Behaviour Change Techniques in Computerized Cognitive Training for Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review
AbstractWe aimed to describe behaviour change techniques (BCT) used in trials evaluating computerised cognitive training (CCT) in cognitively healthy older adults, and explore whether BCTs are associated with improved adherence and efficacy. The 90 papers included in a recent meta-analysis were reviewed for information about adherence and use of BCTs in accordance with the Behaviour Change Taxonomy. Studies using a specific BCT were compared with studies not using that BCT on efficacy (difference in Hedges ’ g [Δg]) using three level meta-regression models and on median adherence using the Wilcoxon test. The median numb...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - February 14, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Impact of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Reading Processes: A Systematic Review
AbstractThe current systematic review examines the behavioral effects of TMS on reading. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to targeted nodes of the brain ’s reading network has been shown to impact reading. Extracted data included (a) study characteristics, (b) methodology, (c) targeted nodes, (d) control paradigm, (e) type of reading task, (f) adverse effects, and (g) main findings. Data was classified by type of reading task: 1) phonological proc essing, 2) semantic judgment, 3) lexical decision, 4) whole word reading, and 5) visual or text characteristics. Seventy records from 46 studies (n = 844) were ident...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - February 4, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neural Correlates of Impaired Self-awareness of Deficits after Acquired Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
In conclusion, after ABI, different results in brain activation and connectivity are found depending on level of awareness measured. Future studies are necessary to confirm these findings. (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - February 3, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neuropsychological Interventions for Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
AbstractThe aim of this network meta-analysis was to evaluate the comparative effects of neuropsychological interventions for cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), and to rank the best intervention options for adult cancer patients with CRCI. Twenty-seven eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched, and a total of six interventions identified: cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT), cognitive rehabilitation (CR), cognitive training (CT), meditation/mindfulness-based interventions, psychoeducation, and supportive care. In terms of effectiveness, the relative effect size of CBT, CR, and CT in managing subj...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - January 29, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
What is Functional Communication? A Theoretical Framework for Real-World Communication Applied to Aphasia Rehabilitation
AbstractAphasia is an impairment of language caused by acquired brain damage such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, that affects a person ’s ability to communicate effectively. The aim of rehabilitation in aphasia is to improve everyday communication, improving an individual’s ability to function in their day-to-day life. For that reason, a thorough understanding of naturalistic communication and its underlying mechanisms is imper ative. The field of aphasiology currently lacks an agreed, comprehensive, theoretically founded definition of communication. Instead, multiple disparate interpretations offunctional commun...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - January 25, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Handedness in ADHD: Meta-Analyses
We report the results of three meta-analyses (left-, mixed-, and non-right-handedness) comparing handedness in individuals with ADHD to controls (typically developing individuals). The results show evidence of a trend towards elevated levels of atypical handedness when it comes to differences in left- and mixed-handedness (p = 0.09 andp = 0.07, respectively), but do show clear evidence of elevated levels of non-right-handedness between individuals with ADHD and controls (p = 0.02). These findings are discussed in the context of the hypothesis that ADHD is a disorder in which mostly right-hemispheric brain netwo...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - January 22, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
What About the Little Ones? Systematic Review of Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes Following Early TBI
AbstractThere is increasing empirical focus on the effects of early traumatic brain injuries (TBI; i.e., before the age of six years) on child development, but this literature has never been synthetized comprehensively. This systematic review aimed to document the cognitive, academic, behavioral, socio-affective, and adaptive consequences of early TBI. Four databases (Medline, PsycNET, CINAHL, PubMed) were systematically searched from 1990 to 2019 using key terms pertaining to TBI and early childhood. Of 12, 153 articles identified in the initial search, 43 were included. Children who sustain early TBI are at-risk for a ra...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - January 7, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Assessment Tools for Executive Function and Adaptive Function Following Brain Pathology Among Children in Developing Country Contexts: a Scoping Review of Current Tools
AbstractSeveral tools have been developed to assess executive function (EFs) and adaptive functioning, although in mainly Western populations. Information on tools for low-and-middle-income country children is scanty. A scoping review of such instruments was therefore undertaken.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis- Scoping Review extension (PRISMA-ScR) checklist (Tricco et al., inAnnals of Internal Medicine 169(7), 467 –473,2018). A search was made for primary research papers of all study designs that focused on development or adaptation of EF or adaptive function tools in lo...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - December 6, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognitive Intra-individual Variability in HIV: an Integrative Review
