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Hypothermia Promotes Mitochondrial Elongation In Cardiac Cells Via Inhibition Of Drp1
In conclusion hypothermia promoted elongation of cardiac mitochondria via reduced pDrp1S616 abundance which was also associated with suppression of cellular oxygen consumption. Silencing of TRPV1 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes reproduced the morphological and respirometric phenotype of hypothermia. This report demonstrates a novel mechanism of cold-induced inhibition of mitochondrial fission.PMID:34331901 | DOI:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.07.013
Source: Cryobiology - July 31, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: David Taylor Juliana Germano Yang Song Hanane Hadj-Moussa Stefanie Marek-Iannucci Raeesa Dhanji Jon Sin Lawrence S C Czer Kenneth B Storey Roberta A Gottlieb Source Type: research

Activation of Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II (CaMKII) with Lidocaine Provokes Pyroptosis of Glioblastoma Cells
The study examines the problem whether pyroptosis of U87-MG glioblastoma cells can result from activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) by a local anesthetic. Glioblastoma cells exposed to various concentrations of typical local anesthetic lidocaine demonstrated augmented cytosolic flux of Ca2+, while suppression of CaMKII expression with the corresponding siRNA significantly inhibited this effect in cells treated with 2 mM lidocaine. Lidocaine up-regulated the expression of mRNA caspase-3 and gasdermin GSDME proteins, whereas silencing of CaMKII gene with siRNA significantly moderated this effect...
Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - July 24, 2021 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 by celastrol alleviates oxidative stress and vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease
Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Jun 23:S0891-5849(21)00385-3. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.020. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTVascular calcification is very commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but there is no efficient therapy available. Oxidative stress plays critical roles in the progression of vascular calcification. Celastrol (Cel), a natural constituent derived from Chinese herbals, exhibits anti-oxidative stress activity. Here, we investigated the effect of celastrol on vascular calcification using vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), arterial rings and CKD rats. Alizarin red staining ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - June 26, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Xiulin Yang An Chen Qingchun Liang Qianqian Dong Mingwei Fu Xiaoyu Liu Siyi Wang Yining Li Yuanzhi Ye Zirong Lan Jing-Song Ou Lihe Lu Jianyun Yan Source Type: research

Melatonin induces mitochondrial apoptosis in osteoblasts by regulating the STIM1/cytosolic calcium elevation/ERK pathway
This study aimed to determine the mechanism by which melatonin inhibits the proliferation of osteoblasts.Main methodsCell viability experiment, DNA fragment detection and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays were performed to determine the effects of melatonin on the proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of osteoblasts. We used immunofluorescence to detect the expression of STIM1 in melatonin-treated osteoblasts. STIM1 interference was achieved using a specific siRNA, and a TRPC inhibitor was used to block the influx of Ca2+. The mRNA expression was determined by RT-qPCR, and protein levels were measured by We...
Source: Life Sciences - February 21, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research

A stress response p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB202190 promoted TFEB/TFE3-dependent autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis independent of p38
Publication date: Available online 28 January 2020Source: Redox BiologyAuthor(s): Chuanbin Yang, Zhou Zhu, Benjamin Chun-Kit Tong, Ashok Iyaswamy, Wen-Jian Xie, Yu Zhu, Sravan Gopalkrishnashetty Sreenivasmurthy, Krishnamoorthi Senthilkumar, King-Ho Cheung, Ju-Xian Song, Hong-Jie Zhang, Min LiAbstractTFEB (transcription factor EB) and TFE3 (transcription factor E3) are “master regulators” of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. The stress response p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases affects multiple intracellular responses including inflammation, cell growth, differentiation, cell death, senescence, tumorigenesis...
Source: Redox Biology - January 29, 2020 Category: Biology Source Type: research

CC chemokine receptor 2 functions in osteoblastic transformation of valvular interstitial cells
Publication date: Available online 26 April 2019Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Enyi Zhu, Zihao Liu, Wanbing He, Bingqing Deng, Xiaorong Shu, Zhijian He, Xiaoying Wu, Xiao Ke, Ruqiong NieAbstractAimsCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) emerges as a challenging clinical issue, which is associated with high cardiovascular mortality. It has been demonstrated that osteoblastic transformation of AVICs is a key mechanism of CAVD and C-C motif chemokine receptors (CCRs) may favor this process. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether CCRs were involved in osteoblastic transformation of AVICs during the development CAVD.Main methodsW...
Source: Life Sciences - April 28, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

