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Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta

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Total 177 results found since Jan 2013.

Histone deacetylase HDAC1 downregulates transcription of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene in tumor cells.
In this study, we examined the expression of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in regulating the 5-HTT gene in tumor cells. The 5-HTT gene expression was almost silenced in chicken lymphoma DT40, myelomonocytic tumor HD11 and hepatoma DU249 cells, compared to their physiological counterpart. In contrast, HDAC1 mRNA expression was increased in these cell lines. Indeed, the pan-HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) enhanced the 5-HTT mRNA expression in several tumor cell lines including the human cell lines HepG2 and THP-1 and increased the 5-HT uptake in HD11 cells. In addition, tr...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - May 26, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Phi van DK, Mühlbauer E, Phi-van L Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Oncostatin M-dependent Mcl-1 induction mediated by JAK1/2-STAT1/3 and CREB contributes to bioenergetic improvements and protective effects against mitochondrial dysfunction in cortical neurons.
In conclusion, our findings indicated that OSM induces Mcl-1 expression via activation of ERK1/2, JAK1/2, STAT1/3, and CREB; furthermore, OSM-mediated Mcl-1 induction contributes to bioenergetic improvements and neuroprotective effects against 3-NP toxicity in cortical neurons. OSM may thus serve as a novel neuroprotective agent against mitochondrial dysfunction commonly associated with pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. PMID: 25986861 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - May 15, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chang SH, Hwang CS, Yin JH, Chen S, Yang DI Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Hyper-dependence of breast cancer cell types on the nuclear transporter Importin β1.
Abstract We previously reported that overexpression of members of the Importin (Imp) superfamily of nuclear transporters results in increased nuclear trafficking through conventional transport pathways in tumour cells. Here we show for the first time that the extent of overexpression of Impβ1 correlates with disease state in the MCF10 human breast tumour progression system. Excitingly, we find that targeting Impβ1 activity through siRNA is>30 times more efficient in decreasing the viability of malignant ductal carcinoma cells compared to isogenic non-transformed counterparts, and is highly potent and tumour s...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - May 7, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kuusisto HV, Jans DA Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Insulin increases glomerular filtration barrier permeability through PKGIα-dependent mobilization of BKCa channels in cultured rat podocytes.
Abstract Podocytes are highly specialized cells that wrap around glomerular capillaries and comprise a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier. They are uniquely sensitive to insulin; like skeletal muscle and fat cells, they exhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and express glucose transporters. Podocyte insulin signaling is mediated by protein kinase G type I (PKGI), and it leads to changes in glomerular permeability to albumin. Here, we investigated whether large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (BKCa) were involved in insulin-mediated, PKGIα-dependent filtration barrier permeability. I...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - May 4, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Piwkowska A, Rogacka D, Audzeyenka I, Kasztan M, Angielski S, Jankowski M Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Protein kinase CK2 potentiates translation efficiency by phosphorylating eIF3j at Ser127.
Abstract In eukaryotic protein synthesis the translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is a key player in the recruitment and assembly of the translation initiation machinery. Mammalian eIF3 consists of 13 subunits, including the loosely associated eIF3j subunit that plays a stabilizing role in the eIF3 complex formation and interaction with the 40S ribosomal subunit. By means of both co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses we demonstrate that the protein kinase CK2 interacts with and phosphorylates eIF3j at Ser127. Inhibition of CK2 activity by CX-4945 or down-regulation of the expression of CK2 cataly...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - April 14, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Borgo C, Franchin C, Salizzato V, Cesaro L, Arrigoni G, Matricardi L, Pinna LA, Donella-Deana A Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Functional characterization of the Organic Cation Transporters (OCTs) in human airway pulmonary epithelial cells.
Abstract Organic cation transporters (OCT1-3) mediate the transport of organic cations including inhaled drugs across the cell membrane, although their role in lung epithelium hasn't been well understood yet. We address here the expression and functional activity of OCT1-3 in human airway epithelial cells A549, Calu-3 and NCl-H441. Kinetic and inhibition analyses, employing [(3)H]1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) as substrate, and the compounds quinidine, prostaglandine E2 (PGE2) and corticosterone as preferential inhibitors of OCT1, OCT2, OCT3, respectively, have been performed. A549 cells present a robust MPP+ ...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - April 13, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ingoglia F, Visigalli R, Rotoli BM, Barilli A, Riccardi B, Puccini P, Dall'Asta V Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Transforming growth factor-β3 regulates cell junction restructuring via MAPK-mediated mRNA destabilization and Smad-dependent protein degradation of Junctional adhesion molecule B (JAM-B).
This study aims to investigate the effects of TGF-β3 on the expression of JAM-B as well as the underlying mechanisms on how TGF-β3 regulates JAM-B expression to facilitate the disassembly of the BTB and apical ES. Our results revealed that TGF-β3 suppresses JAM-B at post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. Inhibitor, siRNA knockdown and co-immunoprecipitation have shown that TGF-β3 induces JAM-B protein degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Immunofluorescence staining further confirmed that blockage of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway could abrogate TGF-β3-induced loss of JAM-B at the cell-cell interfac...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - March 25, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Zhang X, Lui WY Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

