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Total 465 results found since Jan 2013.

Five Year Trends of Critical Care Practice and Outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Analyses of patients, practices, and outcomes from a large geographically dispersed sample of adult ICUs revealed trends of increasing age and acuity, higher rates of adherence to best practice, use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation and decreased use of antimicrobials, transfusions, and duration of renal replacement therapies. Acuity adjusted LOS and in hospital mortality decreased. PMID: 28800866 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - August 8, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lilly CM, Swami S, Liu X, Riker RR, Badawi O Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Using Systems Science to Inform Population Health Strategies in Local Health Departments: A Case Study in San Antonio, Texas.
CONCLUSIONS: Local health departments could benefit from the use of systems science and evidence-based decision making to estimate public health program effectiveness and costs, calculate return on investment, and develop a business case for adopting programs. PMID: 28813636 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Public Health Reports - August 18, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Public Health Rep Source Type: research

Endocrine Disruptors and Health Effects in Africa: A Call for Action
Conclusion: To address the many challenges posed by EDCs, we argue that Africans should take the lead in prioritization and evaluation of environmental hazards, including EDCs. We recommend the institution of education and training programs for chemical users, adoption of the precautionary principle, establishment of biomonitoring programs, and funding of community-based epidemiology and wildlife research programs led and funded by African institutes and private companies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1774 Received: 16 February 2017 Revised: 22 May 2017 Accepted: 24 May 2017 Published: 22 August 2017 Address correspond...
Source: EHP Research - August 23, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Commentary Source Type: research

Association of Long-Term Exposure to Transportation Noise and Traffic-Related Air Pollution with the Incidence of Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Conclusion: We found a positive association between residential transportation noise and diabetes, adding to the growing body of evidence that noise pollution exposure may be independently linked to metabolic health and should be considered when developing public health interventions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1279 Received: 26 October 2016 Revised: 07 May 2017 Accepted: 09 May 2017 Published: 31 August 2017 Address correspondence to C. Clark, Ove Arup and Partners, Acoustics, 13 Fitzroy Street, London, W1T 4BQ, UK. Telephone: +44 207755 4702. Email: Charlotte.Clark@arup.com The authors declare they have no actual o...
Source: EHP Research - August 31, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Association between Exposure to p,p ′-DDT and Its Metabolite p,p′-DDE with Obesity: Integrated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: We classified p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE as “presumed” to be obesogenic for humans, based on a moderate level of primary human evidence, a moderate level of primary in vivo evidence, and a moderate level of supporting evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP527 Received: 17 May 2016 Revised: 04 May 2017 Accepted: 09 May 2017 Published: 18 September 2017 Please address correspondence to M.A. La Merrill, Dept. of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., 4245 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616-5270 USA. Telephone: (530) 754-7254. Email: mlamerrill...
Source: EHP Research - September 18, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Review Source Type: research

Surveillance for certain health behaviors and conditions among states and selected local areas - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2013 and 2014 - Gamble S, Mawokomatanda T, Xu F, Chowdhury PP, Pierannunzi C, Flegel D, Garvin W, Town M.
PROBLEM: Chronic diseases and conditions (e.g., heart diseases, stroke, arthritis, and diabetes) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. These conditions are costly to the U.S. economy, yet they are often preventable or cont...
Source: SafetyLit - September 20, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Research Methods, Surveillance and Codes, Models Source Type: news

Nanomaterials Versus Ambient Ultrafine Particles: An Opportunity to Exchange Toxicology Knowledge
Conclusion: There is now an opportunity to apply knowledge from NM toxicology and use it to better inform PM health risk research and vice versa. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP424 Received: 17 December 2015 Revised: 12 August 2016 Accepted: 30 August 2016 Published: 10 October 2017 Address correspondence to V. Stone, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. Telephone: +44 131 451 3460. Email: v.stone@hw.ac.uk V.S. currently receives grant funding from Byk Altana and from The European Ceramic Fibre Industry Association (ECFIA). In the past, V.S. has received funding from Unilever and GlaxoSmithKline....
Source: EHP Research - October 10, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Review Source Type: research