The Cadherin-Catenin Complex is Necessary for Cell Adhesion and Embryogenesis in Nematostella vectensis.
Abstract The cadherin-catenin complex is a conserved, calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion module that is necessary for normal development and the maintenance of tissue integrity in bilaterian animals. Despite longstanding evidence of a deep ancestry of calcium-dependent cell adhesion in animals, the requirement of the cadherin-catenin complex to coordinate cell-cell adhesion has not been tested directly in a non-bilaterian organism. Here, we provide the first analysis of classical cadherins and catenins in the Starlet Sea Anemone, Nematostella vectensis. Gene expression, protein localization, siRNA-mediated knock...
Source: Developmental Biology - January 7, 2019 Category: Biology Authors: Nathaniel Clarke D, Lowe CJ, James Nelson W Tags: Dev Biol Source Type: research

Inhibiting Inflammation and Modulating Oxidative Stress in Oxalate-Induced Nephrolithiasis with the Nrf2 Activator Dimethyl Fumarate.
This study aimed to investigate whether nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2, also called Nfe2l2) induced by dimethyl fumarate (DMF) could protect renal epithelial cells against oxalate-mediated injury both in vivo and in vitro. Glyoxylic acid monohydrate was intraperitoneally injected into Sprague-Dawley rats with or without intragastric administration of DMF. We showed that calcium oxalate crystallisation, accompanied by overexpression of oxidant species and inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in the rat kidney, was partially reversed by treatment with DMF. Furthermore, oxalate induced a reduction in cell v...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - December 29, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Zhu J, Wang Q, Li C, Lu Y, Hu H, Qin B, Xun Y, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Wang S Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Altered expression of the core circadian clock component PERIOD2 contributes to osteoarthritis-like changes in chondrocyte activity.
Abstract In osteoarthritis, chondrocytes undergo a phenotype shift characterised by reduced expression of SOX9 (sry-box 9) and increased production of cartilage-degrading enzymes, e.g. MMP13 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) and ADAMTS5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5). The chondrocyte clock is also altered. Specifically, the peak level of PER2 is elevated, but peak level of BMAL1 reduced in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether increased PER2 expression causes disease-associated changes in chondrocyte activity and to identify whether known ri...
Source: Chronobiology International - November 7, 2018 Category: Biology Authors: Rong J, Zhu M, Munro J, Cornish J, McCarthy GM, Dalbeth N, Poulsen RC Tags: Chronobiol Int Source Type: research

A mannose receptor is involved in the anti-Vibrio defense of red swamp crayfish
Publication date: Available online 9 August 2018Source: Fish & Shellfish ImmunologyAuthor(s): Xin Man, Xin-Tong Pan, Hong-Wei Zhang, Yue Wang, Xin-Cang Li, Xiao-Wen ZhangAbstractMannose receptor (MR), a member of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), is the first MR family member to be discovered that plays a critical role in immunity. The function of MRs has been reported in mammals and teleosts while none in invertebrates. In the present study, we identified a MR-like gene (designated as PcMR) from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. The PcMR cDNA is 6848 bp long with a 6288 bp open reading frame that encodes a poly...
Source: Fish and Shellfish Immunology - August 10, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Role of canonical transient receptor potential channel-3 in acetylcholine-induced mouse airway smooth muscle cell proliferation
Publication date: Available online 9 August 2017 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Xiao-Xu Chen, Jia-Hua Zhang, Bin-Hua Pan, Hui-Li Ren, Xiu-Ling Feng, Jia-Ling Wang, Jun-Hua Xiao Aims Canonical transient receptor potential channel-3 (TRPC3)-encoded Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel (NSCC) has been proven to be an important native constitutively active channel in airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC), which plays significant roles in physiological and pathological conditions by controlling Ca2+ homeostasis in ASMC. Acetylcholine (ACh) is generally accepted as a contractile parasympathetic neurotransmitter in the airway....
Source: Life Sciences - August 9, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research