Reviewing Work on CISD2, a Mammalian Longevity Gene
Few genes have been shown to robustly alter mammalian longevity as a result of altered expression, with data obtained primarily in mice. Klotho is perhaps the most well known and well studied of that small but steadily growing portfolio. The topic of today's open access paper is another of these longevity genes, CISD2. Loss of CISD2 shortens lifespan, while increased expression extends life span in mice. CISD2 is upregulated after exercise, and may act through autophagy, a common factor in many approaches shown to modestly slow aging in laboratory species. Like other approaches to upregulation of autophagy, increased CISD2...
Source: Fight Aging! - December 5, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, December 5th 2022
In conclusion, the PAAIs examined (i.e. mTOR loss of function, Ghrhr loss of function, intermittent fasting-based version of dietary restriction) often influenced age-sensitive traits in a direct way and not by slowing age-dependent change. Previous studies often failed to include young animals subjected to PAAI to account for age-independent PAAI effects. However, any study not accounting for such age-independent intervention effects will be prone to overestimate the extent to which an intervention delays the effects of aging on the phenotypes studied. This can result in a considerable bias of our view on how modifiable a...
Source: Fight Aging! - December 4, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Calorie Restriction as a Treatment to Slow Parkinson's Disease
Calorie restriction is known to suppress inflammation to some degree, alongside many other benefits to health that result from the reaction of cells and biological systems to a reduced calorie intake. Since chronic inflammation in brain tissue is implicated in the onset and development of neurodegenerative conditions, this makes calorie restriction a topic of interest in this part of the field. With a few exceptions, that interest largely manifests as research aimed at reproducing some of the metabolic alterations of calorie restriction with small molecule drugs, however, rather than more more rigorously testing calorie re...
Source: Fight Aging! - December 2, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, November 28th 2022
This study explored whether determining the gain or loss of specific taxa represent a more precise metric of healthy/unhealthy aging than summary microbiome statistics, such as diversity and uniqueness. We analyzed microbiome diversity and four measures of microbiome uniqueness in 21,000 gut microbiomes for their relationship with aging and health. We show that diversity and uniqueness measures are not synonymous; uniqueness is not a uniformly desirable feature of the aging microbiome, nor is it an accurate biomarker of healthy aging. Different measures of uniqueness show different associations with diversity and with mark...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 27, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Targeting the Aging of the Immune System in the Context of Frailty
The immune system declines into a state of incapacity (immunosenescence) and chronic inflammation (inflammaging) with advancing age. Unresolved inflammatory signaling is disruptive of tissue function in many ways, from reduced stem cell activity to pathologically altered somatic cell behavior. It is thought to be important in the declining muscle mass and strength that contributes to age-related frailty. Thus addressing immune aging is a significant and important target in the treatment of aging as a whole.
Frailty is a highly prevalent geriatric syndrome that has attracted significant attention from physicians an...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 25, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, November 21st 2022
In this study researchers added new insight, showing that high-intensity aerobic exercise, which derives its energy from sugar, can reduce the risk of metastatic cancer by as much as 72%. If so far the general message to the public has been 'be active, be healthy', now researchers can explain how aerobic activity can maximize the prevention of the most aggressive and metastatic types of cancer.
The study combined an animal model in which mice were trained under a strict exercise regimen, with data from healthy human volunteers examined before and after running. The human data, obtained from an epidemiological study ...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 20, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Anemia in cardiac failure : Needs little more attention
HF is the inability (or reduced ability) to supply oxygen and other nutrients to fulfill the body’s demands. In the process, the heart either fights or flights, and results in symptoms due to hemodynamic alterations, or adversities of neuro-hormonal activation.
Now, what is Anemia? Anemia is a condition with reduced or dysfunctional RBCs. that directly interferes with oxygen delivery to tissues. It is not at all a coincidence, the core functions of the heart and blood are strikingly similar and intertwined. While the heart is the powerhouse of the circulatory system, without good-quality blood, the greatness of th...
