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Specialty: Orthopaedics

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Total 95 results found since Jan 2013.

Histone deacetylase 4 alters cartilage homeostasis in human osteoarthritis
Conclusions: In this study, our findings suggest that the abnormal expression of HDAC4 in osteoarthritic cartilage might be implicated in promoting catabolic activity of chondrocyte, which is associated with OA pathogenesis. Thus, our findings give a new insight into the mechanism of articular cartilage damage, and indicate that HDAC4 might be a potential target for the therapeutic interventions of OA.
Source: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders - December 17, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jingwei LuYe SunQiting GeHuajian TengQing Jiang Source Type: research

Increased RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis by interleukin-1β and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Conclusions Osteoclastogenesis by IL-1β and/or ER stress is mainly associated with upregulation of eIF2α, GRP78, PERK and IRE1. These results suggest that the signaling pathway of ER stress-induced osteoclast formation might be a new therapeutic target to prevent inflammatory and destructive arthritic disease such as RA and diverse osteoporosis.
Source: Joint Bone Spine - December 12, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Connexin43 enhances the expression of osteoarthritis-associated genes in synovial fibroblasts in culture
Conclusions: Increasing or decreasing Cx43 expression alone was sufficient to alter the levels of catabolic and inflammatory genes expressed by synovial cells. The NFkappaB cascade mediated the effect of Cx43 on the expression of a subset of these OA-associated genes. As such, Cx43 may be involved in joint pathology during OA, and targeting Cx43 expression or function may be a viable therapeutic strategy to attenuate the catabolic and inflammatory environment of the joint during OA.
Source: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders - December 11, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Aditi GuptaCorinne NigerAtum BuoEric EidelmanRichard ChenJoseph Stains Source Type: research

Cationic Nanogel-mediated Runx2 and Osterix siRNA Delivery Decreases Mineralization in MC3T3 Cells.
CONCLUSIONS: Although mRNA and protein knockdown were confirmed as a result of RNAi treatments against Runx2 and Osx, complete elimination of mineralization processes was not achieved. RNAi targeting mid- and late-stage osteoblast differentiation markers such as ALP, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein) may produce the desired RNAi-nanogel nanostructured polymer HO prophylaxis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Successful HO prophylaxis should target and silence osteogenic markers critical for heterotopic bone formation processes. The identification of such markers, beyond RUNX2 and OSX, may enhance the effectiveness of...
Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research - December 2, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Shrivats AR, Hsu E, Averick S, Klimak M, Watt AC, DeMaio M, Matyjaszewski K, Hollinger JO Tags: Clin Orthop Relat Res Source Type: research

Role of the parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R) as a mechanosensor in osteocyte survival
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research - December 1, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Marta Maycas, Juan A. Ardura, Luis Fernández de Castro, Beatriz Bravo, Arancha R. Gortázar, Pedro Esbrit Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Down-regulated expression of vimentin induced by mechanical stress in fibroblasts derived from patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Conclusion The down-regulation of vimentin induced by mechanical stress plays an important role in the progression of OPLL through the induction of osteogenic differentiation in OPLL cells.
Source: European Spine Journal - October 30, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

The effect of noggin interference in a rabbit posterolateral spinal fusion model
Conclusions Early noggin suppression does not appear to enhance the BMP activity sufficiently to significantly affect final fusion rates in our model.
Source: European Spine Journal - October 30, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Functional analyses reveal the essential role of SOX6 and RUNX2 in the communication of chondrocyte and osteoblast
Conclusions Our study first reveals that SOX6 and RUNX2 play important roles in the chondrogenesis–osteogenesis coordination. This finding enriches the limited understanding about this coordination and unravels the novel function of SOX6 and RUNX2 in the endochondral ossification.
Source: Osteoporosis International - September 12, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

MicroRNA Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Chondrosarcoma Cells.
CONCLUSIONS: miR-181a is a hypoxia-regulated microRNA that is overexpressed in chondrosarcoma and enhances VEGF expression, an effect that could be inhibited by anti-miR-181a. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Systemic treatment options for chondrosarcoma are limited. Antiangiogenic strategies could potentially be effective in limiting tumor progression. One method of inhibiting VEGF expression and associated angiogenesis could be an antagomir-based therapy targeted at miR-181a or other oncogenic microRNAs, although methods of systemic delivery are still under development. The effectiveness of antagomirs also needs to be compared w...
Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research - August 9, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Sun X, Wei L, Chen Q, Terek RM Tags: Clin Orthop Relat Res Source Type: research

