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Total 202 results found since Jan 2013.

Prevalence of Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors Exposed to Both Adjuvant Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION: More CMBs were found in the aRCeBCS group than in the population-based controls. These vascular lesions potentially mark cerebrovascular frailty that could partially explain the well-documented association between chemotherapy and cognitive dysfunction. No support was found for a radiotherapy-related origin of CMBs. PMID: 25559803 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer - January 5, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Koppelmans V, Vernooij MW, Boogerd W, Seynaeve C, Ikram MA, Breteler MM, Schagen SB Tags: J Clin Oncol Source Type: research

Periodic Lateralized Epileptiform Discharges (PLEDs) in Patients With Neurosyphilis and HIV Infection.
Abstract Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) are an electroencephalographic pattern recorded in the setting of a variety of brain abnormalities. It is best recognized for its association with acute viral encephalitis, stroke, tumor, or latestatus epilepticus. However, there are other conditions that have been recognized as the underlying pathology for PLEDs such as alcohol withdrawal, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, anoxic brain injury, and hemiplegic migraine. However, there are only rare case reports of PLEDs in patients with neurosyphilis. Here, we report 2 patients presenting with encephalopathy an...
Source: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience - October 17, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Takagaki K, Morales MK, Vitantonio D, Berkowitz F, Bell WL, Kumar PN, Motamedi GK Tags: Clin EEG Neurosci Source Type: research

Assessment of a combined spin- and gradient-echo (SAGE) DSC-MRI method for preclinical neuroimaging
The goal of this study was to optimize and validate a combined spin- and gradient-echo (SAGE) sequence for dynamic susceptibility-contrast magnetic resonance imaging to obtain hemodynamic parameters in a preclinical setting. The SAGE EPI sequence was applied in phantoms and in vivo rat brain (normal, tumor, and stroke tissue). Partial and full Fourier encoding schemes were implemented and characterized. Maps of cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean transit time (MTT), vessel size index (VSI), volume transfer constant (Ktrans), and volume fraction of the extravascular extracellular space (ve) were obtained.
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging - September 4, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Ashley M. Stokes, Jack T. Skinner, C. Chad Quarles Source Type: research

Fatal Intracranial Hemorrhage after Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Associated with Cancer-related Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is associated with hypercoagulability in patients with inflammatory states such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Cardiac vegetations caused by NBTE often lead to life-threatening systemic thromboembolism that most frequently affects the brain, spleen, and kidneys. A 54-year-old woman diagnosed with ovarian cancer suddenly developed back pain and left hemiparesis. Although intravenous alteplase (rt-PA) therapy was administered to treat hyperacute ischemic infarction detected by magnetic resonance imaging, intracranial hemorrhage occurred in the left hemisphere several hours late...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 11, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Takuya Yagi, Kie Takahashi, Mariko Tanikawa, Morinobu Seki, Takato Abe, Norihiro Suzuki Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Tissue oxygen saturation mapping with magnetic resonance imaging
çois Payen & Emmanuel Luc Barbier
Source: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow - July 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Thomas ChristenPierre BouzatNicolas PannetierNicolas CoqueryAnaïck MoisanBenjamin LemassonSébastien ThomasEmmanuelle GrillonOlivier DetanteChantal RémyJean-François PayenEmmanuel Luc Barbier Tags: brain MRI oxygenation stroke trauma tumor Source Type: research

A review of technical aspects of -weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in human brain tumors
In the last few years, several imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography, have been used to investigate the degree of blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability in patients with neurological diseases including multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and brain tumors. One promising MRI method for assessing the BBB permeability of patients with neurological diseases in vivo is T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI. Here we review the technical issues involved in DCE-MRI in the study of human brain tumors.
Source: Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics - May 1, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: M. Bergamino, L. Bonzano, F. Levrero, G.L. Mancardi, L. Roccatagliata Tags: Review paper Source Type: research

