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Sex Differences in Sex Hormone Profiles and Prediction of Consciousness Recovery After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Conclusion: These findings indicate that TBI differentially affects the levels of sex-steroid hormones in men and women patients. Plasma levels of testosterone could be a good candidate blood marker to predict recovery from unconsciousness after sTBI for male patients. Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide and is increasing in incidence (1). Patients with acute severe TBI (sTBI) often develop severe disorders of consciousness, i.e., coma, minimally conscious state or vegetative state. Although many patients may regain consciousness during the 1-month post-TBI p...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 25, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The Effects of Intelectin-1 on Antioxidant and Angiogenesis in HUVECs Exposed to Oxygen Glucose Deprivation
Conclusion: These results suggest intelectin-1 promotes angiogenesis, inhibits oxidative stress and reduces apoptosis by stimulating the Akt-eNOS signaling pathway in response to ischemia in vitro. Introduction Stroke is a main reason of human neurological disability, ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for almost 80–90% of all strokes. IS occurs after a cerebral blood flow disruption, leading to cellular death and tissue damage by restricting glucose and oxygen supplies (1). Ischemic vascular diseases cause substantial vascular valve and vascular endothelial cell injuries, eventually damaging the surrounding tis...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 15, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effect of Inflammation on the Process of Stroke Rehabilitation and Poststroke Depression
Conclusions Stroke comprises ischemic stroke and ICH. The immuno-inflammatory process is involved in neural plasticity following events such as a hemorrhage or ischemic stroke. After ischemia, astrocytes, microglia, and MDMs play important roles during rehabilitation with the modulation of cytokines or chemokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1. Moreover, MiRNAs are also important posttranscriptional regulators in these glial mitochondrial responses to cerebral ischemia. ICH involves processes similar and different to those seen in ischemia, including neuronal injury, astrocytic and microglial/macrophage activation, and n...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 10, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Selective Non-nuclear Estrogen Receptor Activation Decreases Stroke Severity and Promotes Functional Recovery in Female Mice.
Abstract Estrogens provide neuroprotection in animal models of stroke, but uterotrophic effects and cancer risk limit translation. Classical estrogen receptors (ER) serve as transcription factors, whereas non-nuclear ER govern numerous cell processes and exert beneficial cardiometabolic effects without uterine or breast cancer growth in mice. Here we determined how non-nuclear ER stimulation with a pathway-preferential estrogen (PaPE-1) impacts stroke outcome in mice.Ovariectomized female mice received vehicle, estradiol (E2), or PaPE-1 before and following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo). MRI a...
Source: Endocrinology - September 25, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Selvaraj UM, Zuurbier K, Whoolery C, Plautz EJ, Chambliss KL, Kong X, Zhang S, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA, Mineo C, Shaul PW, Stowe AM Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Raloxifene, a promising estrogen replacement, limits TDP-25 cell death by enhancing autophagy and suppressing apoptosis.
Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal adult-onset neurodegenerative disease, and at present, therapies for ALS are limited. Estrogen is a potential therapeutic agent for ALS but has undesirable effects that might increase the risk of breast and uterine cancers or stroke. Raloxifene (Ral) has estrogenic properties but does not exhibit these adverse effects. However, the mechanism of Ral in ALS has not been studied. We thus investigated the effects of Ral in an NSC34 model of ALS that stably expresses the 25-kDa C-terminal fragment of TDP-43 (i.e., TDP-25 cells) and found that GPR30 (G protein-coup...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - May 25, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhou F, Dong H, Liu Y, Yan L, Sun C, Hao P, Liu Y, Zhai J, Liu Y Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Endocrine Disruptors and Health Effects in Africa: A Call for Action
Conclusion: To address the many challenges posed by EDCs, we argue that Africans should take the lead in prioritization and evaluation of environmental hazards, including EDCs. We recommend the institution of education and training programs for chemical users, adoption of the precautionary principle, establishment of biomonitoring programs, and funding of community-based epidemiology and wildlife research programs led and funded by African institutes and private companies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1774 Received: 16 February 2017 Revised: 22 May 2017 Accepted: 24 May 2017 Published: 22 August 2017 Address correspond...
Source: EHP Research - August 23, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Commentary Source Type: research

Research Articles The prodrug DHED selectively delivers 17{beta}-estradiol to the brain for treating estrogen-responsive disorders
Many neurological and psychiatric maladies originate from the deprivation of the human brain from estrogens. However, current hormone therapies cannot be used safely to treat these conditions commonly associated with menopause because of detrimental side effects in the periphery. The latter also prevents the use of the hormone for neuroprotection. We show that a small-molecule bioprecursor prodrug, 10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED), converts to 17β-estradiol in the brain after systemic administration but remains inert in the rest of the body. The localized and rapid formation of estrogen from the ...
Source: Science Translational Medicine - July 22, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Prokai, L., Nguyen, V., Szarka, S., Garg, P., Sabnis, G., Bimonte-Nelson, H. A., McLaughlin, K. J., Talboom, J. S., Conrad, C. D., Shughrue, P. J., Gould, T. D., Brodie, A., Merchenthaler, I., Koulen, P., Prokai-Tatrai, K. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

The Case Files: Unusual Headache
By Al-Hashimi, Siddhartha DO; Leavens, John MD A 23-year-old woman with a history of migraine headaches presented to the emergency department for a different-than-usual headache. She had a six-day history of intermittent headaches. The onset was at rest, and there was no history of trauma.   The headache was located behind her left eye, and it radiated into the posterior portion of her head. She characterized it as being 8/10 in intensity. Bright lights were reported as an exacerbating factor. The headache was associated with nausea and multiple episodes of emesis. She had 10 episodes of vomiting the evening prior to arri...
Source: The Case Files - June 5, 2014 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Blog Posts Source Type: research

Could Antibodies or Hormones Slow Brain Damage from Alzheimer’s?
Scientists have discovered that certain antibodies may help slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Dr. Patricia Salinas of University College London, UK, and her team focused on a protein called Dkk1, present in raised levels in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease. Using brain samples from mice, the team looked at the progressive disintegration of synapses in the hippocampus when exposed to a protein called amyloid-beta, thought to be central to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. “Synaptic loss mediated by amyloid-beta in early stages of the disease might contribute to cognitive...
Source: Psych Central - June 1, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jane Collingwood Tags: Aging Alzheimer's Disorders General Seniors Abnormal Deposits Alzheimer S Disease Antibodies Brain Area Brain Damage Cognitive Decline Cognitive Impairments Disintegration Dr Patricia Dr Simon Hippocampus Journal Of Neurosc Source Type: news