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Total 310 results found since Jan 2013.

Autism in the Son of a Woman with Mitochondrial Myopathy and Dysautonomia: A Case Report
Conclusion Given emerging evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly in the electron transport chain needed for cellular energy production, is an underlying pathophysiological mechanism for some varieties of ASD, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for mitochondrial disease, especially when they encounter a patient with unusual neurological or constitutional symptoms. The prevalence of mitochondrial disease in ASD patients may be as high as five percent, which means that it is not the “zebra”[27] diagnosis that it might be in a non-ASD patient, where prevalence is about 0.01 percent.10 Reference...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - October 9, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Anxiety Disorders Asperger's syndrome Autism Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Case Report Current Issue Intellectual Disability Neurologic Systems and Symptoms Pervasive Developmental Disorders ASD autism spectrum disorder dysauton Source Type: research

Autonomic symptoms in hypertensive patients with post-acute minor ischemic stroke
Autonomic function is frequently altered in patients with ischemic stroke during acute and chronic stages. Cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death during acute stroke are related to autonomic function imbalance.[1–3] Non-invasive tests have suggested sympathetic hyperactivity and cardiovagal dysfunction in acute stroke [1,2,4–7] with diverse results when considering the influence of lateralization, site and sub-type of ischemic stroke [1–3,8]. Autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction is associated with stroke severity [8].
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - October 8, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Juan Idiaquez, Hector Farias, Francisco Torres, Jorge Vega, David A. Low Source Type: research

Rhynchophylline Protects Against the Amyloid β-Induced Increase of Spontaneous Discharges in the Hippocampal CA1 Region of Rats.
Abstract Accumulated soluble amyloid β (Aβ)-induced aberrant neuronal network activity has been recognized as a key causative factor leading to cognitive deficits which are the most outstanding characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As an important structure associated with learning and memory, the hippocampus is one of the brain regions that are impaired very early in AD, and the hippocampal CA1 region is selectively vulnerable to soluble Aβ oligomers. Our recent study showed that soluble Aβ1-42 oligomers induced hyperactivity and perturbed the firing patterns in hippocampal neurons. Rhynchophylline (RIN...
Source: Neurochemical Research - October 6, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shao H, Mi Z, Ji WG, Zhang CH, Zhang T, Ren SC, Zhu ZR Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

A Novel Noninvasive Device to Assess Sympathetic Nervous System Function in Patients With Heart Failure
Discussion: Although the VU-AMS version 5fs system detected anticipated hemodynamic and sympathetic nervous system changes to postural shift in participants (n = 10), the elimination of 64% (n = 18) of the sample because of scoring difficulties limits the use of this impedance cardiography device using standard scoring algorithms in persons with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Source: Nursing Research - September 1, 2015 Category: Nursing Tags: Feature Articles Source Type: research

Brief Report: Forecasting the Economic Burden of Autism in 2015 and 2025 in the United States.
Abstract Few US estimates of the economic burden of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are available and none provide estimates for 2015 and 2025. We forecast annual direct medical, direct non-medical, and productivity costs combined will be $268 billion (range $162-$367 billion; 0.884-2.009 % of GDP) for 2015 and $461 billion (range $276-$1011 billion; 0.982-3.600 % of GDP) for 2025. These 2015 figures are on a par with recent estimates for diabetes and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and exceed the costs of stroke and hypertension. If the prevalence of ASD continues to grow as it has in recent...
Source: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - July 17, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Leigh JP, Du J Tags: J Autism Dev Disord Source Type: research

Genetic analysis of genes causing hypertension and stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Gene expression profiles in the kidneys.
Abstract Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and stroke-prone SHRs (SHRSP) are frequently used as models not only of essential hypertension and stroke, but also of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats are normally used as controls in these studies. In the present study, we aimed to identify the genes causing hypertension and stroke, as well as the genes involved in ADHD using these rats. We previously analyzed gene expression profiles in the adrenal glands and brain. Since the kidneys can directly influence the functions of the cardiovascular, endocrine and sy...
Source: International Journal of Molecular Medicine - July 10, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Watanabe Y, Yoshida M, Yamanishi K, Yamamoto H, Okuzaki D, Nojima H, Yasunaga T, Okamura H, Matsunaga H, Yamanishi H Tags: Int J Mol Med Source Type: research

Fasting Serum Glucose and Cholesterol as Predictors of Cardiovascular Reactivity to Acute Stress in a Sample of African American College Students.
CONCLUSIONS: FSG was a better predictor of cardiovascular reactivity to stress than serum cholesterol concentration, predicting mean arterial pressure and stroke volume. This finding may be due to the association of glucose with diabetes, which is more prevalent in African Americans. PMID: 26118145 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Ethnicity and Disease - June 30, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Tags: Ethn Dis Source Type: research

