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Time to Blood Pressure Control Before Thrombolytic Therapy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: Comparison of Labetalol, Nicardipine, and Hydralazine
Conclusions: Adequate initial dosing of antihypertensive treatment has the potential to reduce time to blood pressure control and possibly time to alteplase therapy. The optimal antihypertensive regimen for controlling blood pressure before alteplase therapy remains unclear.
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Nursing - November 5, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Pharmacology Update Source Type: research

Metabolic syndrome impairs reactivity and wall mechanics of cerebral resistance arteries in obese zucker rats.
This study determined the structural and functional changes to the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) during the progression of MetS, and the effects of chronic pharmacological interventions on mitigating vascular alterations in obese Zucker rats (OZR), a translationally-relevant model of MetS. The reactivity and wall mechanics of ex vivo pressurized MCA from lean Zucker rats (LZR) and OZR was determined at 7-8, 12-13 and 16-17 weeks of age under control conditions and following chronic treatment with pharmacological agents targeting specific systemic pathologies. With increasing age, control OZR demonstrated reduced nitric ox...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 16, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Brooks SD, DeVallance E, d'Audiffret AC, Frisbee SJ, Tabone LE, Shrader CD, Frisbee JC, Chantler PD Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

New Quality Measure Seeks to Optimize Cardiovascular Care For African Americans
In recent months, the debate on race and policing in this country has ignited passions and raised important questions. But while headlines have highlighted instances of excessive force by police and the discriminatory treatment of African Americans, the conversation hasn't yet made the logical leap to a discussion around unequal access to care. It is widely accepted in medical literature that African Americans, Hispanics, and the poor are receiving substandard health care. By way of example, the treatment of heart disease should not be a matter of race; it should be a matter of science and medicine. Today, there are thous...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - September 2, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Brain Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade Improves Dairy Blood Pressure Variability via Sympathoinhibition in Hypertensive Rats.
Authors: Kishi T, Hirooka Y, Sunagawa K Abstract Abnormal blood pressure (BP) elevation in early morning is known to cause cardiovascular events. Previous studies have suggested that one of the reasons in abnormal dairy BP variability is sympathoexcitation. We have demonstrated that brain angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) causes sympathoexcitation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether central AT1R blockade attenuates the excess BP elevation in rest-to-active phase in hypertensive rats or not. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were treated with intracerebroventricular infusi...
Source: International Journal of Hypertension - May 2, 2015 Category: Cardiology Tags: Int J Hypertens Source Type: research

Cerebral cortical microvascular rarefaction in metabolic syndrome is dependent on insulin resistance and loss of nitric oxide bioavailability
ConclusionsFurther analyses revealed that the maintenance of glycemic control and vascular nitric oxide bioavailability were stronger predictors of cerebral cortical MVD in OZR than was prevention of hypertension, and this may have implications for chronic treatment of CVD risk under stroke‐prone conditions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Microcirculation - May 1, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Paul D. Chantler, Carl D. Shrader, Lawrence E. Tabone, Alexandre C. d'Audiffret, Khumara Huseynova, Steven D. Brooks, Kayla W. Branyan, Kristin A. Grogg, Jefferson C. Frisbee Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Pulmonary vascular response to exercise in symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension
ConclusionsEven after thorough decongestion and under continuous afterload reduction, PH secondary to HFrEF is completely reversible in only a minority of patients. Others demonstrate an exercise‐induced PVR increase, associated with impaired right ventricular stroke work, which might be ameliorated by nitric oxide donor support.
Source: European Journal of Heart Failure - December 30, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Frederik H. Verbrugge, Matthias Dupont, Philippe B. Bertrand, Petra Nijst, Lars Grieten, Joseph Dens, David Verhaert, Stefan Janssens, W. H. Wilson Tang, Wilfried Mullens Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Perindopril increases the swallowing reflex by inhibiting substance P degradation and tyrosine hydroxylase activation in a rat model of dysphagia.
Abstract Patients with hypertension have a high risk of ischemic stroke and subsequent stroke-associated pneumonia. Stroke-associated pneumonia is most likely to develop in patients with dysphagia. The present study was designed to compare the ameliorative effects of different treatments in rat model of dysphagia. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were treated with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion causing disorders of the swallowing reflex. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (perindopril, imidapril and enalapril), an angiotensin II type 1-receptor ...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - November 12, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ikeda JI, Kojima N, Saeki K, Ishihara M, Takayama M Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Critical Blood Pressure Threshold Dependence of Hypertensive Injury and Repair in a Malignant Nephrosclerosis Model Kidney
Most patients with essential hypertension do not exhibit substantial renal damage. Renal autoregulation by preventing glomerular transmission of systemic pressures has been postulated to mediate this resistance. Conversely, malignant nephrosclerosis (MN) has been postulated to develop when severe hypertension exceeds a critical ceiling. If the concept is valid, even modest blood pressure (BP) reductions to below this threshold regardless of antihypertensive class (1) should prevent MN and (2) lead to the healing of the already developed MN lesions. Both predicates were tested using BP radiotelemetry in the stroke-prone spo...
Source: Hypertension - September 10, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Griffin, K. A., Polichnowski, A., Litbarg, N., Picken, M., Venkatachalam, M. A., Bidani, A. K. Tags: Animal models of human disease Kidney Source Type: research