Anabolic Bone Formation Via a Site Specific Bone Targeting Delivery System by Interfering with Semaphorin 4D Expression
Abstract Recently semaphorins have been targeted as new molecules directly implicated in the cell‐cell communication that occurs between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Over‐expression of certain semaphorins such as semaphorin4D (sema4D) is found in an osteoporotic phenotype and plays a key role in osteoclast activity by suppressing osteoblast maturation, thus significantly altering the bone modelling cycle. In the present study, we fabricate a site‐specific bone‐targeting drug delivery system from polymeric nanoparticles with the incorporation of siRNA interference molecule for sema4D and demonstrate their cellular u...
Source: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research - August 4, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Yufeng Zhang, Lingfei Wei, Richard J. Miron, Bin Shi, Zhuan Bian Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Involvement of ERCC1 in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis through the modulation of apoptosis and cellular senescence
In this study we investigated the function of ERCC1 in chondrocytes and its association with the pathophysiology of OA. ERCC1 expression in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage was assessed, as were changes in ERCC1 expression in chondrocytes under catabolic stress. Inhibiting ERCC1 in chondrocytes under interleukin‐1β stimulation using small interfering RNA (siRNA) was also evaluated. Finally, cellular senescence and apoptosis were examined in relation to ERCC1 function. ERCC1 expression was decreased in OA cartilage and increased within 4 h of exposure to interleukin (IL)‐1β, but decreased after 12 h. The inhibi...
Source: Journal of Orthopaedic Research - June 25, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Koji Takayama, Yohei Kawakami, Sahnghoon Lee, Nick Greco, Mitra Lavasani, Yutaka Mifune, James H. Cummins, Takashi Yurube, Ryosuke Kuroda, Masahiro Kurosaka, Freddie H. Fu, Johnny Huard Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Effective knock down of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 by an intra‐articular injection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in a murine surgically‐induced osteoarthritis model
This study investigated the effect of MMP‐13 gene knock down on cartilage degradation by injecting small interfering RNA (siRNA) into knee joints in a mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA). OA was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. Change of Mmp13 expression over time was determined by qPCR analysis from 3 days to 6 weeks after surgery. Mmp13 and control chemically modified siRNA were injected into the knee joint 1 week after surgery and expression levels were assessed in synovium by qPCR 48 h later. Cartilage degradation was histologically assessed 8 weeks after DMM surgery ...
Source: Journal of Orthopaedic Research - May 23, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Ryuichiro Akagi, Takahisa Sasho, Masahiko Saito, Jun Endo, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Yuta Muramatsu, Shunsuke Mukoyama, Yorikazu Akatsu, Joe Katsuragi, Taisuke Fukawa, Kazuhisa Takahashi Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Conclusion: HBO treatment increased osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via regulating Wnt processing, secretion, and signaling.
Source: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders - February 25, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Song-Shu LinSteve UengChi-Chien NiuLi-Jen YuanChuen-Yung YangWen-Jer ChenMel LeeJan-Kan Chen Source Type: research

Proteomic Identification of 14‐3‐3ϵ as a Linker Protein Between pERK1/2 Inhibition and BIM Upregulation in Human Osteosarcoma Cells
We examined the expression of Bim after silencing 14‐3‐3ϵ using siRNA. The 14‐3‐3ϵ gene silencing resulted in downregulation of Bim expression after PD98059 treatment. These data indicate that 14‐3‐3ϵ is required for Bim expression and that it has an anti‐cancer effect under pERK1/2 inhibition in 143B cells. By playing an essential role upstream of Bim, 14‐3‐3ϵ may potentially be a coadjuvant factor synergizing the effect of pERK1/2 inhibitors in addition to conventional cytotoxic agents for more effective osteosarcoma treatments. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Source: Journal of Orthopaedic Research - February 17, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Kyung Ok Kim, Anny C. Hsu, Heon Goo Lee, Neel Patel, Chandhanarat Chandhanayingyong, Thomas Hickernell, Francis Young‐In Lee Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

PTEN regulates matrix synthesis in adult human chondrocytes under oxidative stress
ABSTRACT Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was identified as an important tumor suppressor gene. PTEN functions as a negative regulator of phosphoinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)‐Akt and MEK/ERK signaling. The PI3K‐Akt pathway is critical for cell survival, differentiation, and matrix synthesis. Oxidative stress is considered a critical factor in the onset and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, we investigated the function of PTEN in OA chondrocytes under oxidative stress. Chondrocytes were treated with insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and/or tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (...
Source: Journal of Orthopaedic Research - October 24, 2013 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Kenjiro Iwasa, Shinya Hayashi, Takaaki Fujishiro, Noriyuki Kanzaki, Shingo Hashimoto, Shuhei Sakata, Nobuaki Chinzei, Takayuki Nishiyama, Ryosuke Kuroda, Masahiro Kurosaka Tags: Research Article Source Type: research