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Antibody weapon against malaria shows promise in Africa
A new way to prevent malaria that showed promise in 9 U.S. volunteers deliberately exposed to parasite-laden mosquitoes last year has now shown its mettle in a real-world situation in Africa. A study published today in the New England Journal of Medicine showed that a single dose of lab-produced monoclonal antibodies can protect recipients from infection for up to 6 months during Mali’s intense malaria season. Monoclonal antibodies are expensive to produce and can be cumbersome to administer if they are infused straight into the bloodstream. That makes some researchers skeptical that the new ones to thwa...
Source: ScienceNOW - November 1, 2022 Category: Science Source Type: news

To thwart the next pandemic, ‘swientists’ hunt for flu viruses at U.S. hog shows
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Source: ScienceNOW - October 27, 2022 Category: Science Source Type: news

Hookworm infection: Toward development of safe and effective peptide vaccines
Hookworms are hematophagous nematode parasites that have infected a billion people worldwide. Anthelmintic drugs have limited efficacy and do not prevent reinfection. Therefore, prophylactic vaccines are in high demand. Whole parasite vaccines are allergic and unsafe; thus, research into subunit vaccines has been warranted. A  comprehensive overview of protein or peptide subunit vaccines’ safety, protective efficacy, and associated immune responses is provided herein. The differences between the immune responses against hookworm infection by patients from epidemic versus nonepidemic areas are discussed in detail.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - December 1, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ahmed O. Shalash, Waleed M. Hussein, Mariusz Skwarczynski, Istvan Toth Tags: Reviews and feature article Source Type: research

Investigational malaria vaccine gives strong, lasting protection
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Two U.S. Phase 1 clinical trials of a novel candidate malaria vaccine have found that the regimen conferred unprecedentedly high levels of durable protection when volunteers were later exposed to disease-causing malaria parasites. The vaccine combines live parasites with either of two widely used antimalarial drugs -- an approach termed chemoprophylaxis vaccination. A Phase 2 clinical trial of the vaccine is now underway in Mali, a malaria-endemic country.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - June 30, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

The COVID-19 Virus Is Mutating. What Does That Mean for Vaccines?
As we enter the second year of living with the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the virus is celebrating its invasion of the world’s population with yet more mutated forms that help it to spread more easily from person to person. One, first detected in the U.K. in December, has already raised alarms about whether the COVID-19 virus is now escaping from the protection that vaccines just being rolled out now might provide. The variant has also been found in the U.S. Already, U.K. officials have tightened lockdowns in England, Scotland and Wales, and over the holidays, more than 40 countries banned travelers from the region ...
Source: TIME: Health - January 7, 2021 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alice Park Tags: Uncategorized COVID-19 Source Type: news

The Two Faces of Nematode Infection: Virulence and Immunomodulatory Molecules From Nematode Parasites of Mammals, Insects and Plants
Helminths stage a powerful infection that allows the parasite to damage host tissue through migration and feeding while simultaneously evading the host immune system. This feat is accomplished in part through the release of a diverse set of molecules that contribute to pathogenicity and immune suppression. Many of these molecules have been characterized in terms of their ability to influence the infectious capabilities of helminths across the tree of life. These include nematodes that infect insects, known as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and plants with applications in agriculture and medicine. In this review we will f...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - December 2, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Identification of a New Human Monoclonal Antibody that More Potently Prevents Malaria Infection
Malaria is a major disease caused by a parasite transmitted through the bite of infected female mosquitoes. Globally, an estimated 214 million cases of malaria and 438,000 deaths from malaria occur annually, with chidren in African and South Asian regions being most vulnerable. Approximately 1,500-2,000 cases of malaria are reported in the United States each year, mostly in returning travelers from malaria- endemic countries. Among the international travelers, military personnel, diplomats, pregnant women, children and older individuals with weakened immune systems are more likely to be at risk of malaria infection and mor...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - November 13, 2020 Category: Research Authors: ott-admin Source Type: research

