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Expensive New Diabetes Drugs Add Nothing But Cost And Complications
This is the fourth in an ongoing series of blogs exposing the rampant misuse of the medications so aggressively promoted by greedy drug companies. I am very lucky in having the perfect partner in this truth-vs-power effort to contradict Pharma propaganda with evidence based fact. Dick Bijl is President of the International Society of Drug Bulletins (ISDB), an impressive association of 53 national drug bulletins from all around the world, each of which publishes the best available data on the pluses and minuses of different medications. Drug bulletins help patients and doctors see through the misleading misinformation ge...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - November 17, 2016 Category: Science Source Type: news

3 Drugs with the Most Severe Side Effects
Image Source Drugs have been known to have some sort of side effects on patients. Most of them are not often discussed in the health tabloids. While other drugs have side effects that are very nominal when compared to the benefits the patient derives from their usage, others have side effects that can impact the lives of their users forever. The most common side effects people experience from drug usage are gastrointestinal related issues which include constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Some other drugs can leave you feeling tired and dizzy for a short period of time. Combining these drugs with simple aspirin will usuall...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - August 19, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Rosiglitazone attenuates inflammation and CA3 neuronal loss following traumatic brain injury in rats.
Abstract Rosiglitazone, a potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist, has been shown to confer neuroprotective effects in stroke and spinal cord injury, but its role in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still controversial. Using a controlled cortical impact model in rats, the current study was designed to determine the effects of rosiglitazone treatment (6 mg/kg at 5 min, 6 h and 24 h post injury) upon inflammation and histological outcome at 21 d after TBI. In addition, the effects of rosiglitazone upon inflammatory cytokine transcription, vestibulomotor behavior and spatial memor...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - March 3, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Liu H, Rose ME, Culver S, Ma X, Dixon CE, Graham SH Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Metabolic syndrome impairs reactivity and wall mechanics of cerebral resistance arteries in obese Zucker rats
This study determined the structural and functional changes in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) during the progression of MetS and the effects of chronic pharmacological interventions on mitigating vascular alterations in obese Zucker rats (OZR), a translationally relevant model of MetS. The reactivity and wall mechanics of ex vivo pressurized MCA from lean Zucker rats (LZR) and OZR were determined at 7–8, 12–13, and 16–17 wk of age under control conditions and following chronic treatment with pharmacological agents targeting specific systemic pathologies. With increasing age, control OZR demonstrated r...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - December 1, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Brooks, S. D., DeVallance, E., d'Audiffret, A. C., Frisbee, S. J., Tabone, L. E., Shrader, C. D., Frisbee, J. C., Chantler, P. D. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research

Drug repurposing for immune modulation in acute ischemic stroke.
Abstract Innate immune cells play a dualistic role in the evolution of ischemic brain damage, with classic phenotypes promoting injury, and alternatively activated M2 microglia/macrophages or N2 neutrophils providing tissue remodelling and repair. Recently, a number of drugs commonly used for other indications (i.e., azithromycin, minocycline, bexarotene, rosiglitazone, metformin) was reported to provide neuroprotection in preclinical stroke models by promoting immune polarization towards non-inflammatory, protective phenotypes. Repurposing drugs with a well-established safety profile should allow a reduction in t...
Source: Current Opinion in Pharmacology - December 1, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Amantea D, Bagetta G Tags: Curr Opin Pharmacol Source Type: research

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in patients with stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
CONCLUSIONS: PPAR-γ agonists appear to reduce recurrent stroke and total events of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke, and improve insulin sensitivity and the stabilisation of carotid plaques. There is evidence of limited quality that they are well tolerated. However, the conclusions should be interpreted with caution considering the small number and the quality of the included studies. In future, well-designed, double-blind RCTs with large samples are required to assess the efficacy and safety of PPAR-γ agonists in the secondary prevention of stroke and related vascular events in p...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 29, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Liu J, Wang LN Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Metabolic syndrome impairs reactivity and wall mechanics of cerebral resistance arteries in obese zucker rats.
This study determined the structural and functional changes to the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) during the progression of MetS, and the effects of chronic pharmacological interventions on mitigating vascular alterations in obese Zucker rats (OZR), a translationally-relevant model of MetS. The reactivity and wall mechanics of ex vivo pressurized MCA from lean Zucker rats (LZR) and OZR was determined at 7-8, 12-13 and 16-17 weeks of age under control conditions and following chronic treatment with pharmacological agents targeting specific systemic pathologies. With increasing age, control OZR demonstrated reduced nitric ox...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 16, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Brooks SD, DeVallance E, d'Audiffret AC, Frisbee SJ, Tabone LE, Shrader CD, Frisbee JC, Chantler PD Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Number needed to harm in the post‐marketing safety evaluation: results for rosiglitazone and pioglitazone
ConclusionThe NNH values suggested an increased CV risk with rosiglitazone versus pioglitazone across several sources of information. The inclusion of objective metrics in post‐marketing drug's benefit–risk assessments could be of increased value and help RAs to make consistent decisions on drug safety. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety - September 1, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Diogo Mendes, Carlos Alves, Francisco Batel‐Marques Tags: Original Report Source Type: research

