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Condition: Brain Tumor

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Total 810 results found since Jan 2013.

Involvement of midkine in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis
Summary Midkine is highly expressed in various cancers, including neuroblastoma, one of the most malignant pediatric solid tumors, and it has been shown to be useful as a tumor marker, a prognosis factor, and a target of molecular therapy. In order to establish a midkine‐targetting therapy, several molecular tools (e.g., siRNA, antibodies, and RNA aptamer) have been used. In neuroblastoma, the involvement of midkine in tumorigenesis has been revealed in vivo by model mice, and its targetting by RNA aptamer has been shown to be effective toward xenografted tumors. Chemoresistance is one of the notable phenotypes regulated...
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - October 7, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: S Kishida, K Kadomatsu Tags: Review Article – Midkine Themed Issue Source Type: research

Silencing of Hsp27 and Hsp72 in glioma cells as a tool for programmed cell death induction upon temozolomide and quercetin treatment.
Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate whether silencing of Hsp27 or Hsp72 expression in glioblastoma multiforme T98G and anaplastic astrocytoma MOGGCCM cells increase their sensitivity to programmed cell death induction upon temozolomide and /or quercetin treatment. Transfection with specific siRNA was performed for the Hsp gene silencing. As revealed by microscopic observation and flow cytometry, the inhibition of Hsp expression was correlated with severe apoptosis induction upon the drug treatment studied. No signs of autophagy were detected. This was correlated with a decreased mitochondrial ...
Source: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology - October 11, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Jakubowicz-Gil J, Langner E, Bądziul D, Wertel I, Rzeski W Tags: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Source Type: research

Nox4 redox regulation of PTP1B contributes to the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells by modulating tyrosine-phosphorylation of coronin-1C.
In this study, we demonstrated that silencing of Nox4 expression by Nox4-targeted siRNA suppressed cell growth and motility of glioblastoma U87 cells, indicating the involvement of Nox4. Furthermore, Nox4-derived ROS oxidized and inactivated protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP):1B: PTP1B in its active form downregulates cell proliferation and migration. By affinity purification with the substrate-trapping mutant of PTP1B, tyrosine-phosphorylated coronin-1C was identified as a substrate of PTP1B. Its tyrosine phosphorylation level was suppressed by Nox4 inhibition, suggesting that tyrosine-phosphorylation of coronin-1C is reg...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - November 13, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Mondol AS, Tonks NK, Kamata T Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

PID1 (NYGGF4), a new growth-inhibitory gene in embryonal brain tumors and gliomas.
CONCLUSIONS: These data are the first to link PID1 to cancer and suggest that PID1 may have a tumor inhibitory function in these pediatric and adult brain tumors. PMID: 24300787 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Cancer Research - December 3, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Erdreich-Epstein A, Robison N, Ren X, Zhou H, Xu J, Davidson TB, Schur M, Gilles FH, Ji L, Malvar J, Shackleford GM, Margol A, Krieger MD, Judkins AR, Jones DT, Pfister SM, Kool M, Sposto R, Asgharzadeh S Tags: Clin Cancer Res Source Type: research

Expression of far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1 in human glioma is correlated with c‐Myc and cell proliferation
Abstract Glioma is one of the most common type of primary intracranial tumor. Although great advances have been achieved in treatment of glioma, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Previous studies demonstrated that FBP1 is a transcriptional regulator of c‐Myc and acts as an important prognostic indicator in many cancers. Our study aimed to assess the expression and function of FBP1 in human glioma. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis were performed in human glioma and normal brain tissues. High FBP1 expression (located in cell nuclei) was observed in 70 samples and its level was correla...
Source: Molecular Carcinogenesis - December 17, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Zongmei Ding, Xiancheng Liu, Yonghua Liu, Jianguo Zhang, Xianting Huang, Xiaojing Yang, Li Yao, Gang Cui, Donglin Wang Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

PLD2, Akt, and Autophagy in Glioma Lipids
In this report, we show that the lipid-metabolizing enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) is a novel regulator of Akt in GBM. Studies using a combination of small molecule PLD inhibitors and siRNA knockdowns establish phosphatidic acid, the product of the PLD reaction, as an essential component for the membrane recruitment and activation of Akt. Inhibition of PLD enzymatic activity and subsequent Akt activation decreases GBM cell viability by specifically inhibiting autophagic flux. We propose a mechanism whereby phosphorylation of beclin1 by Akt prevents binding of Rubicon (RUN domain cysteine-rich domain containing beclin1-intera...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 10, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Bruntz, R. C., Taylor, H. E., Lindsley, C. W., Brown, H. A. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

Low-voltage-activated T-type Ca(2+) channel inhibitors as new tools in the treatment of glioblastoma: the role of endostatin.
Abstract Ca(2+) plays a key role in intracellular signaling and controls various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, cell growth, death, and apoptosis. Aberrant changes in intracellular Ca(2+) levels can promote undesired cell proliferation and migration and are therefore associated with certain tumor types. Many research groups have suggested a potential role for voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in the regulation of tumor growth and progression, particularly T-type channels due to their unique biophysical properties. T-type channels are expressed in normal tissues throughout the body and in di...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - January 10, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Zhang Y, Wang H, Qian Z, Feng B, Zhao X, Jiang X, Tao J Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