The flavo-oxidase QSOX1 supports vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation: evidence for a role in neointima growth.
Abstract Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1) is a flavoenzyme largely present in the extracellular milieu whose physiological functions and substrates are not known. QSOX1 has been implicated in the regulation of tumor cell survival, proliferation and migration, in addition to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. However, data regarding other pathophysiological conditions are still lacking. Arterial injury by balloon catheter is an established model of post-angioplasty restenosis. This technique induces neointima formation due to migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), followed by E...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - March 9, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Borges BE, Appel MH, Cofré AR, Prado ML, Steclan CA, Esnard F, Zanata SM, Laurindo FR, Nakao LS Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

P21 Activated Kinase-1 Mediates Transforming Growth Factor β1-Induced Prostate Cancer Cell Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition.
Abstract Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is believed to play a dual role in prostate cancer. Molecular mechanism by which TGFβ1 suppresses early prostate tumor growth and induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in advanced stages is not known. We determined if P21-activated kinase1 (Pak1), which mediates cytoskeletal remodeling is necessary for the TGFβ1 induced prostate cancer EMT. Effects of TGFβ1 on control prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cells and those with IPA 3 and siRNA mediated Pak1 inhibition were tested for prostate tumor xenograft in vivo and EMT in vitro. TGFβ1 inhibited PC3 tumor...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - March 5, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Al-Azayzih A, Gao F, Somanath PR Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

The Nav1.2 channel is regulated by GSK3.
CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidence for a new mechanism by which GSK3 modulates Nav channel function via its C-terminal tail. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide fundamental knowledge in understanding signaling dysfunction common in several neuropsychiatric disorders. PMID: 25615535 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - January 20, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: James TF, Nenov MN, Wildburger NC, Lichti C, Luisi J, Vergara F, Panova-Electronova NI, Nilsson CL, Rudra J, Green TA, Labate D, Laezza F Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Activation of NADPH oxidase mediates increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rabbits.
In this study, we proposed to test whether activation of NADPH oxidase in the remote non-infarcted myocardium mediates ER stress and left ventricular (LV) remodeling after MI. Rabbits with MI or sham operation were randomly assigned to orally receive an NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin or placebo for 30days. The agents were administered beginning at 1week after surgery. MI rabbits exhibited decreases in LV fractional shortening, LV ejection fraction and the first derivative of the LV pressure rise, which were abolished by apocynin treatment. NADPH oxidase Nox2 protein and mRNA expression was increased in the remote non-inf...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - January 20, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Li B, Tian J, Sun Y, Xu TR, Chi RF, Zhang XL, Hu XL, Zhang YA, Qin FZ, Zhang WF Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2)-induced connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression requires sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) in human mesangial cells.
Abstract Transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) is well known to stimulate the expression of pro-fibrotic connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in several cell types including human mesangial cells. The present study demonstrates that TGF-β2 enhances sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1P5) mRNA and protein expression in a time and concentration dependent manner. Pharmacological and siRNA approaches reveal that this upregulation is mediated via activation of classical TGF-β downstream effectors, Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Most notably, inhibition of Gi with pertussis toxin and downregulation...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - January 17, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wünsche C, Koch A, Goldschmeding R, Schwalm S, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D, Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Mitochondrial function contributes to oxysterols-induced osteogenic differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells.
This study investigated the effect of an oxysterol combination of 22(S)-hydroxycholesterol and 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol (SS) on osteogenic differentiation of ESCs and the alterations to mitochondrial activity during differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, matrix mineralization, mRNA expression of osteogenic factors, runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, and osteocalcin, and protein levels of collagen type IA (COLIA) and osteopontin (OPN). Treatment of cells with SS increased osteoinductive activity compared to the control group. Intracellular reactive oxygen ...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - December 15, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kwon IK, Lee SC, Hwang Y, Heo JS Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Regulation of Chondroitin-4-Sulfotransferase (CHST11) Expression by Opposing Effects of Arylsulfatase B on BMP4 and Wnt9A.
In this report, the gene regulatory mechanism by which decline in arylsulfatase B (ARSB; N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase) reduces CHST11 (chondroitin-4-sulfotransferase; C4ST) mRNA expression in human colonic epithelial cells and in colonic epithelium of ARSB-deficient mice is presented. ARSB controls the degradation of chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S) by removing the 4-sulfate group at the non-reducing end of the C4S chain, but has not previously been shown to affect C4S biosynthesis. The decline in CHST11 expression following ARSB reduction is attributable to effects of ARSB on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)4, since BMP4 ...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - December 12, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bhattacharyya S, Feferman L, Tobacman JK Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Role of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 in formation of polyunsaturated lipid species in hepatic stellate cells.
We report that acyl CoA synthetase (ACSL) type 4, which has a preference for PUFAs, is the only upregulated ACSL family member in activated HSCs. Inhibition of the activity of ACSL4 by siRNA-mediated knockdown or addition of rosiglitazone specifically inhibited the incorporation of deuterated arachidonic acid (AA-d8) into TAG in HSCs. In agreement with this, ACSL4 was found to be partially localized around lipid droplets (LDs) in HSCs. Inhibition of ACSL4 also prevented the large increase in PUFA-TAGs in HSCs upon activation and to a lesser extent the increase of arachidonate-containing phosphatidylcholine species. Inhibit...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - December 9, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tuohetahuntila M, Spee B, Kruitwagen HS, Wubbolts R, Brouwers JF, van de Lest CH, Molenaar MR, Houweling M, Helms JB, Vaandrager AB Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research