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Condition: Obesity
Drug: Insulin

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Total 476 results found since Jan 2013.

Hemodynamic Overload and Intra-abdominal Adiposity in Obese Children: Relationships with Cardiovascular Structure and Function
Conclusions Obese youths present signs of impaired lipid and glucose metabolism, hyperdynamic circulation and cardiovascular changes. Increase in LV dimensions and mass and in carotid diameter and distension seems to reflect adaptation to body-size induced increase in hemodynamic load, changes in LV diastolic performance a negative impact of intra-abdominal adiposity and associated metabolic risk, and increase in IMT both adaptive remodeling and metabolic risk.
Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases - November 5, 2015 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Relationship of glycaemic control and hypoglycaemic episodes to 4‐year cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes starting insulin
ConclusionsOngoing poorer glucose control was associated with CV events; hypoglycaemia was not associated with CV‐specific/all‐cause death.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - December 23, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: N. Freemantle, N. Danchin, F. Calvi‐Gries, M. Vincent, P. D. Home Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Left ventricular gene expression profile of healthy and cardiovascular compromised rat models used in air pollution studies.
Authors: Ward WO, Kodavanti UP Abstract The link between pollutant exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has prompted mechanistic research with animal models of CVD. We hypothesized that the cardiac gene expression patterns of healthy and genetically compromised, CVD-prone rat models, with or without metabolic impairment, will reveal underlying disease processes that facilitate understanding of the mechanisms of air pollution susceptibility differences. Left ventricular gene expression was examined using Affymetrix rat 230A-gene arrays in male, age-matched (12-14 weeks old) healthy Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and CV-com...
Source: Inhalation Toxicology - February 18, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: Inhal Toxicol Source Type: research

Rat models of cardiometabolic diseases: baseline clinical chemistries, and rationale for their use in examining air pollution health effects.
Authors: Kodavanti UP, Russell JC, Costa DL Abstract Individuals with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CVD) are shown to be more susceptible to adverse health effects of pollutants. Rodent models of CVD are used for examining susceptibility variations. CVD models developed by selective inbreeding are shown to represent the etiology of human disease and metabolic dysfunction. The goal of this article was to review the origin and the pathobiological features of rat models of varying CVD with or without metabolic syndrome and healthy laboratory rat strains to allow better interpretation of the data regarding the...
Source: Inhalation Toxicology - February 18, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: Inhal Toxicol Source Type: research

Environmental Pollution: An Under-recognized Threat to Children’s Health, Especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Conclusions Patterns of disease are changing rapidly in LMICs. Pollution-related chronic diseases are becoming more common. This shift presents a particular problem for children, who are proportionately more heavily exposed than are adults to environmental pollutants and for whom these exposures are especially dangerous. Better quantification of environmental exposures and stepped-up efforts to understand how to prevent exposures that cause disease are needed in LMICs and around the globe. To confront the global problem of disease caused by pollution, improved programs of public health monitoring and environmental protecti...
Source: EHP Research - March 1, 2016 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Web Admin Tags: Brief Communication March 2016 Source Type: research

Physiological and therapeutic effects of carnosine on cardiometabolic risk and disease.
Abstract Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the most common preventable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They represent major public health threat to our society. Increasing prevalence of obesity and T2DM contributes to escalating morbidity and mortality from CVD and stroke. Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-ischaemic and chelating roles and is available as an over-the-counter food supplement. Animal evidence suggests that carnosine may offer many promising therapeutic benefits for multiple chroni...
Source: Amino Acids - March 16, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Baye E, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J, Hipkiss A, Aldini G, de Courten B Tags: Amino Acids Source Type: research

September Is Childhood Obesity Month -- Get The Facts
The obesity epidemic continues to dominate headlines--and for good reason. Obesity is a leading cause of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and stroke. Many of these conditions occur in adults but often begin in childhood. This September is National Childhood Obesity Awareness Month. By knowing the facts and taking steps to help your children live a healthier lifestyle, childhood obesity and its resulting complications may be prevented. The Facts According to the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), one in three children in the U.S. is overweight or obese. Childhood obesity doubled in children and ...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - September 28, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Cardiovascular safety of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a European multi ‐database, non‐interventional post‐authorization safety study
Abstract This non‐interventional, multi‐database, analytical cohort study assessed the cardiovascular (CV) safety of vildagliptin vs. other non‐insulin antidiabetic drugs (NIADs) using real‐world data from five European electronic healthcare databases. Patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥18 years on NIAD treatment were enrolled. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the outcomes of interest (myocardial infarction [MI], acute coronary syndrome [ACS], stroke, congestive heart failure [CHF], individually and as a composite) were estimated using negative binomial regressio...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - March 24, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: R. Williams, F. de Vries, W. Kothny, C. Serban, S. Lopez ‐Leon, C. Chu, R. Schlienger Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research