Adolescent bariatric surgery is on the Rise: An analysis of utilization and procedure trends in New York State
Obesity constitutes a major public health issue affecting an increasing number of families. In the United States the percentage of adolescents aged 12-19 years with obesity has reached an alarming level of 21%.  Childhood obesity could lead to long term development of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, several types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. The bariatric surgical interventions have emerged as successful alternative to the behavioral and psychological interventions in weight loss for adolescents .
Source: Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases - October 1, 2017 Category: Surgery Authors: Shabana Humayon, Maria Altieri, Jie Yang, Kristie Price, Konstantinos Spaniolas, Aurora Pryor Tags: Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents Source Type: research

Metabolism and Memory: Obesity, Diabetes, and Dementia
When Michelle Obama launched her Let ’s Move! campaign against childhood obesity in 2010, it came on the heels of data showing that 36% of U.S. adults and 17% of U.S children and adolescents were obese (1). The associated health risks outlined by Ms. Obama’s team reflected the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s consensu s, which emphasized a myriad of adverse outcomes ranging from cancer to arthritis to coronary artery disease. Among these public health messages, the neuropsychiatric consequences of obesity have narrowly focused on cerebrovascular disease, such as stroke, and the psychological consequences of stigm a.
Source: Biological Psychiatry - October 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Daniel Shalev, Melissa R. Arbuckle Tags: Clinical Commentary Source Type: research

Outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction due to unprotected left main thrombosis: The Asia ‐Pacific Left Main ST‐Elevation Registry (ASTER)
ConclusionsSTEMI from culprit unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Emergency PCI provides an important treatment option in this high‐risk group, but in‐hospital mortality remains high.
Source: Journal of Interventional Cardiology - November 16, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jonathan Yap, Gagan D. Singh, Jung ‐Sun Kim, Krishan Soni, Kelvin Chua, Alvin Neo, Choong Hou Koh, Ehrin J. Armstrong, Stephen W. Waldo, Kendrick A. Shunk, Reginald I. Low, Myeong‐Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang, Khung Keong Yeo Tags: ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Source Type: research

Infant Deaths and Mortality from Gun Violence: Causal or Casual?
CONCLUSIONS: In NYC, non-Hispanic black IM declined significantly despite increasing income inequality and was strongly correlated with gun-related assault mortality and other major causes of death. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that activities related to overall population health, including those pertaining to gun-related homicide, may provide clues to reducing IM. Analytic epidemiological studies are needed to test these and other hypotheses formulated from these descriptive data. PMID: 29173931 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of the National Medical Association - November 28, 2017 Category: General Medicine Tags: J Natl Med Assoc Source Type: research

Contribution of cardiac and extra ‐cardiac disease burden to risk of cardiovascular outcomes varies by ejection fraction in heart failure
ConclusionIn North American HF patients enrolled in the CHARM trials, the relative contribution of cardiac and extra‐cardiac disease burden to CV outcomes and death differed depending on LVEF. The high risk of events attributable to non‐cardiac disease burden may help explain why cardiac disease‐modifying medication proven to be efficacious in HFrEF patients has not proven beneficial in HFpEF.
Source: European Journal of Heart Failure - November 1, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Emil Wolsk, Brian Claggett, Lars K øber, Stuart Pocock, Salim Yusuf, Karl Swedberg, John J.V. McMurray, Christopher B. Granger, Marc A. Pfeffer, Scott D. Solomon Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Characteristics and Performance of Unilateral Kidney Transplants from Deceased Donors.
CONCLUSIONS: A large number of discarded kidneys were procured from donors whose contralateral kidneys were transplanted with good post-transplant outcomes. PMID: 29217537 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN - December 7, 2017 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Husain SA, Chiles MC, Lee S, Pastan SO, Patzer RE, Tanriover B, Ratner LE, Mohan S Tags: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Source Type: research

Urine Arsenic and Arsenic Metabolites in U.S. Adults and Biomarkers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study
Conclusion: In a cross-sectional study of U.S. adults, we observed some positive associations of uAs and toenail As concentrations with biomarkers potentially relevant to CVD pathogenesis and inflammation, and evidence of a higher capacity to metabolize inorganic As was negatively associated with a marker of oxidative stress. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2062 Received: 14 April 2017 Revised: 13 November 2017 Accepted: 15 November 2017 Published: 15 December 2017 Address correspondence to S.F. Farzan, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032. Telephone: (323)-442-5101; Email: sffarzan@usc.edu Supplemental Material is ava...
Source: EHP Research - December 16, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research