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2019 Health Law Professors Conference
Conclusion
Source: blog.bioethics.net - March 27, 2019 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Thaddeus Mason Pope, JD, PhD Tags: Health Care syndicated Source Type: blogs

Poly-ICLC, a TLR3 Agonist, Induces Transient Innate Immune Responses in Patients With Treated HIV-Infection: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo Controlled Trial
Conclusions: These finding suggest that Poly-ICLC could be safely used for inducing transient innate immune responses in treated HIV+ subjects indicating promise as an adjuvant for HIV therapeutic vaccines. Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02071095. Introduction Innate immune dysregulation during HIV infection hinders the formation of anti-HIV adaptive immunity (1–6) resulting in rampant viral dissemination and progression to AIDS. Adherence to combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) regimens controls viremia, restores CD4+T cell counts and reverses immune dysfunction to ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 8, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Next-Generation Cancer Immunotherapy Targeting Glypican-3
This study was supported in part by the National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund (25-A-7 and 28-A-8); Health and Labor Science Research Grants for Clinical Research, Japan; and joint research funding from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd.; Noile-Immune Biotech Inc.; Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; BrightPath Biotherapeutics Co., Ltd.; and Sysmex Co., Ltd. This study was performed as part of a research program of the Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics (P-Direct), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. Conflict of Interest Statement TN, TS, and TY ...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Exploring Secondary Metabolites Database of Apocynaceae, Menispermaceae, and Annonaceae to Select Potential Anti-HCV Compounds.
Abstract Hepatitis C is a disease that constitutes a serious global health problem, is often asymptomatic and difficult to diagnose, about 60-80% of infected patients develop chronic diseases over time. As there is no vaccine against hepatitis C virus (HCV), developing new cheap treatments is a big challenge. The search for new drugs from natural products has been outstanding in recent years. The aim of this study was combining structure-based and ligand-based virtual screening (VS) techniques to select potentially active molecules against four HCV target proteins from in-house secondary metabolite dataset (Sistem...
Source: Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry - May 8, 2019 Category: Chemistry Authors: Barros RPC, Scotti L, Scotti MT Tags: Curr Top Med Chem Source Type: research

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children.
CONCLUSIONS: Administration of the licenced CRM197-PCV7 and PHiD-CV10 during early infancy is associated with large relative risk reductions in pneumococcal AOM. However, the effects of these vaccines on all-cause AOM is far more uncertain. We found no evidence of a beneficial effect on all-cause AOM of administering PCVs in high-risk infants, after early infancy (i.e. in children one year and above), and in older children with a history of respiratory illness. Compared to control vaccines, PCVs were associated with an increase in mild local reactions (redness, swelling), fever, and pain and/or tenderness. We found no evid...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 27, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Fortanier AC, Venekamp RP, Boonacker CW, Hak E, Schilder AG, Sanders EA, Damoiseaux RA Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Host Genetic Determinants of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major health problem worldwide. Recently, a great number of genetic studies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome-wide association studies have been performed to search for host determinants of the development of chronic HBV infection, clinical outcomes, therapeutic efficacy, and responses to hepatitis B vaccines, with a focus on human leukocyte antigens (HLA), cytokine genes, and toll-like receptors. In addition to SNPs, gene insertions/deletions and copy number variants are associated with infection. However, conflicting results have been obtained....
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - August 12, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

RETROSPECTIVE Hepatitis C Virus: 30 Years after Its Discovery
Evidence for the existence of another hepatitis-causing pathogen, other than the known hepatitis A and B viruses, emerged in the mid-1970s. A frustrating search of 15 years was ended by the identification of the hepatitis C virus in 1989 using a recombinant DNA immunoscreening method. This discovery quickly led to blood tests that eliminated posttransfusion hepatitis C and could show the partial efficacy of type 1 interferon-based therapies. Subsequent knowledge of the viral replication cycle then led to the development of effective direct-acting antivirals targeting its serine protease, polymerase, and nonstructural prote...
Source: Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine - December 1, 2019 Category: Research Authors: Houghton, M. Tags: Hepatitis C Viruses: The Story of a Scientific and Therapeutic Revolution RETROSPECTIVE Source Type: research

