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Total 24 results found since Jan 2013.

Abstract 2312: Identifying novel cancer stem cell target for triple-negative breast cancer
The objective of this study was to investigate the role of HN1L in regulating BCSC and metastasis in TNBC, and to determine the mechanism of action of HN1L in BCSC. Knocking down HN1L by shRNA in SUM159 and MDAMB231 cell lines significantly decreased mammosphere forming efficiency (MSFE) and CD44+/CD24low/- population. To assess the contribution of HN1L to BCSC and tumor growth, a patient derived human-cancer-in-mouse xenograft model and two cancer cell line xenograft models were employed. To ensure targeted delivery, siRNA was packaged into DOPC liposomes and delivered into mice via intraperitoneal injection. Results show...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Liu, Y., Choi, D. S., Grandos-Principal, S., Qian, W., Burey, L., Wong, H., Rodriguez-Aguayo, C., Sood, A., Li, Z., Wong, S., Weiss, H., Dave, B., Landis, M., Chang, J. C. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

GPX2 overexpression is involved in cell proliferation and prognosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer
In this report, we investigated the role of glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) in CRPC. GPX2 expression was analyzed in rat and human CRPC cells. Next, we determined the proliferation rate and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in GPX2-small interfering RNA (siRNA)-transfected CRPC cells. For in vivo analysis, siRNA-transfected cells were subcutaneously implanted into normal and castrated nude mice. Further, immunohistochemical and prognostic analyses of GPX2 were performed using human specimens. Silencing of GPX2 caused significant growth inhibition and increased intracellular ROS in both rat (PCai1) and human (PC3) CRPC...
Source: Carcinogenesis - August 27, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Naiki, T., Naiki-Ito, A., Asamoto, M., Kawai, N., Tozawa, K., Etani, T., Sato, S., Suzuki, S., Shirai, T., Kohri, K., Takahashi, S. Tags: Original Manuscript Source Type: research

Abstract 2286: Regulation of GSK3{beta} axis by combination treatment with TRAIL and Troglitazone in cancer cells
Prostate cancer is estimated to account for 29% of all new cancers and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States. Hormonal therapy is the only treatment for advanced forms, but androgen-independence eventually develops in most patients. Developing new treatment strategies are urgently needed, which needs a deeper molecular understanding of the events that lead to tumor progression. TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has gained much importance recently due to its ability to preferentially induce cell death in malignant and transformed cells. However, since many tumor cells de...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Majumdar, S., Santha, S., Rana, A., Rana, B. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract B50: MEK inhibitors mount a two-pronged attack to kill estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cells undergoing hormonal therapy: Attenuated autophagy and induction of apoptosis
In this study, we hypothesized that the requirement of MEK1/MAPK1/2 for pro-survival autophagy is due, in part, to its role in blocking the intracellular accumulation of dephosphorylated BimEL. To test this hypothesis, we modulated the expression of dephosphorylated BimEL with either a BimEL cDNA expression vector, siRNA targeting of BimEL, or MEK1 blockade with the small molecule inhibitor U0126 and determined the levels of the autophagic flux in ER+ breast cancer cells undergoing antiestrogen treatment. The determination of autophagic flux was made by comparing the levels of two proteins involved in autophagy -the LC3 /A...
Source: Molecular Cancer Research - February 5, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Takhar, S., Manning, M., Eason, A., Dix, M., Periyasamy-Thandavan, S., Padi, R., Bieberich, E., Hill, W., Browning, D., Ganapathy, V., Thangaraju, M., Schoenlein, P. V. Tags: RAS Targeting: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Icariin Alleviates Wear Particle-Induced Periprosthetic Osteolysis via Down-Regulation of the Estrogen Receptor α-mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Macrophages
In conclusion, icariin attenuates wear particle-induced inflammation and osteolysis via down-regulation of the ERα-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophages. The potential application of icariin as a non-hormonal therapy for wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis is worthy of further investigation.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - November 3, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

17-beta estradiol inhibits oxidative stress-induced accumulation of AIF into nucleolus and PARP1-dependent cell death via estrogen receptor alpha.
Abstract Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage results in over-activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), leading to parthanatos, a newly discovered cell elimination pathway. Inhibition of PARP1-dependent cell death has shown to improve the outcome of diseases, including stroke, heart ischemia, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study we aimed to detect whether estrogen plays a protective role in inhibiting parthanatos. We utilized human mammary adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7) that abundantly express the estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ). Parthanatos was induced by challenging the ce...
Source: Toxicology Letters - September 30, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Batnasan E, Wang R, Wen J, Ke Y, Li X, Bohio AA, Zeng X, Huo H, Han L, Boldogh I, Ba X Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

