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Long-term Outcomes of Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Biopsy-Proven Diabetic Nephropathy.
CONCLUSIONSOur study suggests that the characteristic pathological lesions as well as macroalbuminuria (severe proteinuria) were closely related to the long-term outcomes of biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. PMID: 24089538 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Diabetes Care - October 2, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Shimizu M, Furuichi K, Toyama T, Kitajima S, Hara A, Kitagawa K, Iwata Y, Sakai N, Takamura T, Yoshimura M, Yokoyama H, Kaneko S, Wada T, and the Kanazawa Study Group for Renal Diseases and Hypertension Tags: Diabetes Care Source Type: research

Hypertension in hemodialysis patients treated with atenolol or lisinopril: a randomized controlled trial
Conclusions Among maintenance dialysis patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, atenolol-based antihypertensive therapy may be superior to lisinopril-based therapy in preventing cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause hospitalizations. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00582114)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - February 28, 2014 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Agarwal, R., Sinha, A. D., Pappas, M. K., Abraham, T. N., Tegegne, G. G. Tags: Intra- and Extracorporeal Treatments of Kidney Failure Source Type: research

Home Blood Pressure Monitoring in CKD
Hypertension is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the prevalence increases with declining kidney function. Hypertension management is particularly important due to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke in the CKD population. Most clinical decisions for blood pressure (BP) management are based on BP readings in the office or dialysis unit. These BP readings often are inaccurate. Home BP monitoring provides more data than conventional clinic or dialysis-unit BP measurements and is relatively easy to accomplish, is cost-effective, and has been shown to have an increasing role in the ma...
Source: American Journal of Kidney Diseases - February 14, 2014 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Debbie L. Cohen, Yonghong Huan, Raymond R. Townsend Tags: In Practice Source Type: research

Statins do not improve cardiovascular outcomes for dialysis patients
Commentary on: Palmer SC, Navaneethan SD, Craig JC, et al.. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(9):CD004289. Context Chronic kidney disease affected nearly 19 million people in the USA, with incidence increasing globally at an annual rate of 8%, most of which were unrecognised or undiagnosed. Cardiovascular events are common among patients with chronic kidney disease and highest in dialysis patients. While dialysis patients experience a high prevalence of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as hyper...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - May 19, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Olyaei, A. Tags: Clinical trials (epidemiology), Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Neuromuscular disease, Stroke, Hypertension, Obesity (nutrition), Ischaemic heart disease, Unwanted effects / adverse reactions, Renal medicine, Musculoskeletal syndromes Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Before and After Kidney Transplantation
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in dialysis patients and the most common cause of death and allograft loss among kidney transplant recipients. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with an increased incidence and prevalence of a wide range of CVDs including coronary artery disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, sudden cardiac death, pulmonary hypertension, and valvular heart disease. CVD risk factors are very common in patients with ESRD, and most patients have multiple risk factors. Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with ESRD, as a suc...
Source: Cardiology in Review - June 6, 2014 Category: Cardiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Therapy of anemia and iron deficiency in dialysis patients: An update.
Abstract The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)-2012 on the treatment of anemia emit suggestions (which differ from recommendations) based on a scientific evidence of low level. The first rule is no harm; physicians must take into account the profile of the patient and its associated morbidities and remember on the potential risks to begin a treatment by erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) (thrombosis of arteriovenous fistula, hypertension, stroke). All correctable causes of anemia other than erythropoietin deficiency should be actively sought. It is necessary to individualize the treatment by ES...
Source: Nephrologie and Therapeutique - June 26, 2014 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Rostoker G, Hummel A, Chantrel F, Ryckelynck JP Tags: Nephrol Ther Source Type: research

Bidirectional relationship of hypertension with obstructive sleep apnea
Purpose of reviewHypertension (HTN) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are coexistent in millions of people, and both have been associated with heart disease, stroke, and premature death. OSA is an important risk factor for HTN. However, the relationship between OSA and HTN may be bidirectional, with high blood pressure (BP) contributing to an increased risk and severity of OSA. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature supporting a bidirectional relationship of sleep apnea and HTN. Recent findingsThe treatment of HTN to a lower BP target may improve sleep apnea by improving upper airway tone, by targeti...
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - October 2, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: SLEEP AND RESPIRATORY NEUROBIOLOGY: Edited by Lee K. Brown and Adrian Williams Source Type: research

