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Drug: Insulin

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Total 338 results found since Jan 2013.

Pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 90-year perspective
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder associated with an increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular disease; its main clinical characteristic is hyperglycaemia. The last century has been characterised by remarkable advances in our understanding of the mechanisms leading to hyperglycaemia. The central role of insulin in glucose metabolism regulation was clearly demonstrated during the early 1920s, when Banting, Best, Collip and Macleod successfully reduced blood glucose levels and glycosuria in a patient treated with a substance purified from bovine pancreata. Later, during the mid-1930s, clinical observa...
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - January 25, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Zaccardi, F., Webb, D. R., Yates, T., Davies, M. J. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Hypertension, Diabetes, Metabolic disorders PMJ 90th anniversary review Source Type: research

Negativity for Specific Autoantibodies in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes That Developed on a Background of Common Variable Immunodeficiency
We describe 2 patients with a combination of T1D and CVID with serious impairment of antibody production. We also provide a review of the available literature. T1D-specific insulin autoantibodies and autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and tyrosine phosphatase IA2 were not detected in either of our patients at the time of diagnosis or during the course of the disease. In both cases, T1D manifestation and diagnosis preceded the discovery of CVID by several years. Following the diagnosis of immunodeficiency and the start of immunoglobulin substitution therapy, their clinical status improved, manifesting as a lower ...
Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology - January 22, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Blood glucose monitoring had no impact on distress or self-efficacy in people with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes
Commentary on: Malanda UL, Bot SD, Kostense PJ, et al.. Effects of self-monitoring of glucose on distress and self-efficacy in people with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabet Med 2015. Published Online First. Context While it is generally accepted that blood glucose monitoring is an important component of treatment in the management of insulin-treated diabetes (both type 1 and type 2 diabetes), the role of blood glucose monitoring in those with type 2 diabetes treated by oral agents remains uncertain. Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials have persistently failed to find ...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - January 22, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Heller, S. R. Tags: Clinical trials (epidemiology), Immunology (including allergy), Mood disorders (including depression), Diabetes Therapeutics/Prevention Source Type: research

Facing the enigma of the vascular network in hepatocellular carcinomas in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic livers
Conclusions Although future studies are surely required, the identification of different vascular profiles in HCCs from cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic livers may help clarify the relationship between HCC progression and aggressiveness.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - January 21, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Vasuri, F., Fittipaldi, S., Giunchi, F., Monica, M., Ravaioli, M., Degiovanni, A., Bonora, S., Golfieri, R., Bolondi, L., Grigioni, W. F., Pasquinelli, G., D'Errico-Grigioni, A. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Hepatic cancer Original article Source Type: research

Public Policy and Folic Acid Fortification: Great Harm or Help?
Since the 1900s, public policy worldwide recommends supplementation with folic acid (FA) for all women of child-bearing age and during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs). Since late 1998, the United States and Canada mandated fortification of all grain products with FA. Fortification reduced the incidence of NTDs by 60–70%. However 30–40% of cases remain nonresponsive because of inability to metabolize FA because of genetic polymorphisms (MTHFR) or a deficiency of dihydrofolate reductase. In Spain, the prevalence of MTHFR has doubled since FA supplements for women in early pregnancy were introduced...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Onusic, S. P. Tags: Nutrition and Health Policy Source Type: research

Insulin resistance in 22% of men with acne
Young adult men with acne were more likely to have insulin resistance and to have higher fasting plasma glucose levels than were men of the same age who did not have acne, in a cross-sectional study of 20 to 32 year old men in India. In a study published online in JAMA Dermatology, on Dec. 23 (<a...
Source: Skin and Allergy News - December 30, 2015 Category: Dermatology Source Type: news

Despite Health Risks, Many Argue GMOs Could Help Solve Food Security
By Mbom SixtusYAOUNDE, Cameroon, Dec 23 2015 (IPS)Cameroon is on the path to introduce genetically modified organisms (GMO’s). This would be overseen by the Cameroon Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the National Biosafety Committee, if the Cameroon Cotton Corporation successfully implements a three-year test cultivation of cotton. The introduction of GMOs is seen by many as a measure to improve Cameroon’s agricultural yields and guarantee food security, despite health risks.“Genetically modified organisms will help Cameroon solve many problems which researchers of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Devel...
Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health - December 23, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Mbom Sixtus Tags: Africa Development & Aid Environment Featured Food & Agriculture Headlines Health TerraViva United Nations Better World Cameroon Cameroon Academy of Sciences Cameroon Christian University Institute Cameroon Cotton Corporation Camer Source Type: news

Distant site lipoatrophy: a rare complication of subcutaneous insulin therapy
Introduction Injection site lipodystrophy is not uncommon in insulin-treated patients with diabetes. In this era of human insulin and insulin analogues, lipoatrophy is far less common than lipohypertrophy, and distant site lipoatrophy is even rarer. The underlying pathophysiology of distant site lipoatrophy is largely undefined, and this disease is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the treating physicians. Case history A 60-year-old woman (BMI 32 kg/m2) with a 25-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with a depression in her interscapular region that had been present for 3 months and was caus...
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - December 16, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Chakraborty, P. P., Biswas, S. N. Tags: Sexual transmitted infections (viral), Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Diet, Radiology, Dermatology, Surgical diagnostic tests, General surgery, Diabetes, Metabolic disorders Images in medicine Source Type: research