Feeding problems and gastrointestinal diseases in Down syndrome.
This study lists the various anomalies on the basis of 504 references selected from a PubMed search in October 2018. RESULTS: The anomalies are grouped into three categories: anatomical anomalies: duodenal atresia and stenosis (3.9%), duodenal web and annular pancreas; aberrant right subclavian artery (12% of children with DS with cardiac anomaly); Hirschsprung's disease (2.76%); anorectal malformation (1.16%); congenital vascular malformations of the liver; orofacial cleft, bifid uvula (4.63%), and submucous orofacial cleft; esophageal atresia (0.5-0.9%); pyloric stenosis (0.3%); diaphragmatic hernia; malrotation of ...
Source: Archives de Pediatrie - November 25, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Ravel A, Mircher C, Rebillat AS, Cieuta-Walti C, Megarbane A Tags: Arch Pediatr Source Type: research

FDA accepts Roche ’s New Drug Application for Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) for the treatment of influenza in children
Basel, 27 March  2020 - Roche (SIX: RO, ROG; OTCQX: RHHBY) today announced that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted a New Drug Application (NDA) as well as two supplemental New Drug Applications (sNDA) for Xofluza® (baloxavir marboxil). The FDA accepted a NDA for a new formulation of Xofluza as one-dose granules for oral suspension (2 mg/mL), potentially offering a more convenient option for children and those who have difficulty swallowing. In addition, the application seeks approval of Xofluza for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in otherwise healthy children aged one to l ess than 12 y...
Source: Roche Investor Update - March 27, 2020 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news

Roche receives FDA approval for cobas HPV test for use on the cobas 6800/8800 Systems to identify women at risk for cervical cancer
             Basel, 21 April 2020 - Roche (SIX: RO, ROG; OTCQX:RHHBY) today announced US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the cobas ® HPV test for use on the fully automated, high-throughput cobas® 6800/8800 Systems. The cobas® HPV test identifies women at risk for cervical cancer by detecting the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in cervical samples. Persistent high-risk HPV infections can develop into pre cancerous lesions and, if left untreated, these lesions can progress to cervical cancer.“The approval of our HPV test for the cobas 6800 and 8800 Systems enables molec...
Source: Roche Media News - April 21, 2020 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news

TECHNIQUE Animal Models of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important and underreported infectious disease, causing chronic infection in ~71 million people worldwide. The limited host range of HCV, which robustly infects only humans and chimpanzees, has made studying this virus in vivo challenging and hampered the development of a desperately needed vaccine. The restrictions and ethical concerns surrounding biomedical research in chimpanzees has made the search for an animal model all the more important. In this review, we discuss different approaches that are being pursued toward creating small animal models for HCV infection. Although efforts to use ...
Source: Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine - April 30, 2020 Category: Research Authors: Ploss, A., Kapoor, A. Tags: Hepatitis C Virus: The Story of a Scientific and Therapeutic Revolution TECHNIQUE Source Type: research

Vaccination coverage rates of military personnel worldwide: a systematic review of the literature
ConclusionsOn the whole, most studies referred to recruits. They showed high vaccination rates for standard vaccinations and lower vaccination rates for indication and seasonal vaccinations. However, there were also vaccination gaps of temporary-career volunteers. This leads to a considerable effort at the armed forces to complete vaccine protection in case of a short-term operational commitment.
Source: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health - June 18, 2020 Category: Occupational Health Source Type: research

Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Its Determinants among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Conclusions: HBV infection among pregnant women is a common public health problem in Ethiopia. Multiple sexual partners, abortion history, blood transfusion history, and body tattoo were significantly associated with HBV infection. Policies and strategies should focus on factors identified in this study to improve the prevention of HBV among pregnant women. PMID: 32577077 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology - June 25, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol Source Type: research

Anti-viral therapy for the sexually transmitted viruses: recent updates on vaccine development.
Authors: Kardani K, Basimi P, Fekri M, Bolhassani A Abstract INTRODUCTION: The sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by viruses including human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), human simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) are major public health issues. These infections can cause cancer or result in long-term health problems. Due to high prevalence of STIs, a safe and effective vaccine is required to overcome these fatal viruses. AREAS COVERED: This review includes a comprehensive overview of...
Source: Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology - August 27, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol Source Type: research