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The potential role of microvascular pathology in the neurological manifestations of coronavirus infection
We present the hypothesis that pre-existing vascular damage (due to aging, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension or other conditions) facilitates infiltration of the virus into the central nervous system (CNS), increasing neuro-inflammation and the likelihood o f neurological symptoms. We also discuss the role of a neuroinflammatory cytokine profile in both blood–brain barrier dysfunction and macrovascular disease (e.g. ischemic stroke and thromboembolism). Future studies are needed to better understand the involvement of the microvasculature in coronavi rus neuropathology, and to test the diagnostic potential o...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - September 9, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Thrombolysis for Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in 2020: Time Is Vision!
Conclusions: In 2020, nonarteritic CRAO patients should theoretically receive the same thrombolytic therapies, in the same time window, as patients with acute cerebral ischemia. Eye stroke and teleeye stroke code encounters must include an expert ophthalmologic evaluation to confirm the correct diagnosis and to evaluate for ocular signs that may help guide IV tPA administration or IA management. Future research should focus on developing feasible retinal penumbra imaging studies that, similar to cerebral tissue viability or perfusion imaging, can be incorporated into the thrombolysis decision-making algorithm.
Source: Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology - August 25, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Tags: Disease of the Year: Cerebrovascular Disorders Source Type: research

Beneficial actions of prothymosin alpha-mimetic hexapeptide on central post-stroke pain, reduced social activity, learning-deficit and depression following cerebral ischemia in mice
Publication date: Available online 23 January 2020Source: PeptidesAuthor(s): Keita Sasaki, Sebok Kumar Halder, Hayato Matsunaga, Hiroshi UedaAbstractProthymosin alpha (ProTα)-mimetic hexapeptide (amino acid: NEVDQE, P6Q) inhibits cerebral or retinal ischemia-induced behavioral, electrophysiological and histological damage. P6Q also abolishes cerebral hemorrhage induced by ischemia with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In the present study we examined the beneficial effects of P6Q on other post-stroke prognostic psychology-related symptoms, which obstruct the motivation toward physical therapy. Intravenous (i.v.) admini...
Source: Peptides - January 24, 2020 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Novel Homozygous Non-sense Mutation in the Catalytic Domain of MTHFR Causes Severe 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency
Conclusion: We identified a novel non-sense mutation in MTHFR gene in a single Egyptian family with severe MTHFR deficiency. The present investigation is clinically important, as it adds to the growing list of MTHFR mutations, which might help in genetic counseling of families of affected children and proper genotype-phenotype correlation. Background Severe 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; OMIM 236250) deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism and inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. It is a very common disorder of folate metabolism and is clinically characterized with low plasma methion...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

New concepts on acute ocular ischemia
Purpose of review To review recent advances in the management of acute ocular ischemic events, including: transient monocular vision loss, central and branch retinal artery occlusions, and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Recent findings Transient monocular vision loss and acute retinal arterial occlusions require immediate diagnosis and management, with recognition of these events as transient ischemic attack or stroke equivalents, respectively. Patients should undergo an immediate stroke workup in a stroke center, similar to patients with acute cerebral ischemia. The treatment of central retinal arte...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - January 13, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE: Edited by Didier Leys Source Type: research

Stroke Risk and Risk Factors in Patients With Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
We read with interest the recently published article1 and commentaries2,3 on the stroke risk and acute management of patients with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). As emphasized by Lavin and associates,1 CRAO patients have a high risk of stroke and cardiovascular events. In Lavin and associates' series of 103 patients with acute CRAO seen within 7  days of onset of visual loss, 37.3% of the 67 patients with brain magnetic resonance imaging had coincident acute strokes, 36.7% of patients had severe carotid disease (greater than 70% stenosis, dissection, or intra-arterial thrombus), 33% presented with hypertensive...
Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology - December 19, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Valerie Biousse, Nancy J. Newman Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Incidence of Bleeding in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Population Based Study
Conclusion:The findings from our study indicate that SCD patients have a high cumulative incidence of bleeding. While the increased incidence of intracranial, urological, and retinal bleeding has been previously described and are confirmed here, we present the novel finding that SCD patients also have a high incidence of GI bleeding, the majority of which are from an upper GI source. The association of hemorrhagic stroke with a history of ischemic stroke is also confirmed. The association of bleeding with VTE is likely due, at least in part, to anticoagulation. Further studies on the causes and risk factors for GI bleeding...
Source: Blood - November 21, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Hariharan, N., Brunson, A. M., Keegan, T. H. M., Wun, T. Tags: 114. Hemoglobinopathies, Excluding Thalassemia-Clinical: Organ Damage and Clinical Complications in Sickle Cell Disease Source Type: research