Oral antihypertensive therapy for severe hypertension in pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review.
CONCLUSIONS: Oral nifedipine, and possibly labetalol and methyldopa, are suitable options for treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy/postpartum. PMID: 24832366 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - May 16, 2014 Category: OBGYN Authors: Firoz T, Magee L, MacDonell K, Payne B, Gordon R, Vidler M, von Dadelszen P, the Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) Working Group Tags: BJOG Source Type: research

Oral antihypertensive therapy for severe hypertension in pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review
ConclusionsOral nifedipine, and possibly labetalol and methyldopa, are suitable options for treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy/postpartum.
Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - May 16, 2014 Category: OBGYN Authors: T Firoz, LA Magee, K MacDonell, BA Payne, R Gordon, M Vidler, P Dadelszen, Tags: Systematic Review Source Type: research

A Randomized Pilot Study of Aortic Waveform Guided Therapy in Chronic Heart Failure Heart Failure
Conclusions Maximization of goal-directed medical therapy in heart failure patients may enhance afterload reduction and lead to reverse remodeling, while additional medicine titration based upon aortic pressure data improves exercise capacity in patients with heart failure.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - March 20, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Borlaug, B. A., Olson, T. P., Abdelmoneim Mohamed, S., Melenovsky, V., Sorrell, V. L., Noonan, K., Lin, G., Redfield, M. M. Tags: Heart Failure Source Type: research

Superoxide dismutase mimetic, tempol, aggravates renal injury in advanced-stage stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
Objective:The aim of this study was to determine whether antioxidant therapy could relieve hypertension and retard the progression of renal damage in advanced-stage hypertensive rats. Methods:Twenty-four-week-old spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats were treated for 8 weeks with the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol, low-dose or high-dose candesartan (an angiotensin receptor blocker), or hydralazine, and blood pressure and renal damage were compared. Results:Elevated blood pressure and renal damage with heterogeneity were present after 8 weeks, with greater glomerulosclerosis in the juxtamedullary glomeruli than ...
Source: Journal of Hypertension - February 3, 2014 Category: Cardiology Tags: ORIGINAL PAPERS: Oxidative stress Source Type: research

Roles of Hypertension in the Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysms Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Normalization of blood pressure after aneurysm formation prevented aneurysmal rupture in mice. In addition, we found that the inhibition of the local renin–angiotensin system independent from the reduction of blood pressure can prevent aneurysmal rupture.
Source: Stroke - January 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Tada, Y., Wada, K., Shimada, K., Makino, H., Liang, E. I., Murakami, S., Kudo, M., Kitazato, K. T., Nagahiro, S., Hashimoto, T. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Animal models of human disease, Cerebral Aneurysm, AVM, & Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Other Stroke Treatment - Medical Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Renal Denervation Prevents Stroke and Brain Injury via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress in Hypertensive Rats Stroke
Conclusions Our present work provided the first experimental evidence that RD can prevent hypertensive stroke and brain injury, beyond blood pressure lowering, thereby highlighting RD as a promising therapeutic strategy for stroke as well as hypertension.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - October 14, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nakagawa, T., Hasegawa, Y., Uekawa, K., Ma, M., Katayama, T., Sueta, D., Toyama, K., Kataoka, K., Koibuchi, N., Maeda, M., Kuratsu, J.-i., Kim-Mitsuyama, S. Tags: Stroke Source Type: research

Involvement of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages in a rat hypertension model with nephrosclerosis: possible mechanisms of action of olmesartan and azelnidipine.
Abstract Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRsp) rats develop severe hypertension resulting in renal injury. We investigated apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM) expression in nephrosclerotic rats and the involvement of AIM in olmesartan (OLM)- and azelnidipine (AZN)-induced decreases in the number of macrophages infiltrating the kidney. We randomly assigned 20-week-old male SHRsp rats to receive one of the following substances every day for 12 weeks: water (vehicle), hydralazine (HYD), OLM, or AZN. Renal damage was assessed by Masson trichrome staining. Expressions of ED-1, AIM, and oxidized low-densi...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - August 3, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Uramatsu T, Nishino T, Obata Y, Sato Y, Furusu A, Koji T, Miyazaki T, Kohno S Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: research

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