Effects of blood pressure lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension. 1. Overview, meta-analyses, and meta-regression analyses of randomized trials
Background:Antihypertensive treatment is based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) started since 1966. Meta-analyses comprehensive of all RCTs but limited to RCTs investigating blood pressure (BP) lowering in hypertensive patients are lacking. Objectives:Two clinical questions were investigated: the extent of different outcome reductions by BP lowering in hypertensive patients, and the proportionality of outcome reductions to SBP, DBP, and pulse pressure (PP) reductions. Methods:PubMed between 1966 and December 2013 (any language), Cochrane Collaboration Library and previous overviews were used as data sources for ident...
Source: Journal of Hypertension - November 10, 2014 Category: Cardiology Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Non Invasive Evaluation of Cardiac Hemodynamics in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
Conclusions Blood pressure, cardiac morphology and function are significantly modified by acute volume depletion and such variations are strictly interrelated. SW and LVEDd/height2.7 may identify ESRD patients carrying an higher volume load.
Source: High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Prevention - November 19, 2014 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Risk-based individualisation of target haemoglobin in haemodialysis patients with renal anaemia in the post-TREAT era: theoretical attitudes versus actual practice patterns (MONITOR-CKD5 study)
Conclusions Physicians’ theoretical attitudes to anaemia management in patients on haemodialysis appear to have been influenced by the results of the TREAT study, which involved patients not on dialysis. Physicians claim to use risk-based target Hb levels to guide renal anaemia care. However, there is discrepancy between these declared risk-based target Hb levels and actual target Hb levels for patients with variable risk factors.
Source: International Urology and Nephrology - April 17, 2015 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Water and solute transport across the peritoneal membrane
Purpose of review: We review the molecular mechanisms of peritoneal transport and discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms is relevant for dialysis therapy. Recent findings: Peritoneal dialysis involves diffusion and osmosis through the highly vascularized peritoneal membrane. Computer simulations, expression studies and functional analyses in Aqp1 knockout mice demonstrated the critical role of the water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in water removal during peritoneal dialysis. Pharmacologic regulation of AQP1, either through increased expression or gating, is associated with increased water transport in rodent...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - August 11, 2015 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SOLUTE TRANSPORT: Edited by Alan S.L. Yu Source Type: research

Effectiveness of family involvement in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: a follow-up study
In recent years, the global prevalence of diabetes has increased significantly. The number of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ranks first in the world. Diabetes ranks in the third place among chronic non-communicable diseases according to the morbidity, disability and mortality as well as the degree of harm to human health, and it has brought a heavy burden on healthcare [1–3]. The family is an important place for people to influence lifestyle intervention of family members to participate may improve health and reduce disease relapse rate, increase well-being of the family, help improve diabetes, hy...
Source: Patient Education and Counseling - December 30, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Mai Shi, Mei-Yan Xu, Zhao-Lan Liu, Xue-Ying Duan, Yan-Bo Zhu, Hui-Mei Shi, Bo Jiang, Xiao-Mei Zhang, Xiao-Han Yu Source Type: research

Valacyclovir and Acyclovir Neurotoxicity With Status Epilepticus
We present the case of a 52-year-old man with hypertension, diastolic congestive heart failure, end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis 3 times a week and a remote history of a hemorrhagic stroke who presented to the emergency department with a vesicular rash on his left arm. The rash was observed to be in a dermatomal distribution, and a diagnosis of herpes zoster was made. The patient was discharged home on valacyclovir 1 g 3 times a day for a duration of 7 days. The patient took 2 doses of valacyclovir before presenting to the hospital again with irritability and hallucinations. Over the next several days, the patient's...
Source: American Journal of Therapeutics - January 1, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

The Safety of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents for the Treatment of Anemia Resulting from Chronic Kidney Disease
Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) anemia treatment was revolutionized in the late 1980s with the introduction of recombinant human erythropoietin. This and related erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) greatly benefited patients by decreasing debilitating symptoms, improving their quality of life, and freeing them from dependence on blood transfusions with their associated complications such as infections, sensitization impeding transplantation, and secondary iron overload. However, even in the initial studies, untoward effects were noted in patients receiving ESAs, including worsening hypertension, seizure...
Source: Clinical Drug Investigation - February 19, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The role of cystatin-C in the confirmation of reduced glomerular filtration rate among the oldest old.
CONCLUSIONS: Reduced eGFRcr was confirmed using eGFRcys for the vast majority of adults ≥ 80 years. These results suggest that using cystatin-C to confirm a reduced eGFRcr may not be necessary among the oldest old. PMID: 26925119 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Archives of Medical Science - March 1, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Arch Med Sci Source Type: research

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