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Cerebrovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: neuroimaging, histological and clinical description
We describe pathological and radiological data consistent with thrombotic microangiopathy caused by endotheliopathy with a haemorrhagic predisposition.
Source: Brain - July 9, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cryptotanshinone Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/ Recovery-Induced Injury in an in vitro Model of Neurovascular Unit
Conclusions Despite the above limitations, we indicate that the protective mechanism of CTs against OGD/R damage might exert via inhibiting neuron apoptosis and attenuating BBB disruption. Furthermore, we also clarified that CTs inhibited neuronal apoptosis possibly by blocking the activation of MAPK signaling pathways, and CTs alleviating BBB disruption may associated with the regulation of TJPs and MMP-9 in our experiment. Accordingly, CTs will represent a novel and potent candidate for the treatment of CIRI in the future. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of China�...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

New-Onset Geriatric Epilepsy in China: A Single-Center Study.
Conclusions: Autoimmune encephalitis is becoming an increasing risk factor of subsequent epilepsy in older people. Older patients with new epilepsy are more likely to respond to antiepileptic drugs, and drug-resistant epilepsy is uncommon. PMID: 30539903 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Chinese Medical Journal - December 14, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Chen JH, Zhou XQ, Lu Q, Jin LR, Huang Y Tags: Chin Med J (Engl) Source Type: research

Unusual case of recurrent SMART (stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy) syndrome
Ramnath Santosh Ramanathan, Gayathri Sreedher, Konark Malhotra, Zain Guduru, Deeksha Agarwal, Mary Flaherty, Timothy Leichliter, Sandeep RanaAnnals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2016 19(3):399-401Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is a rare delayed complication of cerebral radiation therapy. A 53-year-old female initially presented with headache, confusion and left homonymous hemianopia. Her medical history was notable for cerebellar hemangioblastoma, which was treated with radiation in 1987. Her initial brain MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) revealed cortical enhancement in the right te...
Source: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology - July 24, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Ramnath Santosh Ramanathan Gayathri Sreedher Konark Malhotra Zain Guduru Deeksha Agarwal Mary Flaherty Timothy Leichliter Sandeep Rana Source Type: research

Clinical implications for Translocator Protein (TSPO) imaging using 123ICLINDE SPECT: A feasible approach
Conclusions The preliminary results imply that [123I]CLINDE-SPECT is a feasible approach for TSPO imaging in neurological disorders associated with microglial activation and/or increased TSPO expression. The development of methods that do not need arterial blood sampling for quantification of TSPO will be important to ease implementation in a daily clinical setting. Further clinical studies are needed to determine the precise role of TSPO imaging in predicting clinical outcome and treatment response.
Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine - May 23, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Thomsen, G., Jensen, P., Feng, L., Knudsen, L., Knudsen, G., Pinborg, L. Tags: Neurosciences/Neurology. Miscellaneous Source Type: research

What Genetics are Associated with Multiple Sclerosis?
Discussion Multiple sclerosis (MS) is “a chronic degenerative, often episodic disease of the central nervous system marked by patchy destruction of the myelin that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers, usually appearing in young adulthood and manifested by one or more mild to severe neural and muscular impairments, as spastic weakness in one or more limbs, local sensory losses, bladder dysfunction, or visual disturbances.” It is a chronic disease and therefore symptoms must occur more than once. The first episode is called an acute demyelinating attack. Fifteen to forty-five percent of children with their first...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - April 4, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

A Case of Transient Global Amnesia: A Review and How It May Shed Further Insight into the Neurobiology of Delusions
Conclusion In closing, our patient’s episode of TGA combined with her emotional and perceptual response lends credence to the proposal of a “fear/paranoia” circuit in the genesis of paranoid delusions—a circuit incorporating amygdala, frontal, and parietal cortices. Here, neutral or irrelevant stimuli, thoughts, and percepts come to engender fear and anxiety, while dysfunction in frontoparietal circuitry engenders inappropriate social predictions and maladaptive inferences about the intentions of others.[54] Hippocampus relays information about contextual information based on past experiences and the current situat...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Anxiety Disorders Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Case Report Cognition Current Issue Dementia Medical Issues Neurologic Systems and Symptoms Psychiatry Schizophrenia delusions hippocampus neurobiology Transient global amnesia Source Type: research

Limbic Encephalitis Exacerbations and Remissions Charted by Microglial PET Scan: A Case Study (P4.104)
CONCLUSIONS: C-11-PK11195 PET imaging can be useful in the diagnosis of limbic encephalitis and for monitoring response to treatment. MALT lymphoma may also be associated with autoimmune or paraneoplastic encephalitis, especially in individuals with other predisposing factors to autoimmune disorders, such as Tourette’s and autoimmune thyroid disease. The reduction in microglial activity with both IVIG and anti-psychotics supports previous findings that anti-psychotics may act through anti-inflammatory pathways.Disclosure: Dr. Shatz has received research support from Janssen Pharmaceutica. Dr. Chugani has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Shatz, R., Chugani, H. Tags: Aging, Dementia, Cognitive, and Behavioral Neurology: Rapidly Progressive and Inflammatory Dementias Source Type: research

Voltage Gated Calcium Channels Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis (P5.228)
ConclusionThis case demonstrates a correlation between a high titer of VGCC antibodies and autoimmune encephalitis. Our patient's initial improvement with steroids and plasma exchange in the face of a negative CT and PET suggests a primary autoimmune process rather than a paraneoplastic etiology, though we admit that it is premature to rule out remission and we will continue to follow herDisclosure: Dr. Alwaki has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lugo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goshgarian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahmad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hefzy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mitsias has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Alwaki, A., Lugo, A., Goshgarian, C., Ahmad, O., Hefzy, H., Mitsias, P. Tags: Aging, Dementia, and Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Subacute Encephalopathies Source Type: research

Autoimmune gabab antibody encephalitis associated with non-malignant lung lesion
GABAb receptor autoimmune encephalitis is a potentially treatable disorder characterised by seizures, memory deficits, increased anxiety and mood dysregulation. In some patients it is associated with small–cell lung cancer and with other autoantibodies. We are presenting a case of GABAb receptor autoimmune encephalitis which was associated with non–malignant lung lesion, likely inflammatory in nature. A 62 year old woman presented with recent onset depression and tonic–clonic seizures. CT head showed patchy white matter changes particularly in the left frontal lobe. Initial treatment for suspected infecti...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Wysota, B., Teare, L., Karim, A., Jacob, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Stroke, Drugs: psychiatry, Memory disorders (psychiatry), Radiology, Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases, Radiology (diagnostics) Association of British Neurologists (AB Source Type: research