Individual and Joint Effects of Early-Life Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Maternal Prepregnancy Obesity on Childhood Overweight or Obesity
Conclusions: In the present study, we observed that early life exposure to PM2.5 may play an important role in the early life origins of COWO and may increase the risk of COWO in children of mothers who were overweight or obese before pregnancy beyond the risk that can be attributed to MPBMI alone. Our findings emphasize the clinical and public health policy relevance of early life PM2.5 exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP261 Received: 29 March 2016 Revised: 08 August 2016 Accepted: 23 August 2016 Published: 14 June 2017 Address correspondence to X. Wang, Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of P...
Source: EHP Research - June 14, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Long-Term Exposure to Transportation Noise in Relation to Development of Obesity —a Cohort Study
Conclusion: Our results link transportation noise exposure to development of obesity and suggest that combined exposure from different sources may be particularly harmful. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1910 Received: 17 March 2017 Revised: 5 October 2017 Accepted: 9 October 2017 Published: 20 November 2017 Address correspondence to A. Pyko, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Telephone: 46(0) 852487561. Email: Andrei.pyko@ki.se Supplemental Material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1910). The authors declare they have no actual or potential competing fina...
Source: EHP Research - November 20, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Neurocognition in treatment-resistant hypertension: profile and associations with cardiovascular biomarkers
Conclusion: Neurocognitive impairments are common in adults with treatment-resistant hypertension, particularly on tests of executive function. Better neurocognition is independently associated with aerobic fitness, microvascular function, and CVRFs.
Source: Journal of Hypertension - March 29, 2019 Category: Cardiology Tags: ORIGINAL PAPERS: Treatment Source Type: research

Neuroimaging and Neurolaw: Drawing the Future of Aging
Vincenzo Tigano1, Giuseppe Lucio Cascini2, Cristina Sanchez-Castañeda3, Patrice Péran4 and Umberto Sabatini5* 1Department of Juridical, Historical, Economic and Social Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy 2Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy 3Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 4ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France 5Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, ...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 7, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Programming During and After Diabetic Pregnancy: Role of Placental Dysfunction and IUGR
This study demonstrated that the incidence of ischemic heart disease and death were three times higher among men with low birth weight compared to men with high birth weight (5). Epidemiological investigations of adults born at the time of the Dutch famine between 1944 and 1945 revealed an association between maternal starvation and a low infant birth weight with a high incidence of hypertension and coronary heart disease in these adults (23). Furthermore, Painter et al. reported the incidence of early onset coronary heart disease among persons conceived during the Dutch famine (24). In that regard, Barker's findin...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 8, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Primary Sj ögren's Syndrome: Does Inflammation Matter?
Conclusions The markers of endothelial activation and damage and of chronic inflammation investigated until now failed to result predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis or to be associated with increased risk of CV events in SS patients. This may suggest that other mechanisms are implicated with increased prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in SS or that these biomarkers exert a different mechanism in the pathogenesis of endothelial damage and in the induction of atherosclerosis. Surely, the relationship between the disease itself and inflammatory and immune dysfunction factors is quite complex and still to be cla...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 16, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Editorial: Telomeres and Epigenetics in Endocrinology
This study was hypothesis-driven; the genetic variants were selected for being previously and substantially genotyped. The big sample size and the rich panel of other biomarkers allowed the authors to conduct much more detailed analyses on this topic. The third article by Provenzi et al. proposed their perspectives on the role of telomeres in premature birth and discussed the potential implications for early adversity and care in the neonatal intensive care unit (Pavanello et al.). Indeed, the speculation of telomeres in aging begins in the premature aging syndrome. It is thus interesting to examine if telomeres also play...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 23, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research