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Total 170 results found since Jan 2013.

cAMP signaling of Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin through the SHP‐1 phosphatase activates the BimEL‐Bax pro‐apoptotic cascade in phagocytes
Summary The adenylate cyclase toxin‐hemolysin (CyaA, ACT or AC‐Hly) plays a key role in virulence of Bordetella pertussis. CyaA penetrates myeloid cells expressing the complement receptor 3 (αMβ2 integrin CD11b/CD18) and subverts bactericidal capacities of neutrophils and macrophages by catalyzing unregulated conversion of cytosolic ATP to the key signaling molecule cAMP. We show that the signaling of CyaA‐produced cAMP hijacks, by an as yet unknown mechanism, the activity of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1 and activates the pro‐apoptotic BimEL‐Bax cascade. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization occurred in human THP...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - September 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jawid Nazir Ahmad, Ondrej Cerny, Irena Linhartova, Jiri Masin, Radim Osicka, Peter Sebo Tags: Research article Source Type: research

Antibacterial effect of mesenchymal stem cells against Escherichia coli is mediated by secretion of beta‐defensin‐2 via toll like receptor 4 signaling
This study was done to elucidate the mechanism underlying the antibacterial effects of MSCs. The growth of E. coli in vitro was significantly inhibited only by MSCs or their conditioned medium with bacterial preconditioning, but not by fibroblasts or their conditioned medium. Microarray analysis identified significant up‐regulation of toll like receptors (TLR)‐2 and TLR‐4, and β‐defensin 2 (BD2) in MSCs compared with fibroblasts after E. coli exposure. The increased BD2 level and the in vitro antibacterial effects of MSCs were abolished by specific antagonist or by siRNA‐mediated knockdown of TLR‐4, but not TL...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - September 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dong Kyung Sung, Yun Sil Chang, Se In Sung, Hye Soo Yoo, So Yoon Ahn, Won Soon Park Tags: Research article Source Type: research

Molecular insights into a tetraspanin in the hydatid tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus
Conclusions: This is the first report characterizing a tetraspanin from the tapeworm E. granulosus. Our results suggest that Eg-TSP1 is associated with biogenesis of the tegument and maintenance of structural integrity of E. granulosus and could therefore be a candidate intervention target for control of hydatid disease.
Source: Parasites and Vectors - June 10, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dandan HuXingju SongYue XieXiuqin ZhongNing WangYu ZhengXiaobin GuTao WangXuerong PengGuangyou Yang Source Type: research

Effect of small interfering RNA against Paracin 1.7 bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus paracasei HD1‐7
In this study, the effect of siRNA on the expression of the most important proteins in the production of Paracin 1.7, sensor kinase (prcK) and response regulator (prcR), was investigated. SiRNA were designed against prcK and prcR, and qRT‐PCR was performed to examine the expression of prcK and prcR mRNA. The efficacy of siRNA was determined by comparing the level of antimicrobial activity of the strains. qRT‐PCR showed that siRNA‐K4 and siRNA‐K5 significantly inhibited the expression of prcK mRNA, and siRNA‐R4 and siRNA‐R6 significantly inhibited the expression of prcR mRNA. The proteins levels and antibacteria...
Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology - May 22, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jingping Ge, Yang Wang, Dongni Gao, Wenxiang Ping Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

E‐selectin expression induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis in human endothelial cells via Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptors‐ and Toll‐like receptors
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Oral Microbiology and Immunology - May 5, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Meng Wan, Jian Ru Liu, Di Wu, Xiao Pei Chi, Xiang Ying Ouyang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

FOXO responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in epithelial cells
In this study we show that P. gingivalis infection induces the dephosphorylation and activation of FOXO1, 3, and 4 in gingival epithelial cells. In addition, immunofluorescence showed that FOXO1 accumulated in the nucleus of P. gingivalis‐infected cells. Quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) demonstrated that transcription of genes involved in protection against oxidative stress (Cat, Sod2, Prdx3), inflammatory responses (IL1β), and anti‐apoptosis (Bcl‐6) was induced by P. gingivalis, and siRNA‐mediated knockdown of FOXO1 suppressed the transcriptional activation of these genes. P. gingivalis‐induced secretion of IL...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - May 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Qian Wang, Maryta Sztukowska, Akintunde Ojo, David A. Scott, Huizhi Wang, Richard J. Lamont Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Caspase-3-independent apoptotic pathways contribute to interleukin-32¿-mediated control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in THP-1 cells
Conclusions: The anti-MTB effects of IL-32γ are mediated through classical caspase-3-dependent apoptosis as well as caspase-3-independent apoptosis.
Source: BMC Microbiology - February 21, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: Xiyuan BaiWilliam KinneyWen-Lin SuAn BaiAlida OvrutskyJennifer HondaMihai NeteaMarcela Henao-TamayoDiane OrdwayCharles DinarelloEdward Chan Source Type: research

