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Total 170 results found since Jan 2013.

A Novel Kinase Function of a Nucleoside ‐diphosphate‐kinase Homolog in P. gingivalis is Critical in Subversion of Host Cell Apoptosis by Targeting Heat‐Shock Protein 27
In this study, we describe a novel kinase function for bacterial effector, P. gingivalis‐Ndk, in abrogating epithelial cell death by phosphorylating Heat‐shock‐protein‐27 (HSP27) in GECs. Infection by P. gingivalis was recently suggested to increase phosphorylation of HSP27 in cancer‐epithelial cells; however, the mechanism and biological significance of anti‐apoptotic phospho‐HSP27 during infection has never been characterized. Interestingly, using GST‐rNdk Pull‐down analyzed by mass‐spectrometry, we identified HSP27 in GECs as a strong binder of P. gingivalis‐Ndk and further verified using confocal ...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - January 23, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jungnam Lee, JoAnn S. Roberts, Kalina R. Atanasova, Nityananda Chowdhury, Özlem Yilmaz Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Identification of GBF1 as a cellular factor required for Hepatitis E virus RNA replication
Abstract The hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome is a single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA that encodes three proteins including the ORF1 replicase. Mechanisms of HEV replication in host cells are unclear and only a few cellular factors involved in this step have been identified so far. Here, we used brefeldin A (BFA) that blocks the activity of the cellular Arf guanine nucleotide exchange factors GBF1, BIG1 and BIG2, which play a major role in reshuffling of cellular membranes. We showed that BFA inhibits HEV replication in a dose‐dependent manner. The use of siRNA and Golgicide A identified GBF1 as a host factor critical...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 7, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rayan Farhat, Maliki Ankavay, Nadjet Lebsir, J érôme Gouttenoire, Catherine L. Jackson, Czeslaw Wychowski, Darius Moradpour, Jean Dubuisson, Yves Rouille, Laurence Cocquerel Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Therapeutic potentials of short interfering RNAs.
Abstract Short interfering RNA (siRNA) is one of the members of the family of RNA interference (RNAi). Coupled with the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), siRNA is able to trigger the cleavage of target RNAs which serve as a defensive system against pathogens. Meanwhile, siRNA in gene silencing opens a new avenue for the treatment of various diseases. SiRNA can effectively inhibit viral infection and replication and suppress tumorigenesis and various inflammation-associated diseases and cardiovascular diseases by inactivation of viral genes and downregulation of oncogene expression. Recently, endogenous siRNAs ...
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - August 8, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tam C, Wong JH, Cheung RCF, Zuo T, Ng TB Tags: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Source Type: research

KNOCKDOWN OF HOST ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE GENES ENHANCES THE EFFECT OF GLUCANTIME ON INTRACELLULAR Leishmania braziliensis IN HUMAN MACROPHAGES.
Abstract Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of people worldwide and represents a major public health problem. Information on protein expression patterns and functional roles within the context of Leishmania-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) under drug treatment conditions are essential to understand the role of these cells in leishmaniasis treatment. We analyzed functional changes in expression of human MDM genes and proteins during in vitro infection by Leishmania braziliensis and treatment with Glucantime (Sb(V)) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) a...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - May 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Téllez J, Romero I, Soares MJ, Steindel M, Romanha AJ Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: research

Aminopeptidase N5 (APN5) as a Putative  Functional Receptor of Cry1Ac Toxin in the Larvae of Athetis lepigone.
Aminopeptidase N5 (APN5) as a Putative Functional Receptor of Cry1Ac Toxin in the Larvae of Athetis lepigone. Curr Microbiol. 2017 Feb 21;: Authors: Wang LY, Gu SH, Nangong ZY, Song P, Wang QY Abstract Athetis lepigone was a new lepidopteran pest and caused severe damage to maize crops in China. We have detected that Cry1Ac protoxin and toxin were highly active against the larvae of A. lepigone. However, there is no report about the mode of action of Bt Cry1Ac toxin against this pest until now. A 110 kDa APN5 protein from BBMV of A. lepigone was identified as the binding receptor of Cry1Ac toxin us...
Source: Current Microbiology - February 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Wang LY, Gu SH, Nangong ZY, Song P, Wang QY Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: research