Non-Canonical (RANKL-Independent) Pathways of Osteoclast Differentiation and Their Role in Musculoskeletal Diseases
Abstract Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells derived from mononuclear phagocyte precursors (monocytes, macrophages); in the canonical pathway of osteoclastogenesis, these cells fuse and differentiate to form specialised bone-resorbing osteoclasts in the presence of receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL). Non-canonical pathways of osteoclastogenesis have been described in which several cytokines and growth factors are able to substitute for RANKL. These humoral factors can generally be divided into those which, like RANKL, are tumour necrosis family (TNF) superfamily members and those which a...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - November 17, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

A challenging undertaking: Stem cell transplantation for immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome
Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare, life-threatening systemic autoimmune disorder caused by mutations in the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) gene, which is required for the development and function of regulatory T cells and prevention of autoimmunity.1 Although most patients present in infancy with a clinical triad of intractable diarrhea, insulin-dependent diabetes, and eczematous dermatitis, some patients present with severe food allergies, other autoimmune manifestations, or both.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - November 7, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zeynep Yesim Kucuk, Jack J. Bleesing, Rebecca Marsh, Kejian Zhang, Stella Davies, Alexandra H. Filipovich Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

IL-25 induces airways angiogenesis and expression of multiple angiogenic factors in a murine asthma model
Conclusions: The data suggest that chronic exposure of murine airways to IL-25 alone is able to reproduce angiogenetic changes and the environment. Thus, blocking IL-25 may attenuate vascular remodelling and improve outcomes in asthma patients.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yao, X., Wang, W., Huang, K., Corrigan, C. J., Sun, Y. C., Ying, S. Tags: 5.3 Allergy and Immunology Source Type: research

Current management of diabetes mellitus and future directions in care
The last 90 years have seen considerable advances in the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Prof MacLean of Guy's Hospital wrote in the Postgraduate Medical Journal in 1926 about the numerous challenges that faced patients and their healthcare professionals in delivering safe and effective diabetes care at that time. The discovery of insulin in 1922 heralded a new age in enabling long-term glycaemic control, which reduced morbidity and mortality. Thirty years later, the first oral agents for diabetes, the biguanides and sulfonylureas, appeared and freed type 2 patients from having to inject insulin following di...
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - October 23, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Chatterjee, S., Davies, M. J. Tags: Pancreas and biliary tract, Editor's choice, Immunology (including allergy), Epidemiology, Diabetes, Metabolic disorders, Guidelines PMJ 90th anniversary review Source Type: research

A case of insulin allergy successfully managed using multihexamer‐forming insulin degludec combined with liraglutide
ConclusionOur patient was allergic to all insulin formulations except insulin degludec. Her allergic reactions completely disappeared after switching to insulin degludec. The crystallized structure of this insulin might mask its skin allergen antigenicity. Furthermore, her postprandial hyperglycaemia was successfully controlled with liraglutide. We propose multihexamer‐forming ultra‐long‐acting insulin plus glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogues as a therapeutic option for patients with insulin allergy.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Diabetic Medicine - October 20, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. Fujishiro, Y. Izumida, S. Takemiya, Y. Kuwano, I. Takamoto, R. Suzuki, T. Yamauchi, K. Ueki, T. Kadowaki Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

A case of insulin allergy successfully managed using multihexamer ‐forming insulin degludec combined with liraglutide
ConclusionOur patient was allergic to all insulin formulations except insulin degludec. Her allergic reactions completely disappeared after switching to insulin degludec. The crystallized structure of this insulin might mask its skin allergen antigenicity. Furthermore, her postprandial hyperglycaemia was successfully controlled with liraglutide. We propose multihexamer‐forming ultra‐long‐acting insulin plus glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogues as a therapeutic option for patients with insulin allergy.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Diabetic Medicine - October 19, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. Fujishiro, Y. Izumida, S. Takemiya, Y. Kuwano, I. Takamoto, R. Suzuki, T. Yamauchi, K. Ueki, T. Kadowaki Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Insulin in human milk and the use of hormones in infant formulas.
Authors: Shamir R, Shehadeh N Abstract Human milk contains a substantial number of hormones and growth factors. Studies in animal models show that some of these peptides (e.g. insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, IGF-1, epidermal growth factors) have an effect on the small intestine after orogastric administration. Recently, two efforts were made to incorporate growth factors into infant formulas. One of these efforts included the incorporation of IGF-1, and the second is an ongoing effort to evaluate the safety and efficacy of incorporating insulin into infant formulas. The rational and current evidence for addi...
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - September 24, 2015 Category: Nutrition Tags: Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser Source Type: research