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Potential Applications of Remote Limb Ischemic Conditioning for Chronic Cerebral Circulation Insufficiency
Conclusion Due to its long-term and often invisible course, CCCI has received less attention than acute cerebral ischemic stroke. However, without appropriate intervention, CCCI may lead to a variety of adverse events. Because the pathophysiological changes associated with CCCI are complex, pharmacological research in this area has been disappointing. Recent research suggests that RLIC, which is less invasive and more well-tolerated than drug treatment, can activate endogenous protective mechanisms during CCCI. In the present report, we reviewed studies related to CCCI (Table 1), as well as those related to stroke and sta...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - May 2, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Preischemic Neuroprotective Effect of Minocycline and Sodium Ozagrel on Transient Cerebral Ischemic Rat Model.
This study showed that single doses of minocycline and ozagrel prior to stroke had neuroprotective effects. These agents will be useful not only in post-stroke therapy but also in stroke prevention in several cerebrovascular procedures like carotid endarterectomy, bypass procedure, endovascular angioplasty, thromboembolectomy or thrombolysis. PMID: 25555371 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Research - December 30, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Park SI, Park SK, Jang KS, Han YM, Kim CH, Oh SJ Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Minocycline mitigates the gliogenic effects of proinflammatory cytokines on neural stem cells
Mobilizing endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain is designed to enhance the brain's regenerative capacity after cerebral lesions, e.g., as a result of stroke. Cerebral ischemia elicits neuroinflammatory processes affecting NSCs in multiple ways, the precise mechanisms of which currently remain elusive. An inhibitory effect of minocycline on microglia activation, a hallmark of postischemic neuroinflammation, has already been demonstrated in clinical trials, showing minocycline to be safe and potentially effective in ischemic stroke. Here we investigate the direct effects of minocycline and of proinflammator...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 3, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sabine Ulrike Vay, Stefan Blaschke, Rebecca Klein, Gereon Rudolf Fink, Michael Schroeter, Maria Adele Rueger Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Neuroprotective effects of minocycline and progesterone on white matter injury after focal cerebral ischemia
Publication date: Available online 22 April 2019Source: Journal of Clinical NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Heba Faheem, Ahmed Mansour, Alaa Elkordy, Sherif Rashad, Mohamed Shebl, Mohamed Madi, Salma Elwy, Kuniyasu Niizuma, Teiji TominagaAbstractStroke induced white matter injury can induce marked neurological deficits even after relatively small infarcts, due to the tightly packed nature of white matter tracts especially in certain areas in the brain. Many drugs which were successful in the pre-clinical trials failed in clinical trials, which was attributed in part to the focus on grey matter injury completely and ignoring their e...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - April 24, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Tim-3 cell signaling and iNOS are involved in the protective effects of ischemic postconditioning against focal ischemia in rats
We examined whether iNOS, nitrotyrosine, and COX-2, as well as galectin-9/Tim-3 are involved in the protective effects of IpostC in a rat focal ischemia model. Western blot and confocal immunofluoresent staining results indicate that IPostC significantly inhibited Tim-3 expression, and that galectin-9 expression was also inhibited. In addition, IPostC attenuated production of iNOS and nitrotyrosine, but not COX-2, suggesting that IPostC has distinct effects on these inflammatory factors. Furthermore, the inflammation inhibitor minocycline blocked Tim-3 and iNOS expression induced by stroke. Taken together, we show that the...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - March 6, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Efficacy of Minocycline in Female Rats after Mild Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury (I5-1B)
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats in the acute to subacute time window with minocycline versus saline did not result in significant differences in microgliosis or astrogliosis at Day 16 post-injury as assessed by IHC. This contrasts with the reported efficacy of minocycline in male rodents after stroke and after focal models of TBI. Whether this lack of treatment effect of minocycline is attributable to differences between the responsiveness of male and female animals, or a difference in injury models, is the subject of further investigation. Study Supported by: Department of Defense and National Institu...
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Turtzo, L., Janaria, N., Lescher, J., Tu, W., Frank, J. Tags: Pediatric Neurotrauma: From Coma to Concussions Data Blitz Presentations Source Type: research

Efficacy of Minocycline in Female Rats after Mild Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury (P7.175)
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats in the acute to subacute time window with minocycline versus saline did not result in significant differences in microgliosis or astrogliosis at Day 16 post-injury as assessed by IHC. This contrasts with the reported efficacy of minocycline in male rodents after stroke and after focal models of TBI. Whether this lack of treatment effect of minocycline is attributable to differences between the responsiveness of male and female animals, or a difference in injury models, is the subject of further investigation. Study Supported by: Department of Defense and National Institu...
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Turtzo, L., Janaria, N., Lescher, J., Tu, W., Frank, J. Tags: Neuro Trauma, Critical Care, and Sports Neurology Source Type: research