Orientia tsutsugamushi Ank9 is a multifunctional effector that utilizes a novel GRIP ‐like Golgi localization domain for Golgi‐to‐endoplasmic reticulum trafficking and interacts with host COPB2
This report identifies a novel microbial GLD, links Ank9 to the ability of O. tsutsugamushi to perturb Golgi structure, and describes the first mechanism by which any Orientia effector targets the secretory pathway.
Source: Cellular Microbiology - January 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Andrea R. Beyer, Kyle G. Rodino, Lauren VieBrock, Ryan S. Green, Brittney K. Tegels, Lee D. Oliver, Richard T. Marconi, Jason A. Carlyon Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

SNARE proteins required during Trypanosoma cruzi parasitophorous vacuole development
Abstract Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, is an obligate intracellular parasite that exploits different host vesicular pathways to invade the target cells. Vesicular and target SNAREs are key proteins of the intracellular membrane fusion machinery. During the early times of T. cruzi infection, several vesicles are attracted to the parasite contact sites in the plasma membrane. Fusion of these vesicles promotes the formation of the parasitic vacuole and parasite entry. In this work, we study the requirement and the nature of SNAREs involved in the fusion events which take place during T. cruzi infec...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Juan Agust ín Cueto, María Cristina Vanrell, Betiana Nebaí Salassa, Sébastien Nola, Thierry Galli, María Isabel Colombo, Patricia Silvia Romano Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

A Safe and Sensitive Antiviral Screening Platform Based on Recombinant Human Coronavirus OC43 Expressing the Luciferase Reporter Gene.
Abstract Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause 15-30% of mild upper respiratory tract infections. However, no specific antiviral drugs are available to prevent or treat HCoV infections to date. Here, we developed four infectious recombinant HCoVs-OC43 (rHCoVs-OC43), which express the Renilla luciferase (Rluc) reporter gene. Among these four rHCoVs-OC43, rOC43-ns2DelRluc (generated by replacing ns2 with the Rluc gene) showed robust luciferase activity with only a slight impact on its growth characteristics. Additionally, this recombinant virus remained stable for at least 10 passages in BHK-21 cells. The rOC43-ns2DelRl...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - July 4, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shen L, Yang Y, Ye F, Liu G, Desforges M, Talbot PJ, Tan W Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: research

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans outer membrane protein 29 (Omp29) induces TGF ‐β‐regulated apoptosis signal in human gingival epithelial cells via fibronectin/integrinβ1/FAK cascade
Summary Gingival junctional epithelial cell apoptosis caused by periodontopathic bacteria exacerbates periodontitis. This pathological apoptosis is involved in the activation of transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β). However, the molecular mechanisms by which microbes induce the activation of TGF‐β remain unclear. We previously reported that Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) activated TGF‐β receptor (TGF‐βR)/smad2 signalling to induce epithelial cell apoptosis, even though Aa cannot bind to TGF‐βR. Additionally, outer membrane protein 29 kDa (Omp29), a member of the Aa Omps family, can induce acti...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - June 9, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tetsuya Yoshimoto, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Mikihito Kajiya, Kazuhisa Ouhara, Shinji Matsuda, Hitoshi Komatsuzawa, Hideki Shiba, Hidemi Kurihara Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

A fast and reliable procedure for spore collection from anaerobic fungi: Application for RNA uptake and long-term storage of isolates
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2016 Source:Journal of Microbiological Methods Author(s): Shelby Calkins, Nicole C. Elledge, Radwa A. Hanafy, Mostafa S. Elshahed, Noha Youssef Anaerobic gut fungi (AGF) represent a basal fungal lineage (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) that resides in the rumen and alimentary tracts of herbivores. The AGF reproduce asexually, with a life cycle that involves flagellated zoospores released from zoosporangia followed by encystment, germination and the subsequent development of rhizomycelia. A fast and reliable approach for AGF spore collection is critical not only for development...
Source: Journal of Microbiological Methods - June 8, 2016 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Preparation of Antispermidine/Spermine-N1-Acetyltransferase Monoclonal Antibodies.
Authors: Chen Y, Zhang C Abstract Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) is a catabolic regulator of polyamines, ubiquitous molecules essential for cell proliferation and differentiation. Anti-SSAT antibodies (monoclonal antibodies [mAbs]) of high titer were prepared by immunizing BALB/c mice with multifocal intradermal injections and by fusing high-titer antibody-producing spleen cells with myeloma cells of SP2/0 origin. Four mAbs were selected for further characterization as classes and subclasses. Antibodies were produced by these three clones with high affinities ranging from 10(9) to 10(11) M(-1). The...
Source: Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy - May 28, 2016 Category: Microbiology Tags: Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother Source Type: research