What Are Potential Complications of Tattooing?
Discussion “Tattooing of skin via deposition of pigment particles and ink ingredients in the dermis changes normal skin into abnormal skin. Fortunately, this often causes no harm and no disease, although with important exceptions.” Tattoos can be inadvertent from road dirt, gunpowder, pencil graphite etc., but most are desired. Tattoos are common in many cultures and over time..They have been increasing in popularity in the United States over the past few years particularly with a younger, wider and more diverse population. Newsweek reported an 18-country study in 2018 which showed 46% of Americans have a tat...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - May 18, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Vaccines, Antibodies and Drug Libraries. The Possible COVID-19 Treatments Researchers Are Excited About
In early April, about four months after a new, highly infectious coronavirus was first identified in China, an international group of scientists reported encouraging results from a study of an experimental drug for treating the viral disease known as COVID-19. It was a small study, reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, but showed that remdesivir, an unapproved drug that was originally developed to fight Ebola, helped 68% of patients with severe breathing problems due to COVID-19 to improve; 60% of those who relied on a ventilator to breathe and took the drug were able to wean themselves off the machines after 18...
Source: TIME: Health - April 14, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alice Park Tags: Uncategorized COVID-19 Source Type: news

UK still free of coronavirus cases
Patients with symptoms advised to call GP rather than attend practice Related items fromOnMedica Warn patients that natural malaria immunity fades Single-dose malaria drug eliminates parasite from liver Should we have compulsory measles vaccination at school entry? Parents still following folklore methods for cold prevention Double check patients with ‘penicillin’ allergy to avoid MRSA risk
Source: OnMedica Latest News - January 26, 2020 Category: UK Health Source Type: news

The extended understanding of chronic granulomatous disease
Purpose of review We briefly address the advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and phenotypes of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). This is one of the most studied primary immunodeficiencies, which comprise mutations in genes encoding the different subunits of the NADPH oxidase system. Those mutations lead to defective reactive oxygen species production, and consequently a failure to eliminate pathogens. Recent findings Patients with CGD are susceptible to fungal, bacterial, and parasitic infections. Other symptoms, as systemic adverse effects to BCG vaccine and hyperinflammation, are also important clinical condit...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - November 7, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RELATED DISORDERS: Edited by Jordan S. Orange Source Type: research

GPs should avoid antibiotics for non-bullous impetigo
NICE proposes use of antiseptic creams instead Related items fromOnMedica Single-dose malaria drug eliminates parasite from liver Patients often avoid vaccinations due to fear of side effects Double check patients with ‘penicillin’ allergy to avoid MRSA risk Ibuprofen not a safe alternative to antibiotics for uncomplicated UTIs Inhaled corticosteroids linked to higher infection risk
Source: OnMedica Latest News - August 14, 2019 Category: UK Health Source Type: news

Microbes, Infections, and Their Relationship to Asthma
Examining the impact of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites on human disease has been a complicated undertaking that began centuries ago and has led to profound effects on human history, including the development of interventions such as sanitation technologies, antibiotics, and vaccinations. In recent decades, we have also begun to appreciate the potential detrimental effects of altering natural patterns of microbial species that coexist with us, including the importance of changes in the early-life microbiome on the development of asthma and other allergic diseases.
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - May 10, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Stephen A. Tilles Tags: Foreword Source Type: research

Non-classical B Cell Memory of Allergic IgE Responses
Sean P. Saunders1, Erica G. M. Ma1,2, Carlos J. Aranda1 and Maria A. Curotto de Lafaille1,3* 1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States 2Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, United States 3Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States The long-term effectiveness of antibody responses relies on the development of humoral immune memory. Humoral immunity is maintained by long-lived plasma ce...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

From “Serum Sickness” to “Xenosialitis”: Past, Present, and Future Significance of the Non-human Sialic Acid Neu5Gc
Conclusions and Perspectives In this review, we have discussed important milestones from the early description of “Serum-sickness” as being due to antibodies directed against Neu5Gc epitopes all the way to the present-day therapeutic implications of these antibodies in cancer therapy. Some of these milestones have been represented in a concise timeline (Figure 6). While the “Xenosialitis” hypothesis is well-supported in the human-like mouse models, it has yet to be conclusively proven in humans. It remains to be seen if “Xenosialitis” plays a role in other uniquely-human dis...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 16, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

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