Rosiglitazone Promotes White Matter Integrity and Long-Term Functional Recovery After Focal Cerebral Ischemia Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Rosiglitazone treatment improves long-term white matter integrity after cerebral ischemia, at least, in part, by promoting oligodendrogenesis and facilitating microglial polarization toward the beneficial M2 phenotype.
Source: Stroke - August 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Han, L., Cai, W., Mao, L., Liu, J., Li, P., Leak, R. K., Xu, Y., Hu, X., Chen, J. Tags: Other Stroke Treatment - Medical Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Evaluating Social Media Networks in Medicines Safety Surveillance: Two Case Studies
Conclusions Publicly available data from the considered social media networks were sparse and largely untrackable for the purpose of providing early clues of safety concerns regarding the prespecified case studies. Further research investigating other case studies and exploring other social media platforms are necessary to further characterise the usefulness of social media for safety surveillance.
Source: Drug Safety - August 5, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cerebral cortical microvascular rarefaction in metabolic syndrome is dependent on insulin resistance and loss of nitric oxide bioavailability
ConclusionsFurther analyses revealed that the maintenance of glycemic control and vascular nitric oxide bioavailability were stronger predictors of cerebral cortical MVD in OZR than was prevention of hypertension, and this may have implications for chronic treatment of CVD risk under stroke‐prone conditions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Microcirculation - May 1, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Paul D. Chantler, Carl D. Shrader, Lawrence E. Tabone, Alexandre C. d'Audiffret, Khumara Huseynova, Steven D. Brooks, Kayla W. Branyan, Kristin A. Grogg, Jefferson C. Frisbee Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- γ in Thyroid Autoimmunity.
Authors: Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Vita R, Antonelli A, Benvenga S Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (PPAR-) γ expression has been shown in thyroid tissue from patients with thyroiditis or Graves' disease and furthermore in the orbital tissue of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), such as in extraocular muscle cells. An increasing body of evidence shows the importance of the (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3) and cognate chemokines (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, in the T helper 1 immune response and in inflammatory diseases such as thyroid autoimmune disorders. PPAR-γ agoni...
Source: PPAR Research - February 28, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: PPAR Res Source Type: research

Neuroinflammation and neuronal autophagic death were suppressed via Rosiglitazone treatment: New evidence on neuroprotection in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability with documented high incidence and relapse rate. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy participated in neuronal cell death and functional loss induced following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The peroxisome proliferating activating receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, Rosiglitazone (RSG), is known for its anti-inflammatory actions. Previous studies have demonstrated that RSG can exert neuroprotection in animal models of both chronic brain injuries and acute brain insults.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - December 26, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Zi-Qiang Shao, Zun-Jing Liu Source Type: research

Gal-geun-dang-gwi-tang improves diabetic vascular complication in apolipoprotein E KO mice fed a western diet
Conclusions: These findings suggest that GGDGT attenuates endothelial dysfunction via improvement of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling pathway and improves insulin sensitivity in diabetic atherosclerosis.
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - November 22, 2014 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: So LeeYun LeeJung ChoiMin KhoJung YoonSun ShinDae KangHo Lee Source Type: research

Methodology of a reevaluation of cardiovascular outcomes in the RECORD trial: Study design and conduct
Conclusions Comprehensive procedures were used for rigorous event reascertainment and readjudication in a previously completed open-label, global clinical trial. These procedures used in this unique situation were consistent with other common approaches in the field, were enhanced to address the FDA concerns about the original RECORD trial results, and could be considered by clinical trialists designing event readjudication protocols for drug development programs that have been completed.
Source: American Heart Journal - October 20, 2014 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

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