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Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates fungal keratitis by limiting fungal growth and inhibiting pyroptosis
CONCLUSION: DMF limits fungal growth by suppressing biofilm formation, conidial adherence and respiratory metabolism. It also exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on fungal keratitis by inhibiting pyroptosis, which could be regulated by Nrf2. Our results suggest that DMF plays a therapeutic role in fungal keratitis.PMID:36641891 | DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109721
Source: International Immunopharmacology - January 15, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lingwen Gu Jing Lin Qian Wang Lina Zhang Min Yin Hao Lin Hengrui Zheng Guiqiu Zhao Cui Li Source Type: research

Probiotic-Based Bacteriocin: Immunity Supplementation Against Viruses. An Updated Review
Viral infections are a major cause of severe, fatal diseases worldwide. Recently, these infections have increased due to demanding contextual circumstances, such as environmental changes, increased migration of people and product distribution, rapid demographic changes, and outbreaks of novel viruses, including the COVID-19 outbreak. Internal variables that influence viral immunity have received attention along with these external causes to avert such novel viral outbreaks. The gastrointestinal microbiome (GIM), particularly the present probiotics, plays a vital role in the host immune system by mediating host protective i...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - July 26, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The < i > Aedes aegypti < /i > siRNA pathway mediates broad-spectrum defense against human pathogenic viruses and modulates antibacterial and antifungal defenses
by Yuemei Dong, Shengzhang Dong, Nahid Borhani Dizaji, Natalie Rutkowski, Tyler Pohlenz, Kevin Myles, George Dimopoulos The mosquito’s innate immune system defends against a variety of pathogens, and the conserved siRNA pathway plays a central role in the control of viral infections. Here, we show that transgenic overexpression of Dicer2 (Dcr2) orR2d2 resulted in an accumulation of 21-nucleotide viral sequences that was accompanied by a significant suppression of dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) replication, thus indicating the broad-spectrum antiviral response mediated by the siRNA ...
Source: PLoS Biology: Archived Table of Contents - June 9, 2022 Category: Biology Authors: Yuemei Dong Source Type: research

GSDMD, an executor of pyroptosis, is involved in IL-1 β secretion in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis.
GSDMD, an executor of pyroptosis, is involved in IL-1β secretion in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. Exp Eye Res. 2020 Dec 03;:108375 Authors: Zhao W, Yang H, Lyu L, Zhang J, Xu Q, Jiang N, Liu G, Wang L, Yan H, Che C Abstract The protein GSDMD is an important performer of pyroptosis and a universal substrate for the inflammatory caspase. However, the role and regulatory mechanism of GSDMD in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis is remains unknown. Here we detected GSDMD protein in the cornea of normal and fungal-infected C57BL/6 mice. Human corneal epithelial cell (HCECs) were preincubated with a hydroch...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - December 3, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Zhao W, Yang H, Lyu L, Zhang J, Xu Q, Jiang N, Liu G, Wang L, Yan H, Che C Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Interactions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin with TLR2 and TLR4 regulate anti-fungal innate immunity in Aspergillus fumigatus-induced corneal infection.
Abstract Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin 7 (IL-7)-like four helix bundle cytokine that plays diverse roles in the regulation of immune responses. In fungal infection, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including the cell surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytoplasmic NOD-like receptors, recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns to initiate downstream signal cascades to active immune responses. Our previous studies reported that, in vitro human cornea epithelium cells represented a novel target of TSLP and that TSLP/TSLPR/STAT5 signaling played an important role in the response t...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - March 6, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Dai C, Wu J, Chen C, Wu X Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

JAGN1 is required for fungal killing in neutrophil extracellular traps: Implications for severe congenital neutropenia.
Abstract Mutations in the gene JAGN1 were recently discovered in patients with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) consisting of decondensed chromatin decorated with various granular proteins such as neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) to combat microbial infections. However, whether JAGN1 is required for the formation or function of NETs is not known. Here, we analyzed primary neutrophils from a patient with homozygous JAGN1 mutations with respect to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced NET formation. NET release was observed, but there appea...
Source: Journal of Leukocyte Biology - August 14, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Khandagale A, Lazzaretto B, Carlsson G, Sundin M, Shafeeq S, Römling U, Fadeel B Tags: J Leukoc Biol Source Type: research

Silencing SOCS1 in dendritic cells promote survival of mice with systemic Candida albicans infection via inducing Th1-cell differentiation.
Abstract Enhancing the immunity conferred by dendritic cells (DCs) to fungal infection represents a promising strategy in the number of immunocompromised individuals. In a previous study, we demonstrated that suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) silencing can promote the maturation of DCs and induce an immune response against Candida albicans (C. albicans) in vitro. Herein, the effectiveness of SOCS1 suppression administered by SOCS1-siRNA-treated DCs is further evaluated in systemic candidiasis mouse model. The SOCS1-silenced DCs increase mouse survival and significantly decrease fungal colonization in the ...
Source: Immunology Letters - March 23, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Shi D, Li D, Wang Q, Kong X, Mei H, Shen Y, Liu W Tags: Immunol Lett Source Type: research