Endothelial Cell-Specific Inactivation of TSPAN12 (Tetraspanin 12) Reveals Pathological Consequences of Barrier Defects in an Otherwise Intact Vasculature.
Conclusions- This study establishes mice with late endothelial cell-specific loss of Tspan12 as a model to study pathological consequences of BRB impairment in an otherwise intact vasculature. PMID: 30354230 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology - October 26, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Zhang C, Lai MB, Pedler MG, Johnson V, Adams RH, Petrash JM, Chen Z, Junge HJ Tags: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Source Type: research

Transient monocular blindness: Vascular causes and differential diagnoses.
Authors: Bidot S, Biotti D Abstract Transient monocular blindness is an acute episode of ischemic origin in which one eye has profound visual loss, followed by full recovery within one hour. Transient monocular blindness most often occurs in the setting of retinal ischemia secondary to carotid embolism, but other mechanisms have been reported, including thrombosis (most often in the setting of giant cell arteritis), hemodynamic disorders (secondary to severe carotid stenosis) or vasospasm. Transient monocular blindness is considered a transient ischemic attack originating in the carotid arteries and must benefit fr...
Source: Journal Francais d Ophtalmologie - May 20, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Tags: J Fr Ophtalmol Source Type: research

Transient monocular blindness: Vascular causes and differential diagnoses.
Authors: Bidot S, Biotti D Abstract Transient monocular blindness is an acute episode of ischemic origin in which one eye has profound visual loss, followed by full recovery within one hour. Transient monocular blindness most often occurs in the setting of retinal ischemia secondary to carotid embolism, but other mechanisms have been reported, including thrombosis (most often in the setting of giant cell arteritis), hemodynamic disorders (secondary to severe carotid stenosis), or vasospasm. Transient monocular blindness is considered a transient ischemic attack originating in the carotid arteries, and must be manag...
Source: Journal Francais d Ophtalmologie - April 22, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Tags: J Fr Ophtalmol Source Type: research

Retinal Artery Occlusions.
Authors: Lang GE, Lang SJ Abstract Retinal artery occlusions are acute vascular diseases. Very often they are caused by an embolisation. Rarely a thrombosis is caused by an arteriitis. In the acute phase diagnosis in most of the cases can be made by ophthalmoscopy due to the whitish retinal edema and in central retinal artery occlusion the cherry red spot. Difficulties in making the diagnosis can occur in the chronic stage, especially after reperfusion of the retinal vessels, when the fundus colour returned to normal again. Several diagnostic procedures help to make the diagnosis. Unfortunately there is no generall...
Source: Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde - November 21, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Tags: Klin Monbl Augenheilkd Source Type: research

The technique of superselective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: The Garrahan Hospital experience.
Conclusion SOAC is a safe technique with a very low complication rate. PMID: 29119878 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Interventional Neuroradiology - November 10, 2017 Category: Radiology Tags: Interv Neuroradiol Source Type: research

Not as Simple as Canker Sores
BY ​NANA P. MATSUMOTO, & DEREK MEEKS, DO​​A 16-year-old boy presented to a rural ED with a swollen jaw, painful blisters in the mouth, and earache for the past day. One week before, he had a fever with chills, sore throat, and dry coughs. He was not taking any medications, and his immunizations were up-to-date. He had a mild learning disorder but no significant past medical or surgical history.​An apthous ulcer, the most common and one of the earliest signs of Behçet's disease.The patient's vital signs were within normal limits, and his physical examination revealed anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, sinus con...
Source: The Case Files - October 11, 2017 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Blog Posts Source Type: research

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