AbstractNearly 30 –50% of people living with HIV experience HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). HAND indicates performance at least one standard deviation below the normative mean on any two cognitive domains. This method for diagnosing or classifying cognitive impairment has utility, however, cognitive intraindividual variability provides a different way to understand cognitive impairment. Cognitive intraindividual variability refers to the scatter in cognitive performance within repeated measures of the same cognitive test (i.e., inconsistency) or across different cognitive tests (i.e., dispersio n). Cogniti...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - November 26, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Meta-Analytic Review of the Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Neurocognitive Outcomes in Adults Living with HIV-1 in Low-and Middle-Income Countries
AbstractHIV-associated neurocognitive impairment remains a challenge even in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Over 90% of people living with HIV are in low- and middle-income countries. Hence, it is not surprising that such countries bear a considerable burden of comorbidities like HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment despite an overall increase in life expectancy. The literature suggests differences in patient characteristics, clinical profile, prevalent HIV subtypes, treatment choices, pharmacogenetics, and socioeconomic factors between low- and middle-income countries compared with high-income countries. The...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - November 10, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Subjective Cognitive Decline: Level of Risk for Future Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment, a Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
AbstractSubjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) in older adults has been identified as a risk factor for dementia, although the literature is inconsistent, and it is unclear which factors moderate progression from SCD to dementia. Through separate meta-analyses, we aimed to determine if SCD increased the risk of developing dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Furthermore, we examined several possible moderators. Longitudinal studies of participants with SCD at baseline, with data regarding incident dementia or MCI, were extracted from MEDLINE and PsycINFO. Articles were excluded if SCD occurred solely in the context of ...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - November 8, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Relationship Between Cognitive Functioning and Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults with a Traumatic Brain Injury: a Meta-Analysis
AbstractA thorough understanding of the relationship between cognitive test performance and symptoms of depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important given the high prevalence of these emotional symptoms following injury. It is also important to understand whether these relationships are affected by TBI severity, and the validity of test performance and symptom report. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate whether these symptoms are associated with cognitive test performance alterations in adults with a TBI. This meta-analysis was prospectiv...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - October 25, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Characterising Demographic, Clinical and Functional Features of Cognitive Subgroups in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review
AbstractConsiderable cognitive heterogeneity is present within the schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) population. Several subgroups characterised by more homogenous cognitive profiles have been identified. It is not yet clear however, whether these subgroups represent different points along a continuum of cognitive symptom severity, or whether they reflect unique profiles of the disorder. One way to determine this is by comparing subgroups on their non-cognitive characteristics. The aim of the present review was to systematically summarise our current understanding of the non-cognitive features of the cognitive subgroup...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - October 25, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Evaluation of Digital Drawing Tests and Paper-and-Pencil Drawing Tests for the Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Studies
This study was performed according to PRISMA and the guidelines proposed by the Cochrane Diagnostic Test Accuracy Working Group. A bivariate random-effects model was used to compare the diagnostic performance of these drawing tests and presented with a summary receiver-operating characteristic curve. The primary outcome was the diagnostic performance of clock drawing test (CDT). Other types of drawing tests were the secondary outcomes. A total of 90 studies with 22,567 participants were included. In the screening of MCI, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of the digital CDT was 0.86 (95% CI = 0.75 to 0.92) and 0.9...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - October 16, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Impact of Right Temporal Lobe Epilepsy On Nonverbal Memory: Meta-regression of Stimulus- and Task-related Moderators
AbstractNonverbal memory tests have great potential value for detecting the impact of lateralized pathology and predicting the risk of memory loss following right temporal lobe resection (TLR) for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, but this potential has not been realized. Previous reviews suggest that stimulus type moderates the capacity of nonverbal memory tests to detect right-lateralized pathology (i.e., faces > designs), but the roles of other task-related factors have not been systematically explored. We address these limitations using mixed model meta-regression (k = 158) of right-lateralization eff...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - September 24, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
