Vitamin A
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Debelo, H., Novotny, J. A., Ferruzzi, M. G. Tags: Nutrient Information Source Type: research
Measurement Errors in Dietary Assessment Using Self-Reported 24-Hour Recalls in Low-Income Countries and Strategies for Their Prevention
Securing accurate measurements of dietary intake across populations is challenging. Of the methods, self-reported 24-h recalls are often used in low-income countries (LICs) because they are quick, culturally sensitive, do not require high cognitive ability, and provide quantitative data on both foods and nutrients. Measuring intakes via 24-h recalls involves 1) collecting data on food intakes, 2) the appropriate use of relevant food-composition data for calculating nutrient intakes, and 3) statistically converting observed intakes to "usual intakes" for evaluating nutrient adequacy or relations between foods and nutrients ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Gibson, R. S., Charrondiere, U. R., Bell, W. Tags: Review from ASN EB 2017 Symposium Source Type: research
Cobalamin Status from Pregnancy to Early Childhood: Lessons from Global Experience
Low cobalamin intake and status during pregnancy or lactation have been linked to adverse maternal and perinatal health outcomes, whereas low cobalamin status during early childhood is associated with impaired development in children. Women who begin pregnancy with depleted stores (low or very low plasma cobalamin) will give birth to depleted infants who are likely to develop deficiency symptoms during the first few weeks or months postpartum. Newly ingested cobalamin during pregnancy and lactation (from diet or supplements) is transferred to the child and is not likely to correct cobalamin status in depleted women. The pr...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Obeid, R., Murphy, M., Sole-Navais, P., Yajnik, C. Tags: Thematic Review Series: 4th International Vitamin Conference Source Type: research
Vitamins Associated with Brain Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease: Biomarkers, Epidemiological and Experimental Evidence, Plausible Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps
The key to preventing brain aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer disease (AD) via vitamin intake is first to understand molecular mechanisms, then to deduce relevant biomarkers, and subsequently to test the level of evidence for the impact of vitamins in the relevant pathways and their modulation of dementia risk. This narrative review infers information on mechanisms from gene and metabolic defects associated with MCI and AD, and assesses the role of vitamins using recent results from animal and human studies. Current evidence suggests that all known vitamins and some "quasi-vitamins" are involved as cofa...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Fenech, M. Tags: Thematic Review Series: 4th International Vitamin Conference Source Type: research
25-Hydroxyvitamin D as a Biomarker of Vitamin D Status and Its Modeling to Inform Strategies for Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency within the Population
There is substantial evidence that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is unacceptably high in the population, and this requires action from a public health perspective. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is a robust and reliable marker of vitamin D status and has been used by numerous agencies in the establishment of vitamin D dietary requirements and for population surveillance of vitamin D deficiency or inadequacy. In a wider context, modeling of serum 25(OH)D data and its contributory sources, namely dietary vitamin D supply and UVB availability, can inform our understanding of population vitamin D status. Th...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Cashman, K. D., van den Heuvel, E. G., Schoemaker, R. J., Preveraud, D. P., Macdonald, H. M., Arcot, J. Tags: Thematic Review Series: 4th International Vitamin Conference Source Type: research
Dietary Strategies to Reduce Environmental Impact: A Critical Review of the Evidence Base
The food system is a major source of environmental impact, and dietary change has been recommended as an important and necessary strategy to reduce this impact. However, assessing the environmental performance of diets is complex due to the many types of foods eaten and the diversity of agricultural production systems and local environmental settings. To assess the state of science and identify knowledge gaps, an integrative review of the broad topic of environment and diet was undertaken, with particular focus on the completeness of coverage of environmental concerns and the metrics used. Compared with the 14 discrete env...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ridoutt, B. G., Hendrie, G. A., Noakes, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Scaling up Dietary Data for Decision-Making in Low-Income Countries: New Technological Frontiers
This study reviewed innovative dietary assessment technologies and gauged their suitability to improve the quality and time required to collect dietary data in LICs. Predefined search terms were used to identify technologies from peer-reviewed and gray literature. A total of 78 technologies were identified and grouped into 6 categories: 1) computer- and tablet-based, 2) mobile-based, 3) camera-enabled, 4) scale-based, 5) wearable, and 6) handheld spectrometers. For each technology, information was extracted on a number of overarching factors, including the primary purpose, mode of administration, and data processing capabi...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Bell, W., Colaiezzi, B. A., Prata, C. S., Coates, J. C. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Energy Metabolism Profile in Individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome and Implications for Clinical Management: A Systematic Review