Abstract 620: Evidence for combination tamoxifen and betulinic acid to treat hormone responsive- and unresponsive breast cancer by attenuation of Pygopus expression
The presence of the estrogen and progesterone hormone receptors (ER and PR) in advanced breast cancer tumour nuclei is predictive for response to hormone disruptive therapy. However, the accuracy of ER and PR testing can be variable and although patients receive significant benefit from hormone therapy, they ultimately become refractory to treatment. The chromatin remodeling protein: human Pygopus2 (hPygo2), is important for oncogenic growth and cell cycle progression and may serve as a diagnostic or targetable biomarker for breast cancer. Here we demonstrate that ER-alpha (Erα)−Sp1 transcription factor (Sp1) complexes ...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tzenov, Y., Andrews, P., Popadiuk, C., Kao, K. R. Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Abstract 2270: TRAIL-TZD combinatorial treatment induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells through modulation of AMPK signaling pathway
In this study we determined AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a potential target for TRAIL-TZD-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. AMPK is a family of serine/threonine protein kinase and is highly conserved from yeast to human. It consists of three subunits: a catalytic α subunit and regulatory β and γ subunits. AMPK is a well-accepted target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes. We used C42-DN (stably overexpressing AMPK α1-dominant negative) and C42-EV (empty vector) prostate cancer cell lines to study differences in TRAIL-TZD-induced apoptosis. Our studies showed a dose dependent ...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Santha, S., Majumdar, S., Viswakarma, N., Rana, A., Rana, B. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

GSE61214 Identification of DEK as a potential therapeutic target for Neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Conclusions: The results suggest that DEK may play an important role in the progression of prostate cancer, especially NEPC and provide a potential biomarker to aid risk stratification of prostate cancer and a novel therapeutic target for treating NEPC.
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - January 15, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Expression profiling by array Homo sapiens Source Type: research

Abstract P3-05-11: Glutamine metabolism promotes survival through the unfolded protein response in endocrine resistant breast cancer
About 70% of all breast cancers are estrogen receptor alpha positive (ER+). Anti-hormone therapy such as antiestrogens (e.g.,Tamoxifen; TAM) are often used to treat ER+ breast cancer but breast cancer cells can develop resistance to these drugs (endocrine resistance). Unfortunately, ∼50% percent of all antiestrogen treated tumors eventually develop endocrine resistance, and therefore, there is an urgent need to find ways to treat this incurable disease. Endocrine resistant cells survive antiestrogen treatment by initiating a pro-survival pathway mediated by an evolutionary conserved process call the unfolded protein resp...
Source: Cancer Research - April 30, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Shajahan-Haq, A. N., Demo, S., Clarke, R. Tags: Poster Session Abstracts Source Type: research

Gene interference strategies as a new tool for the treatment of prostate cancer
Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancer in men. It affects older men and the incidence increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 67 years. The diagnosis of PCa is essentially based on three tools: digital rectal exam, serum concentration of prostate specific antigen, and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. Currently, the therapeutic treatments of this cancer are different and range from the prostatectomy to hormonal therapy, to radiation therapy, to immunotherapy, and to chemotherapy. However, additional efforts are required in order to find new weapons for the treatment of meta...
Source: Endocrine - June 7, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Estrogen suppresses breast cancer proliferation through GPER / p38 MAPK axis during hypoxia
In conclusion, Estrogen suppresses breast cancer growth by inhibiting G1/S phase transition through GPER/ROS/p38 MAPK/p21 mediated signaling during hypoxic condition.
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - November 6, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Estrogen receptor {beta}-dependent Notch1 activation protects vascular endothelium against tumor necrosis factor {alpha} (TNF{alpha})-induced apoptosis Molecular Bases of Disease
Unlike age-matched men, premenopausal women benefit from cardiovascular protection. Estrogens protect against apoptosis of endothelial cells (ECs), one of the hallmarks of endothelial dysfunction leading to cardiovascular disorders, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The inflammatory cytokine TNFα causes EC apoptosis while dysregulating the Notch pathway, a major contributor to EC survival. We have previously reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment activates Notch signaling in ECs. Here, we sought to assess whether in TNFα-induced inflammation Notch is involved in E2-mediated protection...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - November 3, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Francesca Fortini, Francesco Vieceli Dalla Sega, Cristiana Caliceti, Giorgio Aquila, Micaela Pannella, Antonio Pannuti, Lucio Miele, Roberto Ferrari, Paola Rizzo Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

Isoquercitrin promotes the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and BMSCs via the RUNX2 or BMP-pathway.
Authors: Li M, Zhang C, Li X, Lv Z, Chen Y, Zhao J Abstract Isoquercitrin is widely present in fruits, vegetables and medicinal herbs. As a natural phytoestrogen, isoquercitrin has been considered a possible osteoporosis prevention option to avoid the risk of hormone therapy. In this work, we studied the effects of isoquercitrin on the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), as well as the molecular mechanism of isoquercitrin action. The cell proliferation of osteoblasts and BMSCs was promoted by isoquercitrin at low concentrations. High concentratio...
Source: Connective Tissue Research - June 4, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Connect Tissue Res Source Type: research

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cancer progression and therapy
Most of the tumors are occupied with a number of self ‐renewing cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are contributed to the initiation, maintenance, and thriving cancer. The cells have rather similar characteristics to other stem cells located in the niche of body organs, but they have not essentially the same responses to the diverse stimuli. There is evidence for repopulation of CSCs after treatment with chemo/radiotherapy, which is possibly because of their highly plastic feature. Normal stem cells have the proclivity to transform into CSCs when they undergo continuous mutagenesis or receive tumorigenic signals ...
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - November 11, 2018 Category: Cytology Authors: Masoud Najafi, Bagher Farhood, Keywan Mortezaee Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research