Suppression of duck hepatitis A virus Type 1 replication by lentivirus-mediated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene-specific siRNA
To explore the application of RNAi technology for the control of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1). The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene was amplified by PCR. pEGFP-RdRp was constructed for fusion expression of EGFP-RdRp protein. According to the sequence of RdRp, three gene-specific siRNAs were designed and the corresponding shRNA was inserted into pmiRZip to construct pRdRp-sh...
Source: African Journal of Microbiology Research - May 6, 2016 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Moraxella catarrhalis induces CEACAM3 ‐Syk‐CARD9‐dependent activation of human granulocytes
Summary The human restricted pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis is an important causal agent for exacerbations in chronic obstructive lung disease in adults. In such patients, increased numbers of granulocytes are present in the airways, which correlate with bacteria‐induced exacerbations and severity of the disease. Our study investigated whether the interaction of M. catarrhalis with the human granulocyte‐specific carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM)‐3 is linked to NF‐κB activation, resulting in chemokine production. Granulocytes from healthy donors and NB4 cells were infected with M....
Source: Cellular Microbiology - May 2, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: A. Heinrich, K.  A. Heyl, E. Klaile, M. M. Müller, T. E. Klassert, A. Wiessner, K. Fischer, R. R. Schumann, U. Seifert, K. Riesbeck, A. Moter, B. B. Singer, S. Bachmann, H. Slevogt Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans outer membrane protein 29 (Omp29) induces TGF‐β‐regulated apoptosis signal in human gingival epithelial cells via fibronectin/integrinβ1/FAK cascade.
Abstract Gingival junctional epithelial cell apoptosis caused by periodontopathic bacteria exacerbates periodontitis. This pathological apoptosis is involved in the activation of transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β). However, the molecular mechanisms by which microbes induce the activation of TGF‐β remain unclear. We previously reported that Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) activated TGF‐β receptor (TGF‐βR)/smad2 signaling to induce epithelial cell apoptosis, even though Aa cannot bind to TGF‐βR. Additionally, outer membrane protein 29 kDa (Omp29), a member of the Aa Omps family, can induce acti...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - April 28, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tetsuya Yoshimoto, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Mikihito Kajiya, Kazuhisa Ouhara, Shinji Matsuda, Hitoshi Komatsuzawa, Hideki Shiba, Hidemi Kurihara Tags: Research article Source Type: research

NLRX1 Sequesters STING to Negatively Regulate the Interferon Response, Thereby Facilitating the Replication of HIV-1 and DNA Viruses.
Abstract Understanding the negative regulators of antiviral immune responses will be critical for advancing immune-modulated antiviral strategies. NLRX1, an NLR protein that negatively regulates innate immunity, was previously identified in an unbiased siRNA screen as required for HIV infection. We find that NLRX1 depletion results in impaired nuclear import of HIV-1 DNA in human monocytic cells. Additionally, NLRX1 was observed to reduce type-I interferon (IFN-I) and cytokines in response to HIV-1 reverse-transcribed DNA. NLRX1 sequesters the DNA-sensing adaptor STING from interaction with TANK-binding kinase 1 (...
Source: Cell Host and Microbe - April 12, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Guo H, König R, Deng M, Riess M, Mo J, Zhang L, Petrucelli A, Yoh SM, Barefoot B, Samo M, Sempowski GD, Zhang A, Colberg-Poley AM, Feng H, Lemon SM, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wen H, Zhang Z, Damania B, Tsao LC, Wang Q, Su L, Duncan JA, Chanda SK, Ting JP Tags: Cell Host Microbe Source Type: research