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Stem cell factor/mast cell/CCL2/monocyte/macrophage axis promotes Coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis and cardiac fibrosis by increasing Ly6C < sup > high < /sup > monocyte influx and fibrogenic mediators production
Immunology. 2022 Jul 31. doi: 10.1111/imm.13556. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMast cells (MCs), central players in allergy and parasitic infections, play key roles in inflammation and fibrosis. Here, the impact of MCs on the progression of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced viral myocarditis (VMC) and fibrosis was investigated using MC-deficient KitW-sh mice. Viral titres, cellular infiltrates and heart pathologies were evaluated and compared with wild-type (WT) mice during acute CVB3 infection of C57BL/6 mice. CVB3 infection induced an increased accumulation and degranulation of MCs in the hearts of mice during acute infec...
Source: Immunology - September 2, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yuan Luo Hongkai Zhang Jie Yu Lin Wei Min Li Wei Xu Source Type: research

The extended understanding of chronic granulomatous disease
Purpose of review We briefly address the advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and phenotypes of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). This is one of the most studied primary immunodeficiencies, which comprise mutations in genes encoding the different subunits of the NADPH oxidase system. Those mutations lead to defective reactive oxygen species production, and consequently a failure to eliminate pathogens. Recent findings Patients with CGD are susceptible to fungal, bacterial, and parasitic infections. Other symptoms, as systemic adverse effects to BCG vaccine and hyperinflammation, are also important clinical condit...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - November 7, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND RELATED DISORDERS: Edited by Jordan S. Orange Source Type: research

Human Gut-Associated Natural Killer Cells in Health and Disease
Alessandro Poggi1*, Roberto Benelli2, Roberta Venè1, Delfina Costa1, Nicoletta Ferrari1, Francesca Tosetti1 and Maria Raffaella Zocchi3 1Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy 2Immunology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy 3Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy It is well established that natural killer (NK) cells are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, they can recognize molecules induced at the cell surface by stress signals...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Neutrophil Cytosolic Factor 1 in Dendritic Cells Promotes Autoreactive CD8+ T Cell Activation via Cross-Presentation in Type 1 Diabetes
Conclusion: ROS promote CD8+ T cell activation by facilitating autoantigen cross-presentation by DCs. ROS scavengers could potentially represent an important component of therapies aiming to disrupt autoantigen presentation and activation of CD8+ T cells in individuals at-risk for developing T1D. In Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), pancreatic β cells are attacked by a T cell mediated autoimmune response and lose their ability to produce insulin (1–3). While a number of immune cell subsets are involved throughout the development of T1D, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) function as primary effectors of ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Systems Biology Analysis of the Effect and Mechanism of Qi-Jing-Sheng-Bai Granule on Leucopenia in Mice
Conclusion In summary, our data reveal the therapeutic mechanism of QJSB by integrative application of transcriptomics-based network pharmacology and metabolomics technologies. QJSB exerts protective effect against leucopenia in mice through participating in multi-pathways, mainly including accelerating cell proliferation and differentiation, regulating metabolism response pathways and modulating immunologic function. Ethics Statement All animal studies were performed according to the institutional ethical guidelines of animal care and were approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the Second Mili...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 24, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The Differentiation in vitro of Human Tonsil B Cells With the Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of T-bet+ Atypical Memory B Cells in Malaria
This study was conducted in the rural village of Kalifabougou, Mali where intense P. falciparum transmission occurs from June to December each year. Isolation of Tonsil B Cells Tonsils were mechanically disrupted in complete RPMI (RPMI 1640 with L-glutamine supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 1% MEM nonessential amino acids, 50 μM 2-mercaptoethanol, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.2–7.5 [all from GIBCO, Invitrogen]) and passed through a 70-μm cell strainer to make a single cell suspension. B cells were then negatively selecte...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

B Cell Reconstitution and Influencing Factors After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children
Nicolaas G. van der Maas, Dagmar Berghuis, Mirjam van der Burg and Arjan C. Lankester* Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands B cell reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is variable and influenced by different patient, donor, and treatment related factors. In this review we describe B cell reconstitution after pediatric allogeneic HST, including the kinetics of reconstitution of the different B cell subsets and the development of the B cell repertoire, and d...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 11, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Innate Lymphoid Cells in Helminth Infections —Obligatory or Accessory?
Conclusion ILC2s are clearly an inherent feature of the immune response to helminth infection, and in all probability their evolution has been driven by the threat of parasites. While in experimental model systems they are not always found to be essential, they are often center stage, particularly in the early phases of infection of each helminth system so far analyzed. They also form an important conceptual and mechanistic link with the allergic response that will allow us to understand in more detail the genesis and control of allergic disorders. In this respect, a much fuller analysis of ILC biology and function in the...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Dietary Vitamin D3 Deficiency Increases Resistance to Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Infection in Mice
Conclusion Altogether, our results indicate that dietary VitD deficiency is able to decrease lesion growth and provide an increase in Th1 response in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice upon L. (L.) amazonensis infection, although it does not decrease parasite burden in either of the murine models used. Thus, VitD may contribute to host susceptibility to murine tegumentary leishmaniasis. Further studies on the influence of immunonutrition in the leishmaniases are needed to better understand the immunobiology of these diseases. Author Contributions HdMG conceived and designed the experiments. GO-S, DB, MM, JEP, JCP, TR, AdF-M, and L...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 9, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research