PET scans may improve brain injury diagnosis
ConclusionThis is a valuable diagnostic study that tested how accurate PET and fMRI imaging are at distinguishing between different levels of conscious state and helping to predict recovery. Diagnostic assessments are traditionally made using bedside clinical tests – but as the researchers say, judging the level of awareness in people with severe brain damage can be difficult.In particular, the researchers wanted to see whether the scans could accurately distinguish between people with “unresponsive wakefulness syndrome” and “minimally conscious state”, as distinguishing between these two states can have impor...
Source: NHS News Feed - April 16, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medical practice Neurology Source Type: news

A Unique Presentation of Pediatric Stroke Attributed to Intrathecal Methotrexate (P3.309)
CONCLUSIONS:This is a rare case of ischemic watershed infarcts with diffuse reversible cerebral vasospasm, after intrathecal methotrexate. This highlights the need for further research into the pathogenesis of methotrexate neurotoxicity including endothelial damage.Study Supported by:Disclosure: Dr. Ilyas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Williams has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Ilyas, M., Williams, M. Tags: Neurologic Complications of Cancer Source Type: research

MRI reveals genetic activity: Deciphering genes' roles in learning and memory
Doctors commonly use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose tumors, damage from stroke, and many other medical conditions. Neuroscientists also rely on it as a research tool for identifying parts of the brain that carry out different cognitive functions. Now, biological engineers are trying to adapt MRI to a much smaller scale, allowing researchers to visualize gene activity inside the brains of living animals.
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - March 25, 2014 Category: Science Source Type: news

First In Vivo Potassium-39 K) MRI at 9.4 T Using Conventional Copper Radio Frequency Surface Coil Cooled to 77 K
Potassium-39 ( 39K) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive technique which could potentially allow for detecting intracellular physiological variations in common human pathologies such as stroke and cancer. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved in 39K-MR images hampered data acquisition with sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution in animal models so far. Full wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations were performed for a single-loop copper (Cu) radio frequency (RF) surface resonator with a diameter of 30 mm optimized for rat brain imaging at room temperature (RT) and at liquid nitrogen (LN...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - February 1, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

N-type calcium channel antibody-mediated paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: A diagnostic challenge
Conclusion: This case highlights limbic encephalitis as an atypical presentation of neuroendocrine cancer. It also illustrates how treatment of the underlying cancer can reverse limbic encephalitis and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome in a neuroendocrine carcinoma patient even before the paraneoplastic panel becomes negative.
Source: Journal of the Neurological Sciences - January 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Carlos Kamiya-Matsuoka, David Blas-Boria, Michelle D. Williams, Pedro Garciarena, Sudhakar Tummala, Ivo W. Tremont-Lukats Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

First In Vivo Potassium-39 $(^{bf 39}$K) MRI at 9.4 T Using Conventional Copper Radio Frequency Surface Coil Cooled to 77 K
Potassium-39 ($^{39}$K) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive technique which could potentially allow for detecting intracellular physiological variations in common human pathologies such as stroke and cancer. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved in $^{39}$K-MR images hampered data acquisition with sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution in animal models so far. Full wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations were performed for a single-loop copper (Cu) radio frequency (RF) surface resonator with a diameter of 30 mm optimized for rat brain imaging at room temperature (RT) and at liq...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - January 17, 2014 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Stroke in Children With Cancer: The Tip of the Iceberg?
We read with great interest the article by Noje et al. in which they analyzed the incidence and characteristics of stroke in children with cancer. Among a population of 1411 children with cancer, during a 10-year period registry, 15 children had stroke, corresponding to an overall prevalence of 1%. A slightly increased prevalence of stroke in children with brain tumors was documented (1.3%). The occurrence of stroke in children with brain tumors is potentiated by cranial radiation therapy. We are currently following a cohort of 103 adult survivors of childhood primary central nervous system tumors in our neurooncology c...
Source: Pediatric Neurology - December 6, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: João Passos, Hipólito Nzwalo, Joana Marques, Ana Azevedo, Sofia Nunes, Duarte Salgado Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research