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder associated with excessive weight gain. Hyperphagia associated with PWS may result in higher energy intake, but alterations in energy expenditure may also contribute to energy imbalance. The purpose of this critical literature review is to determine the presence of alterations in energy expenditure in individuals with PWS. Ten studies that measured total energy expenditure (TEE), resting energy expenditure (REE), sleep energy expenditure (SEE), activity energy expenditure (AEE), and diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) were included in this review. The studies provided evid...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Alsaif, M., Elliot, S. A., MacKenzie, M. L., Prado, C. M., Field, C. J., Haqq, A. M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Epigenetic Regulation of Centromere Chromatin Stability by Dietary and Environmental Factors
The centromere is a genomic locus required for the segregation of the chromosomes during cell division. This chromosomal region together with pericentromeres has been found to be susceptible to damage, and thus the perturbation of the centromere could lead to the development of aneuploidic events. Metabolic abnormalities that underlie the generation of cancer include inflammation, oxidative stress, cell cycle deregulation, and numerous others. The micronucleus assay, an early clinical marker of cancer, has been shown to provide a reliable measure of genotoxic damage that may signal cancer initiation. In the current review,...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hernandez-Saavedra, D., Strakovsky, R. S., Ostrosky-Wegman, P., Pan, Y.-X. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Role of MicroRNA Regulation in Obesity-Associated Breast Cancer: Nutritional Perspectives
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in women, and the incidence of breast cancer is increasing every year. Obesity has been identified as one of the major risk factors for breast cancer progression. The mechanisms by which obesity contributes to breast cancer development is not yet understood; however, there are a few mechanisms counted as potential producers of breast cancer in obesity, including insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and sex hormones. Recent emerging evidence suggests that alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expressions are found in several diseases...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kasiappan, R., Rajarajan, D. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Natural Forms of Vitamin E as Effective Agents for Cancer Prevention and Therapy
Initial research on vitamin E and cancer has focused on α-tocopherol (αT), but recent clinical studies on cancer-preventive effects of αT supplementation have shown disappointing results, which has led to doubts about the role of vitamin E, including different vitamin E forms, in cancer prevention. However, accumulating mechanistic and preclinical animal studies show that other forms of vitamin E, such as -tocopherol (T), -tocopherol (T), -tocotrienol (TE), and -tocotrienol (TE), have far superior cancer-preventive activities than does αT. These vitamin E forms are much stronger than αT in inh...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jiang, Q. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Cardiovascular and Antiobesity Effects of Resveratrol Mediated through the Gut Microbiota
Encouraging scientific research into the health effects of dietary bioactive resveratrol has been confounded by its rapid first-pass metabolism, which leads to low in vivo bioavailability. Preliminary studies have shown that resveratrol can modulate gut microbiota composition, undergo biotransformation to active metabolites via the intestinal microbiota, or affect gut barrier function. In rodents, resveratrol can modify the relative Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes ratio and reverse the gut microbial dysbiosis caused by a high-fat diet. By upregulating the expression of genes involved in maintaining tight junctions between intesti...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Bird, J. K., Raederstorff, D., Weber, P., Steinert, R. E. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
The Nitrate-Independent Blood Pressure-Lowering Effect of Beetroot Juice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Beetroot is considered a complementary treatment for hypertension because of its high content of inorganic NO3. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify several aspects of beetroot juice supplementation on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, and the reference lists of previous reviews. Randomized clinical trials that investigated the effects of beetroot juice on resting blood pressure in humans were recruited for quality assessment, meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and meta-regressions; of these, 22 were conducted between 2009...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Bahadoran, Z., Mirmiran, P., Kabir, A., Azizi, F., Ghasemi, A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Yogurt and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Critical Review of Potential Mechanisms
This article reviews current gaps and challenges in identifying such mechanisms and provides a perspective on the research agenda to validate the proposed role of yogurt in protecting against CMDs. (Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Fernandez, M. A., Panahi, S., Daniel, N., Tremblay, A., Marette, A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Nutritional Factors Affecting Adult Neurogenesis and Cognitive Function
Adult neurogenesis, a complex process by which stem cells in the hippocampal brain region differentiate and proliferate into new neurons and other resident brain cells, is known to be affected by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including diet. Neurogenesis plays a critical role in neural plasticity, brain homeostasis, and maintenance in the central nervous system and is a crucial factor in preserving the cognitive function and repair of damaged brain cells affected by aging and brain disorders. Intrinsic factors such as aging, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and brain injury, as well as lifestyle factors such as...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - November 15, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Poulose, S. M., Miller, M. G., Scott, T., Shukitt-Hale, B. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
