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Modafinil for the Improvement of Patient Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Conclusion. Modafinil is a central nervous system stimulant with well-established effectiveness in the treatment of narcolepsy and shift-work sleep disorder. There is conflicting evidence about the benefits of modafinil in the treatment of fatigue and EDS secondary to TBI. One randomized, controlled study states that modafinil does not significantly improve patient wakefulness, while another concludes that modafinil corrects EDS but not fatigue. An observational study provides evidence that modafinil increases alertness in fatigued patients with past medical history of brainstem diencephalic stroke or multiple sclerosis. ...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - April 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICNS Online Editor Tags: Current Issue Review excessive daytime sleep fatigue head injury modafinil stroke TBI traumatic brain injury Source Type: research

“His Entire Body Was Shutting Down”: New State Rankings Show Gaps in High School Athlete Safety
By mid-afternoon on August 1, 2017, the temperature in Stockton, Calif. was at least 105 degrees. Thirteen-year-old Jayden Galbert complained to his mother, Shynelle Jones, about the heat, but didn’t want to skip preseason football practice and hurt his chances of making the freshman football team. Instead, he showed up, pushed himself to participate, and then collapsed on the field. “He started vomiting and he was shaking,” Jones says. “He couldn’t see. He was trying to focus, but he couldn’t.” Jayden was eventually airlifted to UC Davis Medical Center, where he was diagnosed with...
Source: TIME: Health - August 22, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Lisa Lewis Tags: Uncategorized health heat stroke high school sports Source Type: news

‘His Entire Body Was Shutting Down.’ New State Rankings Show Gaps in High School Athlete Safety
By mid-afternoon on August 1, 2017, the temperature in Stockton, Calif. was at least 105 degrees. Thirteen-year-old Jayden Galbert complained to his mother, Shynelle Jones, about the heat, but didn’t want to skip preseason football practice and hurt his chances of making the freshman football team. Instead, he showed up, pushed himself to participate, and then collapsed on the field. “He started vomiting and he was shaking,” Jones says. “He couldn’t see. He was trying to focus, but he couldn’t.” Jayden was eventually airlifted to UC Davis Medical Center, where he was diagnosed with...
Source: TIME: Health - August 22, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Lisa Lewis Tags: Uncategorized health heat stroke high school sports Source Type: news

Associations between posttraumatic stress and stroke: A systematic review and meta ‐analysis
The objective of the present study was to systematically review the existing literature for studies examining the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and stroke risk and perform a meta-analysis to obtain a pooled risk estimate describing the association. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, PSYCInfo, and CINAHL to identify relevant studies. Cohort and cross-sectional studies that reported PTSD exposure (i.e., PTSD diagnosis, probable PTSD, or the presence of PTSD symptoms) at baseline and the risk or odds of stroke associated with PTSD exposure during the study period were included in t...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 29, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hely D. Nanavati, Andrea Arevalo, Adeel A. Memon, Chen Lin Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Suicide Following Stroke in the United States Veterans Health Administration Population
In the United States (US), suicide is a leading cause of death, and most of these suicides involve firearms, highlighting the importance of lethal means safety in suicide prevention.(1, 2) US Veterans experience a suicide rate 1.5 times higher than US civilian adults and are more likely to use firearms as the means of suicide.(3) Risk factors for suicide within this population include demographic factors such as sex, age, race, and level of education, as well as health factors such as smoking status, psychiatric conditions (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression, bipolar and anxiety disorders, schizophrenia...
Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation - March 31, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Jordan M. Wyrwa, Tyler M. Shirel, Trisha A. Hostetter, Alexandra L. Schneider, Claire A. Hoffmire, Kelly A. Stearns-Yoder, Jeri E. Forster, Nathan E. Odom, Lisa A. Brenner Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Harnessing the Four Elements for Mental Health
DiscussionAs detailed above, the “elements” in both a classical and a contemporary sense have effects on our mental health and are potentially modifiable aspects that can be harnessed as therapeutic interventions. The most robust interventional evidence currently available shows tentative support for several use of the elements via horticultural and nature-exposure therapy, green exercise/physical activity, sauna and heat therapy, balneotherapy, and breathing exercises. It should be noted that, in many cases, these interventions were not studied in definitive diagnosed psychiatric disorders and thus it is pre...
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry - April 23, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

