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Sex Difference of Radiation Response in Occupational and Accidental Exposure
Conclusion and Outlook This review summarizes the data from major human studies on the health risks of radiation exposure and shows that sex can potentially influence the prolonged response to radiation exposure (Figure 1 and Tables 1, 2). These data suggest that long-term radiosensitivity in females is higher than that in males who receive a comparable dose of radiation. Our analysis of the literature agrees with the conclusions of the recent report on the Biological effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR VII) published in 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States (National Research Council, 2006). The B...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - May 2, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

NAMPT as a Dedifferentiation-Inducer Gene: NAD+ as Core Axis for Glioma Cancer Stem-Like Cells Maintenance
Conclusion and Perspectives Gliomas are the most prevalent primary brain cancer in adults and include a broad category of tumors including astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and GBM. Regardless of tumor aggressiveness, malignancy, and infiltration, these glia-derived tumors rarely exceed a median survival time of 12–14 months. Driven by the infiltrative nature of these tumors, the clinical approach is difficult and relapses often occur with fatal consequences. These unsuccessful attempts to control glioma's fate have fostered research looking for more effective therapies. (GSCs) are a small subset of CD133&#...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - May 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Anxiety in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: Risk Factors and Effects on Functional Status
Conclusion: Depressive symptoms are the major correlates of PSA while more severe PSA is associated with poorer ADL and health-related QOL. Acute lesions involving CHWM may correlate with PSA in ischemic stroke patients with mild-to-moderate neurologic deficits, supporting a lesion-location hypothesis in PSA.IntroductionAnxiety is prevalent after stroke and occurs in about one-quarter of stroke survivors (1, 2). Poststroke anxiety (PSA) may have a negative impact on quality of life (QOL) of stroke survivors, affecting their rehabilitation (3). Furthermore, one prospective study found that severe anxiety symptoms were assoc...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 16, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Functional MRI of Letter Cancellation Task Performance in Older Adults
Conclusion The present work is the first to identify neural correlates of the LCT using fMRI and tablet technology in a healthy aging population. Across all ages, the activation was found to be bilateral, including in the cerebellum, superior temporal lobe, precentral gyrus, frontal gyrus, and various occipital and parietal areas. With increasing age, performance generally decreased and brain activity was reduced in the supplementary motor area, middle and inferior frontal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, putamen and cerebellum. Better LCT performance was correlated with increased activity in the middle frontal gyrus, and r...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 15, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Recurrent Stroke after Silent Brain Infarction in Patients with Primary Brain Tumors (S51.007)
Conclusions:The short-term risk of recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with PBTs was substantial and the risk was comparable whether the stroke was silent or symptomatic.Study Supported by: Babak Navi was supported by grants from the NINDS (K23NS091395) and the Florence Gould Endowment for Discovery in Stroke. Hooman Kamel was supported by grants from the NINDS (K23NS082367) and the Michael Goldberg Stroke Research Fund.Disclosure: Dr. Parikh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Burch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kamel has received personal compensation for activities with Genentech as a speaker. Dr. Kamel has received personal ...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Parikh, N., Burch, J., Kamel, H., DeAngelis, L., Navi, B. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease and Interventional Neurology: Stroke Prevention and Translation Source Type: research

Risk factors for developing epilepsy in a U.S. commercially insured pediatric population (P4.328)
Conclusions:Epilepsy incidence was highest in the youngest ages. The most significant risk factors for newly diagnosed epilepsy were neonatal seizures, central nervous system infection, and childhood static encephalopathy, although most pediatric epilepsy patients no recorded putative risk factors.Study Supported by: Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Research Grant as a part of the Goizueta Foundation Project.Disclosure: Dr. Oh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thurman has received personal compensation for activities with UCB as a consultant. Dr. Thurman has received research support from UCB. Dr. Kim has received researc...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Oh, A., Thurman, D., Kim, H. Tags: Neuroepidemiology Source Type: research

Abstract 4058: Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) contributes to cell proliferation and migration caused by acidic environment in human glioma cells
Conclusions: Extracellular acid reduces proliferation and migration in glioma cells. Extracellular acid induces death of glioma cells via ASIC1a mechanisms. These results indicate the presence of ASIC1a in glioma cells and may play significant role in glioma progression. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant numbers NIH R01NS047506, R01NS066027, UL1 RR025008, U54 RR026137, AHA 0840132N, and ALZ IIRG-10-173350. Citation Format: Mingli Liu, Alyssa (Aihui) Guo, Christopher Ghiathi, Zhigang Xiong. Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) contributes to cell proliferation and migration caused by acidic ...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Liu, M., Guo, A., Ghiathi, C., Xiong, Z. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research