Cardiology MCQs
Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt is:
End to side anastomosis of subclavian artery to a pulmonary artery
Side to side anastomosis of main pulmonary artery to aorta
Side to side anastomosis of subclavian artery to a pulmonary artery using a conduit
Anastomosis of superior vena cava to right pulmonary artery
Correct answer: 3. Side to side anastomosis of subclavian artery to a pulmonary artery using a conduit
In classic Blalock-Taussig shunt, the subclavian artery is divided and anastomosed to the pulmonary artery as an end to side anastomosis. In modified Blalock – Taussig shunt, a Gore – Tex graft is used to connect th...
Source: Cardiophile MD - July 4, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis Tags: Cardiology MCQ DM / DNB Cardiology Entrance Source Type: blogs
Emerging Trends: Technology ’s Response To Alzheimer’s Disease
In our new series, Emerging Trends, we are looking at those technologies in digital health that are on a particular ‘hype cycle’ – technologies and solutions that currently stand out from the rest because of their novelty, timeliness, or greatness. These are solutions everyone’s talking about or the ones they should.
Technological solutions to cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease, in particular, are rising with increasing pipeline drug development, promising biomarkers, and more. Let’s jump right in.
Liza Marshall was “over the moon” when she said yes to the love of her life in a small cerem...
Source: The Medical Futurist - June 29, 2021 Category: Information Technology Authors: berci.mesko Tags: Forecast Lifestyle medicine Artificial Intelligence in Medicine E-Patients Future of Medicine Personalized Medicine Robotics Telemedicine & Smartphones alzheimer brain diagnosis digital digital health Healthcare Innovation me Source Type: blogs
Athlete ’ s heart
Athlete’s heart
Athlete’s heart denotes structural, functional and electrical remodeling seen in trained athletes. It is a physiological adaptation helping athletes perform physical tasks better than non-athletes [1]. Though most of the findings in athlete’s heart are related to the left ventricle, changes do occur in the right ventricle as well.
Effect of exercise on the left ventricle
During aerobic exercise which is isotonic, the heart rate and stroke volume increases. Systemic vascular resistance falls, but slight to moderate increase in blood pressure can occur due to the increased cardiac output. As...
Source: Cardiophile MD - June 12, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis Tags: Cardiology Source Type: blogs
Non invasive cardiac output monitoring
Conventionally, measurement of cardiac output was done invasively. Initially with dye dilution techniques and later by thermodilution techniques. Both needed pulmonary artery catheterization, which in turn was likely to cause morbidity if used for continuous monitoring. Almost all non-invasive cardiac imaging modalities like echocardiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear imaging can measure cardiac output. But these are not suitable for bedside monitoring, though echocardiography may be used for intermittent bedside assessment.
Assessment of cardiac output though desirable, was most often ti...
Source: Cardiophile MD - June 6, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis Tags: Cardiology Source Type: blogs
Management of aortic dissection
Aortic dissection is the most common aortic emergency. It is one of the three acute aortic syndromes, the others being aortic intramural hematoma and penetrating aortic ulcer. It has a grave prognosis with 20% pre hospital and 30% in hospital mortality. Aortic dissection is generally considered as acute when diagnosis is made within 14 days of onset and chronic after that. An intimal and medial tear in the aorta causes blood to seep into the media and the false lumen usually progresses along a variable extend of the aorta. Important risk factors for aortic dissection are hypertension, Marfan syndrome and bicuspid aortic ...
Source: Cardiophile MD - May 4, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis Tags: Angiography and Interventions Cardiac Surgery Source Type: blogs
Non-compaction of left ventricle
Non-compaction of left ventricle is often classified as a cardiomyopathy and is characterized by abnormal deep trabeculations, which is more at the apex [1]. Left ventricular non-compaction can be associated with left ventricular dilatation or hypertrophy. Systolic and diastolic dysfunction can occur and other congenital heart diseases can be associated. Ventricular arrhythmias and complete atrioventricular block can occur and present as syncope or sudden cardiac death.
Genetic transmission has been noted in 30-50% of patients and several genes have been implicated. NOTCH signaling pathway seems to be the final common pa...
Source: Cardiophile MD - April 23, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis Tags: Cardiology Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, April 5th 2021
In this study, the research team designed a way to identify small molecules that improve the function of ABCA1 in the body while avoiding unwanted effects to the liver. The researchers honed in on a specific small molecule, CL2-57, due to its ability to stimulate ABCA1 activity with positive effects on liver and plasma triglycerides. The use of this compound showed improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, as well as reduced weight gain, among other beneficial effects.
Age-Related Upregulation of Autophagy as a Possible Contribution to Bat Longevity
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2021/04/age-rel...
Source: Fight Aging! - April 4, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Exercise Programs Boost Blood Flow to the Aging Brain
Some fraction of aging in the brain is due to a reduced blood flow to brain tissue, and thus a reduced delivery of nutrients and oxygen to brain cells. Vascular aging reduces the density of capillary networks in tissue, and increases stiffness of blood vessels. Equally, a sedentary lifestyle - and, later, heart failure - reduces the ability of the heart to pump blood uphill to the brain. Structured exercise programs consistent demonstrate health benefits in older individuals, likely because near everyone in later life fails to undertake sufficient exercise. Here, researchers show that one of those benefits is an increased ...
Source: Fight Aging! - March 30, 2021 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
A.I. In Healthcare: 8 Exciting Insights From A New E-Book
Far from being the futuristic promise it once was, artificial intelligence (A.I.) is an unavoidable eventuality in virtually all sectors. Heeding to its potential, governments around the world are collaborating and taking steps to ensure the responsible development and use of A.I. One such recent example is the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) jointly created by 14 governments and the European Union in 2020.