A Copernican Approach to Brain Advancement: The Paradigm of Allostatic Orchestration
The objective of this presentation is to explore historical, scientific, interventional, and other differences between the two paradigms, so that innovators, researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, patients, end-users, and others can gain clarity with respect to both the explicit and implicit assumptions associated with brain advancement agendas of any kind. Over the course of three decades, a series of brain-centric, evolution-inspired insights have been articulated with increasing refinement, as principles of allostasis (Sterling and Eyer, 1988; Sterling, 2004, 2012, 2014). Allostasis recognizes that the role of the ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Mental and Physical Health Conditions in US Combat Veterans: Results From the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study.
Conclusions: Compared to noncombat veterans in the United States, combat veterans have elevated rates of PTSD, suicide attempt, stroke, and chronic pain independent of other sociodemographic, military, and mental health factors. Younger combat veterans have elevated rates of PTSD, suicidal ideation, and migraine headaches, while older combat veterans have elevated rates of heart disease and heart attack. These results characterize the population-based burden of mental and physical health conditions in combat veterans. They further underscore the importance of age- and condition-sensitive screening, monitoring, and treatmen...
Source: The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders - June 30, 2017 Category: Primary Care Tags: Prim Care Companion CNS Disord Source Type: research

Pre-injury Comorbidities Are Associated With Functional Impairment and Post-concussive Symptoms at 3- and 6-Months After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study
Conclusions: Pre-injury psychiatric and pre-injury headache/migraine symptoms are risk factors for worse functional and post-concussive outcomes at 3- and 6-months post-mTBI. mTBI patients presenting to acute care should be evaluated for psychiatric and headache/migraine history, with lower thresholds for providing TBI education/resources, surveillance, and follow-up/referrals. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01565551. Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2013 ~2.8 million TBI cases were recorded an...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Young Male Syndrome —An Analysis of Sex, Age, Risk Taking and Mortality in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries
Conclusion The willingness of young males to engage in dangerous situations might be adaptive in terms of fitness maximization. Nonetheless, for some individuals this intense sexual competition can be detrimental to health. The correspondence between the age distribution of the reproductively most active population and those suffering sTBI only partially supports the evolutionary hypothesis about risk-taking behavior. The prevalence of higher external mortality rates of young males, on the other hand, was not present in our data at all, nor did we find any support for the assumption that sTBI acquired from riskier behavio...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Repeated Changes to the Gravitational Field Negatively Affect the Serum Concentration of Select Growth Factors and Cytokines
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the ethical committee of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum with written informed consent from all subjects. All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the ethical committee of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (Register-Number 5158–14). Author Contributions US, FS, LG, and AK performed the experiments. US and TR analyzed the data, created the figures, and drafted the manuscript. TW, FS, and NB designed the study. All authors revised the manuscript and approved its fina...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Use in Warfighting: Benefits, Risks, and Future Prospects
Conclusion The aim of this paper was to examine whether military tDCS use can be efficacious and ethical in military settings. Our assessment is that tDCS offers a number of cognitive, motor, and perceptual enhancement opportunities which could provide value in military situations like training and operations. There is potential scope for use in a number of key areas that directly affect practical battlefield advantage and survivability, such as deceptive capabilities, risk-taking, threat detection, perception, and physiological improvement. Additionally, tDCS has the potential to improve command and control decision maki...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

A systematic review of the incidence, prevalence, costs, and activity/work limitations of amputation, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, back pain, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, stroke, and traumatic brain injury in the United States: a 2019 update - Lo J, Chan L, Flynn S.
OBJECTIVE: To present recent evidence on the prevalence, incidence, costs, activity limitations, and work limitations of common conditions requiring rehabilitation. METHODS: This was a systematic review. Medline (PubMed), SCOPUS, Web of Science, an...
Source: SafetyLit - May 2, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Economics of Injury and Safety, PTSD, Injury Outcomes Source Type: news

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Neurologic emergencies can be difficult to diagnose and treat, and are devastating if missed. Stroke is still the number five cause of death in the United States, down from number three a few years ago, and is the leading cause of long-term serious disability. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus is a substantial problem in intensive care units. Traumatic brain injuries from head trauma are a leading cause of post-traumatic stress in many populations. Then we have spine injuries, headache, back pain, infections, and vision problems, which present to emergency departments on a daily basis.
Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine - April 5, 2023 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Edward J. Otten Tags: Book and Other Media Reviews Source Type: research