Clinical and Neuroimaging Features in Two Children with Mutations in the Mitochondrial ND5 Gene
This study reports the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in two pediatric patients with mutations in the ND5 gene of mitochondrial DNA. The 8-month-old boy with m.13513 G > A mutation presented with infantile basal ganglia stroke syndrome secondary to mineralizing angiopathy. The 7-year-old girl with the m.13514A > G mutation had episodic regression, progressive ataxia, optic atrophy, and hyperactivity. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed bilateral symmetrical signal intensity changes in the thalamus, tectal plate, and inferior olivary nucleus, which subsided on follow-up image. Both...
Source: Neuropediatrics - May 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Sonam, KothariBindu, P. S.Taly, Arun B.Govindaraju, ChikkannaGayathri, NarayanappaArvinda, Hanumanthapura R.Nagappa, MadhuSinha, SanjibKhan, Nahid AktharGovindaraj, PeriyasamyThangaraj, Kumarasamy Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research

No such thing as baby brain, study argues
Conclusion The researchers conclude that although the pregnant women reported memory problems, these did not show up on their tests. However, this does not take into account their pre-pregnancy ability. The women may have performed better before they got pregnant, which is why they are now reporting memory problems. None of these women were tested before they got pregnant, which is the major limitation of the study. The researchers say that because there were a similar number of students in each group, the women in the control group was a good enough representation of how the pregnant women would have performed pre-pregna...
Source: NHS News Feed - April 8, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Mental health Neurology Pregnancy/child Source Type: news

Assessment of potential cardiovascular risks of methylphenidate in comparison with sibutramine: do we need a SCOUT (trial)?
Abstract With the recent approval of methylphenidate (MPH) for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, the number of patients exposed will increase tremendously. The ongoing debate on the cardiovascular safety of MPH has triggered two large retrospective cohort studies in children and adolescents as well as in young to middle-aged adults. These studies looked into serious cardiovascular events (sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and stroke) as primary endpoints and concluded that MPH was safe after a mean duration of 2.1 years of follow-up in children and adolescent...
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - March 17, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Resting-state sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) power predicts the ability to up-regulate SMR in an EEG-instrumental conditioning paradigm
During instrumental conditioning of EEG activity (EEG-IC), participants receive feedback of a specific aspect of their brain signals (Lubar et al., 1995), e.g. feedback on the power of a certain frequency band. Desired patterns of EEG activity are rewarded by visual or auditory stimuli, thus enabling participants to modulate their brain activity by means of instrumental conditioning. EEG-IC training has been used to treat patients with disorders such as epilepsy (Sterman and Egner, 2006), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Arns et al., 2009) and stroke (Doppelmayr et al., 2007), as well as in healthy participants (H...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 6, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Johanna Louise Reichert, Silvia Erika Kober, Christa Neuper, Guilherme Wood Source Type: research

What is the Remission Rate for Antithyroid Drug Treatment for Hyperthyroidism in Children?
Discussion The thyroid gland secrets two hormones – T4 which is a prohormone and T3 which is the biologically active hormone. Receptors for T3 are found in nearly all body tissues. T3 regulates metabolism and energy production. Organs most affected are the heart, liver and central nervous system as well as growth of the fetus and child. Hyperthyroidism is common with a prevalence rate of about 1-2% for women and 0.2% for men. The most common cause of thyrotoxicosis is Grave’s disease where autoantibodies to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) exist. These autoantibodies attach to thyroid tissue TSH receptors and...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - January 26, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity in neurological critical care
Conclusion: PSH is an unusual complication in neurocritical care. It prolonged the hospitalization and hampers recovery. The other life-threatening conditions that mimic PSH should be excluded. The association with JE and tuberculous meningitis was not previously described in literature.
Source: Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine - January 6, 2015 Category: Intensive Care Authors: Rajesh VermaPrithvi GiriImran Rizvi Source Type: research

How Long You Sleep May Be In Your Genes
This study is one of the first to begin identifying these genetic differences, and will hopefully help us better understand the causes of sleep disorders and their relation to other important conditions, such as diabetes and psychiatric disorders." [5 Things You Must Know About Sleep] Previous research has linked both sleeping too much and sleeping too little with health problems such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, psychiatric illness and even premature mortality, according to the study. For example, in a 2013 study published in the journal PLOS ONE, researchers found that the risk of type 2 diabetes wa...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - December 6, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news