Healthcare will also need to brace itself for this disruptive force. Already, the number of life science studies published around A.I. rose from 1,600 in 2010 to 7,300 in 2020. The technology is ...
Source: The Medical Futurist - March 4, 2021 Category: Information Technology Authors: Pranavsingh Dhunnoo Tags: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Digital Health Research E-Patients Future of Medicine Future of Pharma Healthcare Design Healthcare Policy Medical Education Robotics Security & Privacy algorithm database fda MRI physician Source Type: blogs
A.I. In Healthcare, 2021: 8 Exciting Insights From The E-Book
Far from being the futuristic promise it once was, artificial intelligence (A.I.) is an unavoidable eventuality in virtually all sectors. Heeding to its potential, governments around the world are collaborating and taking steps to ensure the responsible development and use of A.I. One such recent example is the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) jointly created by 14 governments and the European Union in 2020.
Healthcare will also need to brace itself for this disruptive force. Already, the number of life science studies published around A.I. rose from 1,600 in 2010 to 7,300 in 2020. The technology is ...
Source: The Medical Futurist - March 4, 2021 Category: Information Technology Authors: Pranavsingh Dhunnoo Tags: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Digital Health Research E-Patients Future of Medicine Future of Pharma Healthcare Design Healthcare Policy Medical Education Robotics Security & Privacy algorithm database fda MRI physician Source Type: blogs
Discordant grading of severity of aortic stenosis
Discordance between various measures of severity of aortic stenosis (AS) is considered as discordant grading of severity of aortic stenosis or simply discordant AS. Severe aortic stenosis has aortic Vmax ≥4.0 m/s, mean gradient ≥40 mm Hg and effective orifice area (EOA) ≤1.0 sq. cm. Peak aortic velocity and mean gradient are flow dependent measurements, while effective orifice area and Doppler velocity index are relatively flow independent.
About 20-30% of patients may have discordant measures of severity of aortic stenosis on echocardiography [1]. Discordance is mostly between effective orifice area and Vmax/Doppl...
Source: Cardiophile MD - February 24, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis Tags: Echocardiography discordant aortic stenosis discordant AS hybrid imaging hybrid imaging to assess LVOT measurement pseudo severe aortic stenosis pseudo severe AS Source Type: blogs
Septal bounce and septal shudder in constrictive pericarditis
Septal bounce
Septal bounce is also called respirophasic ventricular septal shift [1, 2]. It is an early diastolic posterior motion of the interventricular septum. Septal bounce is a sign of ventricular interdependence noted in constrictive pericarditis. The sign may be seen on echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac computed tomography. Mechanism has been studied by simultaneous cardiac catheterization and echocardiography [2]. Septal bounce was the most consistent sign among 39 cases of constrictive pericarditis evaluated by two independent observers in a study [3]. Septal ‘bounce’...
Source: Cardiophile MD - January 12, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prof. Dr. Johnson Francis Tags: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance imaging Echocardiography respirophasic ventricular septal shift septal bounce septal bounce in constrictive pericarditis septal shudder septal shudder in constrictive pericarditis ventricular interdependence Source Type: blogs
Machine learning study finds standardized brain scan biomarker to detect depression with 66% accuracy
New Study Brings Biomarkers For Depression Closer To The Clinic (Forbes):
Scientists have been studying biological signs of depression in the brain, looking for markers that could be used to identify the disorder. A team of scientists recently developed a technique using machine learning that can identify whether a given patient’s brain scan shows one of depression’s neural signatures…
Clinicians currently diagnose major depressive disorder, commonly called depression, based on a patient’s reported symptoms, like changes in mood, activity enjoyment, appetite or sleeping, for example. But people with depression can ...
Source: SharpBrains - January 6, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: SharpBrains Tags: Brain/ Mental Health Technology & Innovation brain markers brain-scan clinical applicability depression EEG machine-learning neural signature neural signatures neuroscience Source Type: blogs
COVID-19 and the heart: What have we learned?
Early in the pandemic, epidemiologists made a striking observation. Compared to the general population, people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) were more than twice as likely to contract severe forms of COVID-19. In the last six months, death rates from COVID-19 have dropped significantly, but CVD remains a major predictor of poor outcome. What have we learned about heart disease and COVID-19 in that time?
Pre-existing heart conditions and poor metabolic health increase risk of severe COVID-19
As I described in a blog post back in April, some health conditions, like diabetes, increase risk of severe COVID-19 by suppressin...
Source: Harvard Health Blog - January 6, 2021 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Dara K. Lee Lewis, MD Tags: Coronavirus and COVID-19 Heart Health Source Type: blogs
ST Depression Maximal in V1-V4 and Angio shows 3 Vessel Disease. Is it posterior? Which is the culprit?
A 70-something woman had acute chest pain.The ECG was texted to me with the words: " Acute chest pain. Could this be posterior MI? What do you make of the ST depression in V4-V6? "What do you think?My response: " The ST depression is maximal in V1-V4. This is most consistent with a posterior MI. If it sounds clinically like acute MI then this is good for activating the cath lab. "Her response: " Yeah, I did activate. But the cardiology fellow told me he was sure it would not be a posterior MI because of diffuse ST depression. He suggested that we should have consulted cardiology rather than activati...
Source: Dr. Smith's ECG Blog - December 23, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Steve Smith Source Type: blogs
