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Condition: Ganglions

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Total 160 results found since Jan 2013.

Tetraspanins are involved in Schwann cell–axon interaction
This study was undertaken to identify Schwann cell tetraspanins and to elucidate their possible functions. Microarray analysis revealed the expression of numerous tetraspanins in primary culture of Schwann cells. Expression of five of them, CD9, CD63, CD81, CD82, and CD151, and of tetraspanin‐associated protein EWI‐2 was also confirmed by immunofluorescence. Localization of CD9, CD63, CD81, and EWI‐2 was largely confined to paranodes and Schmidt‐Lanterman incisures, regions of noncompact myelin. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that these four proteins form a complex in Schwann cells. siRNA silencing of indiv...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - August 30, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Michael A. Chernousov, Richard C. Stahl, David J. Carey Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Excitotoxicity Upregulates SARM1 Protein Expression and Promotes Wallerian-Like Degeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells and Their Axons Retina
Conclusions. Results presented in this study, for the first time, show that KA-mediated upregulation of SARM1 protein promotes Wallerian-like degeneration of RGCs and their axons.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - April 17, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Massoll, C., Mando, W., Chintala, S. K. Tags: Retina Source Type: research

Inhibition of Retinal Ganglion Cell Axonal Outgrowth Through the Amino-Nogo-A Signaling Pathway.
Abstract Nogo-A is a myelin-derived inhibitor playing a pivotal role in the prevention of axonal regeneration. A functional domain of Nogo-A, Amino-Nogo, exerts an inhibitory effect on axonal regeneration, although the mechanism is unclear. The present study investigated the role of the Amino-Nogo-integrin signaling pathway in primary retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) with respect to axonal outgrowth, which is required for axonal regeneration. Immunohistochemistry showed that integrin αv, integrin α5 and FAK were widely expressed in the visual system. Thy-1 and GAP-43 immunofluorescence showed that axonal outgrowth ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - April 12, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Huo Y, Yin XL, Ji SX, Zou H, Lang M, Zheng Z, Cai XF, Liu W, Chen CL, Zhou YG, Yuan RD, Ye J Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Involvement of down-regulated E2F3 in Hirschsprung's disease
Conclusions: This is the first study showing the down-regulation of E2F3 in HSCR, bringing new insight to the mechanism of the impaired migration of neural crest cells.
Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery - April 1, 2013 Category: Surgery Authors: Weibing Tang, Junwei Tang, Jingjing Qin, Qiming Geng, Zhigang Zhou, Bo Li, Jie Zhang, Huan Chen, Yankai Xia, Xinru Wang Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Knockdown of sodium channel NaV1.6 blocks mechanical pain and abnormal bursting activity of afferent neurons in inflamed sensory ganglia
Summary: Knocking down expression of the sodium channel isoform NaV1.6 in lumbar sensory ganglia blocked development of pain behaviors and neuronal hyperexcitability induced by local inflammation of the ganglion.Abstract: Inflammatory processes in the sensory ganglia contribute to many forms of chronic pain. We previously showed that local inflammation of the lumbar sensory ganglia rapidly leads to prolonged mechanical pain behaviors and high levels of spontaneous bursting activity in myelinated cells. Abnormal spontaneous activity of sensory neurons occurs early in many preclinical pain models and initiates many other pat...
Source: Pain - March 7, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Wenrui Xie, Judith A. Strong, Ling Ye, Ju-Xian Mao, Jun-Ming Zhang Tags: Research papers Source Type: research

Modulation of A-type K(+) channels by the short-chain cobrotoxin through the protein kinase C-delta isoform decreases membrane excitability in dorsal root ganglion neurons.
In this study, we identified the functional role of cobrotoxin, the short-chain α-neurotoxin isolated from Naja atra venom, which acts in the regulation of the transient A-type K(+) currents (I(A)) and membrane excitability in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons via the activation of the muscarinic M3 receptor (M3R). Our results showed that cobrotoxin increased I(A) in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas the sustained delayed rectifier K(+) currents (I(DR)) were not affected. Cobrotoxin did not affect the activation of I(A) markedly, however, it shifted the inactivation curve significantly in the depolarizing directi...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - February 19, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Guo Q, Jiang YJ, Jin H, Jiang XH, Gu B, Zhang YM, Wang JG, Qin ZH, Tao J Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

TGF{beta} Signaling Induces Expression of Gadd45b in Retinal Ganglion Cells Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Conclusions. TGFβ signaling induced Gadd45b expression in RGCs. Modulation of the TGFβ/NFB/Gadd45b signaling pathway may provide a means to enhance the neuroprotective effect of Gadd45b in RGCs.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - February 5, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Liu, B., Sun, X., Suyeoka, G., Garcia, J. G. N., Leiderman, Y. I. Tags: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Inhibition of high glucose-induced VEGF release in retinal ganglion cells by RNA interference targeting G protein-coupled receptor 91.
Abstract Recent research using a rat oxygen-induced retinopathy model has demonstrated that the G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91) of retinal ganglion neurons is the principal respondent to succinate and consequently induces the release of angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aim of this study was to determine whether GPR91 modulate the release of VEGF from retinal ganglion cells in a high-glucose model in vitro and to dissect the role of GPR91 in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. We constructed a lentiviral small hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector targeting GPR91 (LV.shGP...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - February 1, 2013 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Hu J, Wu Q, Li T, Chen Y, Wang S Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Deimination restores inner retinal visual function in murine demyelinating disease
Progressive loss of visual function frequently accompanies demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and is hypothesized to be the result of damage to the axons and soma of neurons. Here, we show that dendritic impairment is also involved in these diseases. Deimination, a posttranslational modification, was reduced in the retinal ganglion cell layer of MS patients and in a transgenic mouse model of MS (ND4 mice). Reduced deimination accompanied a decrease in inner retinal function in ND4 mice, indicating loss of vision. Local restoration of deimination dramatically improved retinal function and elongation of n...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - January 3, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Mabel Enriquez-Algeciras, Di Ding, Fabrizio G. Mastronardi, Robert E. Marc, Vittorio Porciatti, Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya Source Type: research

Intra-tympanic delivery of short interfering RNA into the adult mouse cochlea.
Abstract Trans-tympanic injection into the middle ear has long been the standard for local delivery of compounds in experimental studies. Here we demonstrate the advantages of the novel method of intra-tympanic injection through the otic bone for the delivery of compounds or siRNA into the adult mouse cochlea. First, a fluorescently-conjugated scrambled siRNA probe was applied via intra-tympanic injection into the middle ear cavity and was detected in sensory hair cells and nerve fibers as early as 6 h after the injection. The fluorescent probe was also detected in other cells of the organ of Corti, the lateral w...
Source: Hearing Research - November 23, 2012 Category: Audiology Authors: Oishi N, Chen FQ, Zheng HW, Sha SH Tags: Hear Res Source Type: research