Nodamura virus B2 amino terminal domain sensitivity to small interfering RNA
ABSTRACT Nodamura virus (NoV) B2, a suppressor of RNA interference (RNAi), binds double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) corresponding to Dicer substrates and products. Here, we report that the amino terminal domain of NoV B2 (NoV B2 79) specifically binds siRNAs but not dsRNAs. NoV B2 79 oligomerizes on binding to 27 nucleotide siRNA. Mutation of the residues phenylalanine49 and alanine60 to cysteine and methionine, respectively enhances the RNA binding affinity of NoV B2 79. Circular dichroism spectra demonstrate similar secondary structure conformations between the wild type and mutant NoV B2 79.
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - February 1, 2015 Category: Microbiology Authors: P Shaik Syed Ali, Jasmine John, Manikandan Selvaraj, Teh Lay Kek, Mohd Zaki Salleh Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Chlamydia pneumoniae effector chlamydial outer protein N sequesters fructose bisphosphate aldolase A, providing a benefit to bacterial growth
Conclusions: We discovered that one of the C. pneumoniae CopN targets is the glycolytic enzyme aldolase A. Sequestering aldolase A may be beneficial to bacterial growth in infected host cells.
Source: BMC Microbiology - December 21, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kasumi IshidaJunji MatsuoYoshimasa YamamotoHiroyuki Yamaguchi Source Type: research

Bacillus anthracis genomic DNA enhances lethal toxin¿induced cytotoxicity through TNF-¿ production
Conclusions: Our results suggest that B. anthracis DNA may contribute to anthrax pathogenesis by enhancing LT activity via TLR9-mediated TNF-? production.
Source: BMC Microbiology - December 4, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jun JeonYeon KimMin ChoiKyung KimHae-Ri LeeJeyoun JangYu-Ri KimJeong-Hoon ChunSeong EoTae KimGi-eun Rhie Source Type: research

Differential regulation of interleukin-8 and human beta-defensin 2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa -infected intestinal epithelial cells
Conclusions: The P. aeruginosa-induced antimicrobial peptide in IECs continuously protect the host against prolonged infection, while modulation of proinflammatory responses prevents the host from the detrimental effects of overwhelming inflammation. Thus, P. aeruginosa-induced innate immunity in IECs represents a host protective mechanism, which may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Source: BMC Microbiology - November 30, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Fu-Chen Huang Source Type: research

Antiviral effects of inhibiting host gene expression.
Authors: Tripp RA, Mark Tompkins S Abstract RNA interference (RNAi) has been used to probe the virus-host interface to understand the requirements for host-gene expression needed for virus replication. The availability of arrayed siRNA libraries has enabled a genome-scale, high-throughput analysis of gene pathways usurped for virus replication. Results from these and related screens have led to the discovery of new host factors that regulate virus replication. While effective delivery continues to limit development of RNAi-based drugs, RNAi-based genome discovery has led to identification of druggable targets. Thes...
Source: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology - November 12, 2014 Category: Microbiology Tags: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol Source Type: research

Molecular methods to investigate adhesion, transmigration, invasion and intracellular survival of the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni
Publication date: October 2013 Source:Journal of Microbiological Methods, Volume 95, Issue 1 Author(s): Steffen Backert , Dirk Hofreuter Campylobacter jejuni is a spiral-shaped Gram-negative pathogen and major agent of gastrointestinal foodborne illness in humans worldwide. This pathogen encodes numerous described pathogenicity-associated factors involved in important processes including bacterial adhesion to, transmigration across, invasion into and intracellular survival within intestinal epithelial cells. This review article highlights various molecular techniques applied in the studies of each of these individual ste...
Source: Journal of Microbiological Methods - November 4, 2014 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Carboxymefloquine, the major metabolite of antimalarial drug mefloquine, induces drug metabolizing enzyme and transporter expression by activation of pregnane X receptor.
Abstract Malaria patients are frequently co-infected with HIV and mycobacteria causing tuberculosis, which increases the co-administration of drugs and thereby enhances the risk of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) by xenobiotics, including many drugs, induces drug metabolism and transport, thereby possibly resulting in attenuation or loss of the therapeutic response of drugs being co-administered. While several artemisinin-type antimalarial drugs have been shown to activate PXR, data on non-artemisinin-type antimalarials are still missing. Therefore this study aims to...
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - October 13, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Piedade R, Traub S, Bitter A, Nüssler AK, Gil JP, Schwab M, Burk O Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: research

Shigella subverts the host recycling compartment to rupture its vacuole.
Abstract Shigella enters epithlial cells via internalization into a vacuole. Subsequent vacuolar membrane rupture allows bacterial escape into the cytosol for replication and cell-to-cell spread. Bacterial effectors such as IpgD, a PI(4,5)P2 phosphatase that generates PI(5)P and alters host actin, facilitate this internalization. Here, we identify host proteins involved in Shigella uptake and vacuolar membrane rupture by high-content siRNA screening and subsequently focus on Rab11, a constituent of the recycling compartment. Rab11-positive vesicles are recruited to the invasion site before vacuolar rupture, and Ra...
Source: Cell Host and Microbe - October 8, 2014 Category: Microbiology Authors: Mellouk N, Weiner A, Aulner N, Schmitt C, Elbaum M, Shorte SL, Danckaert A, Enninga J Tags: Cell Host Microbe Source Type: research