Source: Dr.S.Venkatesan MD - November 19, 2022 Category: Cardiology Authors: dr s venkatesan Tags: Uncategorized anemia in cardiac failure Source Type: blogs
Reprogramming Alone is Not Sufficient
Epigenetic reprogramming is a process of exposing cells to the Yamanaka factors for a long enough period of time to shift their epigenome towards that found in youthful tissues, but not for so long as to cause any meaningful number of them to change state into pluripotent stem cells. It is an attempt to reproduce aspects of the cellular rejuvenation that occurs in the initial stages of embryogenesis, without harming the functional specialization of the cells so altered. It works surprisingly well in animal studies, considering all of the very reasonable a priori objections as to why we should believe that such an embryonic...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 18, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Science Snippet: ATP ’s Amazing Power
ATP (yellow) powering a protein (blue) that moves material within cells and helps them divide. Credit: Charles Sindelar, Yale University.
Just as electricity powers almost every modern gadget, the tiny molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the major source of energy for organisms’ biochemical reactions. ATP stores energy in the chemical bonds that hold its three phosphate groups together—the triphosphate part of its name. In the human body, ATP powers processes such as cell signaling, muscle contraction, nerve firing, and DNA and RNA synthesis. Because our cells are constantly using and producing ATP, each of us t...
Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - November 16, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Cells Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Molecular Structures Cellular Processes Science Snippet Source Type: blogs
How Mitochondria Selectively Remove Damaged Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA becomes damaged more readily than nuclear DNA, as the systems of DNA repair in mitochondria are less effective, and the DNA structures are less well protected. Some forms of mitochondrial DNA damage can cause mitochondria to become dysfunction while also replicating more efficiently than their peers, leading to pathological cells overtaken by pathological mitochondria that cause damage to their surroundings. As an opposing force, there appear to be ways in which mitochondria can selectively eliminate damaged DNA under some circumstances. Can these mechanisms be meaningfully enhanced to reduce mitochondria...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 16, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
A Commentary on Mitophagy
Mitophagy is the process of selecting and breaking down worn mitochondria. There are hundreds of mitochondria in every cell, and regular removal of damaged mitochondrial followed by replacement through replication of viable mitochondria is needed in order to prevent harm to cell functions. Unfortunately, mitophagy appears to become less effective with age, for a variety of reasons, including changes in mitochondrial dynamics, and failures in broader autophagic processes responsible for moving mitochondria to a lysosome for enzymatic deconstruction. Numerous research groups aim to produce small molecule drugs or supplements...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 16, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, November 14th 2022
In this study, we show that TXNIP is vital for the cell fate choice when cells are challenged by various stress signals. Furthermore, prolonged IGF1 treatment leads to the establishment of a premature senescence phenotype characterized by a unique senescence network signature. Combined IGF1/TXNIP-induced premature senescence can be associated with a typical secretory inflammatory phenotype that is mediated by STAT3/IL-1A signaling. Finally, these mechanistic insights might help with the understanding of basic aspects of IGF1-related pathologies in the clinical setting.
Investigating the Ability of Type 2 Diabetes...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 13, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Considering Mitophagy in the Aging Nervous System
Mitophagy is the selective version of autophagy focused on recycling mitochondria. Every cell contains hundreds of mitochondria, their primary responsibility the generation of chemical energy store molecules to power cellular processes. Mitochondria are the descendants of ancient symbiotic bacteria. They lead dynamic lives, replicating like bacteria, passing component parts around, and fusing together. Mitophagy is a quality control mechanism, removing damaged mitochondria in order to prevent cellular dysfunction. A good deal of evidence suggests that age-related declines in mitochondrial function are in large part caused ...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 8, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, November 7th 2022
In conclusion, the national prevalence of dementia and MCI in 2016 found in this cross-sectional study was similar to that of other US-based studies.
Clearing Microglia Reverses Age-Related Disruption of Sleeping Patterns in Mice
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2022/11/clearing-microglia-reverses-age-related-disruption-of-sleeping-patterns-in-mice/
Microglia are innate immune cells of the central nervous system. They are analogous to macrophages in the rest of the body, but undertake additional duties relating to the function of neurons and in brain tissue. Microglia become overly active and inflamm...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 6, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
What is the Relationship Between Hearing Loss and Alzheimer's Disease?
Age-related hearing loss correlates with the risk of onset and progression of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. There is some question as to whether this correlation exists because similar processes of neurodegeneration produce both outcomes, or whether one drives the other, or whether there is a bidirectional relationship. It seems plausible that reduced sensory input can accelerate decline of neural networks that run on a "use it or lose it" basis, though current thinking is also focused on reduced quality of sensory input causing functional issues in neural processing. Either way, the question re...
Source: Fight Aging! - November 3, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