Depression in the Context of Medical Disorders: New Pharmacological Pathways Revisited
In conclusion a hypothetic model for the implication of actual findings in everyday clinical practice is proposed. In this context personalized treatment could be used to tailor treatment to specific individuals according to their clinical endophenotypes. Moreover a potential target for the development of novel intervention strategies might be used.Neurosignals 2017;25:54 –73
Source: Neurosignals - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Depression in the Context of Medical Disorders: New Pharmacological Pathways Revisited.
In conclusion a hypothetic model for the implication of actual findings in everyday clinical practice is proposed. In this context personalized treatment could be used to tailor treatment to specific individuals according to their clinical endophenotypes. Moreover a potential target for the development of novel intervention strategies might be used. PMID: 29041003 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neuro-Signals - October 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Lang UE, Walter M Tags: Neurosignals Source Type: research

Depression in the Context of Medical Disorders: New Pharmacological Pathways Revisited
In conclusion a hypothetic model for the implication of actual findings in everyday clinical practice is proposed. In this context personalized treatment could be used to tailor treatment to specific individuals according to their clinical endophenotypes. Moreover a potential target for the development of novel intervention strategies might be used.Neurosignals 2017;25:54 –73
Source: Neurosignals - October 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Minocycline mitigates motor impairments and cortical neuronal loss induced by focal ischemia in rats chronically exposed to ethanol during adolescence.
MINOCYCLINE MITIGATES MOTOR IMPAIRMENTS AND CORTICAL NEURONAL LOSS INDUCED BY FOCAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO ETHANOL DURING ADOLESCENCE. Brain Res. 2014 Mar 14; Authors: Oliveira GB, Fontes EA, de Carvalho S, da Silva JB, Fernandes LM, Oliveira MC, Prediger RD, Gomes-Leal W, Rodrigues Lima R, Maia CS Abstract Ethanol is an important risk factor for the occurrence of cerebral ischemia contributing to poor prognosis and inefficacy of drug treatments for stroke-related symptoms. Females have a higher lifetime risk for stroke than males. Moreover, female gender has been associated with increased...
Source: Brain Research - March 14, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Oliveira GB, Fontes EA, de Carvalho S, da Silva JB, Fernandes LM, Oliveira MC, Prediger RD, Gomes-Leal W, Rodrigues Lima R, Maia CS Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Hypothermia followed by rapid rewarming exacerbates ischemia-induced brain injury and augments inflammatory response in rats.
Abstract Hypothermia followed by slow rewarming is neuroprotective for ischemic stroke. However, slow rewarming causes patients' longer stay in intensive care unit and increases the risk of hypothermic complications. Hypothermia followed by rapid rewarming (HTRR) is more convenient; but it exacerbates intracranial hypertension for patients with massive hemispheric infarcts. The present study aims to investigate in detail how HTRR exacerbates ischemic brain injury and what are underlying mechanisms. Rats subjected to transient focal ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion were treated with normothermia or hypo...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - April 19, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhu SZ, Gu Y, Wu Z, Hu YF, Pan SY Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Neutrophils in tPA-induced hemorrhagic transformations: Main culprit, accomplice or innocent bystander?
Publication date: Available online 18 September 2018Source: Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Thavarak Ouk, Camille Potey, Ilaria Maestrini, Maud Petrault, Anne-Marie Mendyk, Didier Leys, Regis Bordet, Sophie GautierAbstractThe risk of intracerebral hemorrhage still greatly limits the use of tPA in stroke patients. Research is ongoing in order to identify the pathophysiological mechanisms at play, detect predictive biomarkers and discover new pharmacological targets to develop preventive or curative treatments. Going through experimental and clinical studies, this review focuses on the role of neutrophils as key predic...
Source: Pharmacology and Therapeutics - October 5, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Tetracyclines and neuromuscular disorders.
Abstract Tetracyclines are a class of antibiotics which could act as neuroprotective molecules in several neurological disorders, such as Huntington disease, Parkinson disease, stroke and multiple sclerosis. The main biological effects of tetracyclines are the inhibition of microglial activation, the attenuation of apoptosis and the suppression of reactive oxygen species production. The anti-apoptotic effect of tetracyclines involves the mitochondrion, and the major target for neuroprotective effects of tetracyclines lies within the complex network that links mitochondria, oxidative stress and apoptosis.Neuromuscu...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - June 1, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Orsucci D, Mancuso M, Filosto M, Siciliano G Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases‐2 and ‐9 in the formation of a lacuna‐like cerebral cavity
We used a modified pial vessel disruption (PVD) protocol with adult male Wistar rats to mimic small‐vessel stroke in the cerebral cortex. Within 3 weeks, this lesion develops into a single lacuna‐like cavity, which is fluid‐filled and encapsulated by reactive astrocytes. Minocycline treatment that commences 1 hr after lesion and continues for 6 days prevents the cavitation and causes a filling of the lesion with reactive astrocytes and no barrier. Here, we determined whether inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases‐2 and ‐9 (MMPs) mediates this minocycline action. Confocal microscopy revealed increased punctate st...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - April 22, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Francisco S. Cayabyab, Krishnamoorty Gowribai, Wolfgang Walz Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

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