Important factors mediates the adhesion of aspergillus fumigatus to alveolar epithelial cells with E-cadherin.
In conclusion, E-cadherin is a receptor for adhesion of A. fumigatus blastospores in epithelial cells. This may open a new approach to treat this fungal infection. PMID: 27347350 [PubMed]
Source: American Journal of Translational Research - June 29, 2016 Category: Research Tags: Am J Transl Res Source Type: research

Candida glabrata induced infection of rat tracheal epithelial cells is mediated by TLR-2 induced activation of NF-κB
Publication date: February 2016 Source:Microbial Pathogenesis, Volume 91 Author(s): Xue Zhang, Jian Bai, Cheng-Lin Wu, Ye Wu, Ying Zhao, Wen-Ming Song, Xue-Ping Luo An increasing number of reports identified Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) as the important causative agent of invasive pulmonary fungal infection. However, little is known about immune responses to C. glabrata in rat tracheal epithelial cell (RTEC). Here, the effect of C. glabrata on RTEC and the role of TLR-2 and NF-κB in the immune response were investigated by treatment with TLR-2 siRNA and NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), re...
Source: Microbial Pathogenesis - December 25, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

C.glabrata induced infection of rat tracheal epithelial cells is mediated by TLR-2 induced activation of NF-κB
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2015 Source:Microbial Pathogenesis Author(s): Xue Zhang, Jian Bai, Cheng-Lin Wu, Ye Wu, Ying Zhao, Wen-Ming Song, Xue-Ping Luo An increasing number of reports identified Candida glabrata (C.glabrata) as the important causative agent of invasive pulmonary fungal infection. However, little is known about immune responses to C.glabrata in rat tracheal epithelial cell (RTEC). Here, the effect of C.glabrata on RTEC and the role of TLR-2 and NF-κB in the immune response were investigated by treatment withTLR-2 siRNA and NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), re...
Source: Microbial Pathogenesis - October 24, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Chitinase 3-Like 1 Promotes Candida albicans Killing and Preserves Corneal Structure and Function by Controlling Host Antifungal Responses Fungal and Parasitic Infections
This study sought to elucidate the role of CHI3L1 in augmenting the corneal innate immune response to Candida albicans infection in an animal model of fungal keratitis. Flagellin applied topically 24 h prior to C. albicans inoculation significantly protected the corneal from C. albicans and induced CHI3L1 expression in C57BL/6 mouse corneas. CHI3L1, however, played a detectable but minor role in flagellin-induced protection. While C. albicans keratitis was more severe in the corneas treated with Chi3l1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), corneas treated with recombinant CHI3L1 before C. albicans inoculation had markedly amelior...
Source: Infection and Immunity - September 10, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Gao, N., Yu, F.-S. X. Tags: Fungal and Parasitic Infections Source Type: research

New signaling pathways govern the host response to C. albicans infection in various niches RESEARCH
Candida albicans, the major invasive fungal pathogen of humans, can cause both debilitating mucosal infections and fatal invasive infections. Understanding the complex nature of the host–pathogen interaction in each of these contexts is essential to developing desperately needed therapies to treat fungal infections. RNA-seq enables a systems-level understanding of infection by facilitating comprehensive analysis of transcriptomes from multiple species (e.g., host and pathogen) simultaneously. We used RNA-seq to characterize the transcriptomes of both C. albicans and human endothelial cells or oral epithelial cells du...
Source: Genome Research - May 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Liu, Y., Shetty, A. C., Schwartz, J. A., Bradford, L. L., Xu, W., Phan, Q. T., Kumari, P., Mahurkar, A., Mitchell, A. P., Ravel, J., Fraser, C. M., Filler, S. G., Bruno, V. M. Tags: RESEARCH Source Type: research

Small RNA profiling reveals regulation of Arabidopsis miR168 and heterochromatic siRNA415 in response to fungal elicitors
Conclusion: Results here presented support a transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying MIR168 expression. This finding highlights the importance of miRNA functioning in adaptive processes of Arabidopsis plants to fungal infection. The results of this study also lay a foundation for the involvement of RdDM processes through the activity of siRNA415 and miR823 in mediating regulation of immune responses in Arabidopsis plants.
Source: BMC Genomics - December 10, 2014 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Patricia BaldrichKlementina KakarChristelle SiréAna Beatriz MorenoAngélique BergerMeritxell García-ChapaJuan José López-MoyaJosé Luis RiechmannBlanca San Segundo Source Type: research

Silenced suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) enhances the maturation and antifungal immunity of dendritic cells in response to Candida albicans in vitro
In conclusion, our findings support the view that SOCS1 protein is a critical inhibitory molecule for controlling cytokine response and antigen presentation by DCs, thereby regulating the magnitude of innate and adaptive immunities by generating IFN-γ-production T cells (Th1)—but not Th17—from naïve CD4+ T cells. Our study demonstrates that SOCS1 siRNA can serve as a useful vehicle to modulate the function of DCs against C. albicans infection.
Source: Immunologic Research - November 9, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

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