FOXC2 Often Overexpressed in Glioblastoma Enhances Proliferation and Invasion in Glioblastoma Cells.
This study found that FOXC2 was overexpressed in GBM cell lines and GBM tissues. The proliferation and invasive potential of GBM cells were significantly increased by ectopic expression of FOXC2 but significantly decreased by RNA interference targeting FOXC2. EGFR expression was modulated by FOXC2 both in mRNA and protein levels. EGFR inhibition by siRNA reversed the FOXC2-induced proliferation and invasion. These findings suggested that FOXC2 expressed in GBM has a function in GBM cell proliferation and invasion and may be partly associated with the EGFR overexpression. PMID: 24406047 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Oncology Research - January 15, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Li W, Fu X, Liu R, Wu C, Bai J, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Xu Y Tags: Oncol Res Source Type: research

Involvement of midkine in neuroblastoma tumourigenesis
This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐4
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - January 24, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: S Kishida, K Kadomatsu Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

SEL1L siRNA Enhances the Cytotoxic Effects of VPA Molecular Bases of Disease
Valproic acid (VPA), an histone deacetylase inhibitor, is emerging as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatments of gliomas by virtue of its ability to reactivate the expression of epigenetically silenced genes. VPA induces the unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive pathway displaying a dichotomic yin yang characteristic; it initially contributes in safeguarding the malignant cell survival, whereas long-lasting activation favors a proapoptotic response. By triggering UPR, VPA might tip the balance between cellular adaptation and programmed cell death via the deregulation of protein homeostasis and induction of ...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 31, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Cattaneo, M., Baronchelli, S., Schiffer, D., Mellai, M., Caldera, V., Saccani, G. J., Dalpra, L., Daga, A., Orlandi, R., DeBlasio, P., Biunno, I. Tags: Neurobiology Source Type: research

miR‐193b promotes cell proliferation by targeting Smad3 in human glioma
In conclusion, these results suggest that miR‐193b regulated cell growth in glioma through the TGF‐β pathway by regulating Smad3. Thus, our study indicates that miR‐193b promotes cell proliferation by targeting Smad3 in human glioma, which may serve as a potentially useful target for development of miRNA‐based therapies in the future. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - February 5, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Qisheng Zhong, Tongli Wang, Peigang Lu, Rongwei Zhang, Jianan Zou, Shaoji Yuan Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

CXCL12-induced upregulation of FOXM1 expression promotes human glioblastoma cell invasion.
In this study, we demonstrate that CXCL12 increases the production of FOXM1 by binding to CXCR4 in GBM cell lines. Furthermore, pretreatment with an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway abrogated the CXCL12-induced expression of FOXM1. In addition, there was a positive correlation between CXCL12/CXCR4 expression and FOXM1 expression in human malignant glioma tissues. Finally, a functional assay revealed that CXCL12 does not stimulate GBM cell invasion when FOXM1 expressionis silenced using a small interfering RNA (siRNA). Collectively, these findings suggest that CXCL12 promotes GBM cell invasion in part byincreasing the expr...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - February 19, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang S, Zhang S, Li J, Xu X, Weng Y, Zheng M, Ouyang L, Li F Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Increased paired box transcription factor 8 has a survival function in Glioma
Conclusions: PAX8 is increased in the majority of glioblastomas and promoted cell survival. Because PAX8 is absent in normal brain tissue, it may be a promising therapeutic target pathway for treating aggressive gliomas.
Source: BMC Cancer - March 6, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Noelyn HungYu-Jen ChenAhmad TahaMagnus OlivecronaRonald BoetAnna WilesTracy WarrAlisha ShawRamona EiholzerBruce BaguleyMichael EcclesAntony BraithwaiteMartin MacFarlaneJanice RoydsTania Slatter Source Type: research

Integrated genomic analysis identifies the mitotic checkpoint kinase WEE1 as a novel therapeutic target in medulloblastoma
Conclusions: Taken together, these findings highlight mitotic kinases and, in particular, WEE1 as a rational therapeutic target for medulloblastoma.
Source: Molecular Cancer - March 24, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Peter HarrisSujatha VenkataramanIrina AlimovaDiane BirksIlango BalakrishnanBrian CristianoAndrew DonsonAdrian DubucMichael TaylorNicholas ForemanPhilip ReiganRajeev Vibhakar Source Type: research

Prolongation of Life in Rats with Malignant Glioma by Intranasal siRNA/Drug Codelivery to the Brain with Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Modified Micelles
Molecular PharmaceuticsDOI: 10.1021/mp400644e
Source: Molecular Pharmaceutics - April 16, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Takanori Kanazawa, Kazuki Morisaki, Shohei Suzuki and Yuuki Takashima Source Type: research