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Late-onset cerebral embolism after transcatheter aortic valve implantation under direct oral anticoagulant therapy
We describe the case of a 92-year-old woman with delayed valve thrombosis causing stroke after TAVI, who developed recurrent strokes eight months after TAVI for severe aortic valve stenosis. Transesophageal echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography revealed a string-like thrombus attached to the implanted valve.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - April 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Shuhei Egashira, Takeshi Yoshimoto, Junpei Koge, Masafumi Ihara Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Management of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients with a Left Ventricular Assist Device: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) therapy serves as a surgically implanted form of mechanical circulation in patients with advanced heart failure. Initially designed to provide a bridge to transplant, LVADs now offer an alternative that is increasingly utilized as final destination therapy as the need for donor hearts increases worldwide.1,2 However, this requires lifelong anticoagulation (AC) to prevent pump thrombosis, resulting in hemorrhagic risks.3
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - December 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Austin H. Carroll, Michael P. Ramirez, Ehsan Dowlati, Kyle B. Mueller, Ali Borazjani, Jason J. Chang, Daniel R. Felbaum Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Human neural stem cells improve early stage stroke outcome in delayed tissue plasminogen activator-treated aged stroke brains.
CONCLUSIONS: Aged stroke mice that received delayed tPA treatment in combination with hNSC transplantation exhibited reduced stroke pathophysiology in comparison to non-transplanted stroke mice with delayed tPA. This suggests that hNSC transplantation may synergize with already existing stroke therapies to benefit a larger stroke patient population. PMID: 32147438 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Neurology - March 4, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Boese A, Eckert A, Hamblin MH, Lee JP Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Stroke Therapy
Conclusion and Future Perspectives Stem cell-based therapy is a promising alternative for stroke treatment. While stem cells from different sources, including induced PSC, ESC, MSC, and NSC, have been investigated, using NSC and enhancing the natural mechanisms is most appropriate for brain repair. In preclinical models of stroke, stem cell transplantation has led to positive outcomes through a variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms, many being mediated by the array of beneficial factors produced by the cells. Recent advances in cellular reprogramming have provided alternative sources of NSC to be investigated, allo...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 28, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cryptotanshinone Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/ Recovery-Induced Injury in an in vitro Model of Neurovascular Unit
Conclusions Despite the above limitations, we indicate that the protective mechanism of CTs against OGD/R damage might exert via inhibiting neuron apoptosis and attenuating BBB disruption. Furthermore, we also clarified that CTs inhibited neuronal apoptosis possibly by blocking the activation of MAPK signaling pathways, and CTs alleviating BBB disruption may associated with the regulation of TJPs and MMP-9 in our experiment. Accordingly, CTs will represent a novel and potent candidate for the treatment of CIRI in the future. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of China�...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Microglial-mediated PDGF-CC activation increases cerebrovascular permeability during ischemic stroke
AbstractTreatment of acute ischemic stroke with the thrombolytic tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) can significantly improve neurological outcomes; however, thrombolytic therapy is associated with an increased risk of intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Previously, we demonstrated that during stroke tPA acting on the parenchymal side of the neurovascular unit (NVU) can increase blood –brain barrier (BBB) permeability and ICH through activation of latent platelet-derived growth factor-CC (PDGF-CC) and signaling by the PDGF receptor-α (PDGFRα). However, in vitro, activation of PDGF-CC by tPA is very inefficient and the mec...
Source: Acta Neuropathologica - July 19, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

20 years of Modifying Stroke Risk in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Patients: a Single Center Experience of Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) in SCD (P6.256)
Conclusions:While BMT is curative for SCD, the impact on cerebral vasculopathy and ongoing stroke risk is unknown. Data from this sample suggests that BMT is associated with stabilization but not resolution of vasculopathy and dramatic reduction of stroke after the first year.Study Supported by:N/ADisclosure: Dr. Carpenter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Farias Moeller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abraham has nothing to disclose. Dr. Khademian has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Carpenter, J., Moeller, R. F., Abraham, A., Khademian, Z. Tags: Non-Atherosclerotic Angiopathies and Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Source Type: research

The Clinical Characteristics of Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents Resulting from Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Conclusion: The MCA and ICA are easily involved in stroke resulting from OHSS. The young age may be a risk factor for developing stroke secondary to OHSS. Once thromboembolism develops, administering appropriate therapy is crucial.Eur Neurol 2017;77:221-230
Source: European Neurology - March 2, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Thrombosis at the Site of Pulmonary Venous Anastomosis Following Lung Transplantation Presenting with Multiple, Bilateral, Supra- and Infra-Tentorial Ischemic Strokes in the Setting of a Known Patent Foramen Ovale (P4.355)
CONCLUSIONS: PFO-related stroke risk over time remains a controversial matter and so does its prevention by closure, as there is no current evidence-based data to justify this procedure except on anecdotal basis. LT patients may represent a subset population who could benefit from pre-operative PFO screening and closure, especially if they have a history of prior strokes.Disclosure: Dr. Yeung has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bakhos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Biller has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for the Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Frontier in Neurology and Up-To-Date.
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Yeung, S., Bakhos, M., Biller, J. Tags: Cerebrovascular Case Reports Source Type: research

Acute ischemic stroke due to Left Ventricular Noncompaction Syndrome from a novel mutation of the Lamin A/C gene (P2.254)
Conclusion: LVNC is a risk factor for cardioembolic ischemic stroke particularly in young patients that is not well known. Patients with suspected LVNC by echocardiography should undergo cardiac MRI for confirmation and genetic testing in particular for mutations in the LMNA gene. The prognosis of those with LVNC syndrome is poor; most worsen over time and need ultimately transplantation. Close follow-up is required.Disclosure: Dr. Vongveeranonchai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mittal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ramos Estebanez has nothing to disclose. Dr. DeGeorgia has received personal compensation for activities with OS...
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Vongveeranonchai, N., Mittal, S., Ramos Estebanez, C., De Georgia, M. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease and Interventional Neurology: Genetics and Stroke Source Type: research

Intraluminal Cell Transplantation Prevents Growth and Rupture in a Model of Rupture-Prone Saccular Aneurysms Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Lack of smooth muscle cells in the aneurysm wall promotes wall degradation, aneurysm growth and rupture, even if the aneurysm is occluded by luminal thrombus. Transplantation of smooth muscle cells into the luminal thrombus can reduce this degenerative remodeling.
Source: Stroke - November 24, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Marbacher, S., Frosen, J., Marjamaa, J., Anisimov, A., Honkanen, P., von Gunten, M., Abo-Ramadan, U., Hernesniemi, J., Niemela, M. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Arterial thrombosis, Other Vascular biology Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Loss of Mural Cells Leads to Wall Degeneration, Aneurysm Growth, and Eventual Rupture in a Rat Aneurysm Model Basic Sciences
Conclusions— In the presented experimental setting, complete loss of mural cells acts as a driving force for aneurysm growth and rupture. The findings suggest that aneurysms missing mural cells are incapable to organize a luminal thrombus, leading to recanalization, increased inflammatory reaction, severe wall degeneration, and eventual rupture.
Source: Stroke - December 23, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Marbacher, S., Marjamaa, J., Bradacova, K., von Gunten, M., Honkanen, P., Abo-Ramadan, U., Hernesniemi, J., Niemela, M., Frosen, J. Tags: Basic Sciences Source Type: research