The Role of Working Memory and Short-Term Memory in Sentence Comprehension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Probable Alzheimer ’s Disease
AbstractThe role of either short-term memory (STM) or working memory (WM) in sentence comprehension is a matter of debate. Although it is commonly accepted that memory resources are necessary for sentence comprehension, there is no agreement regarding the nature of their role. The aim of this review is to investigate and synthesize assessment tools and correlation data between STM or WM and sentence comprehension in probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). To this aim, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, and LLBA datab...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 2, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Instruments to Assess Cognitive Reserve Among Older Adults: a Systematic Review of Measurement Properties
AbstractCognitive reserve explains the differences in the susceptibility to cognitive impairment related to brain aging, pathology, or insult. Given that cognitive reserve has important implications for the cognitive health of typically and pathologically aging older adults, research needs to identify valid and reliable instruments for measuring cognitive reserve. However, the measurement properties of current cognitive reserve instruments used in older adults have not been evaluated according to the most up-to-dateCOnsensus-basedStandards for the selection of health statusMeasurementINstruments (COSMIN). This systematic r...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 28, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Segregation of Neural Circuits Involved in Social Gaze and Non-Social Arrow Cues: Evidence from an Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis
AbstractOrienting attention by social gaze cues shares some characteristics with orienting attention by non-social arrow cues, but it is unclear whether they rely on similar neural mechanisms. The present ALE-meta-analysis assessed the pattern of brain activation reported in 40 single experiments (18 with arrows, 22 with gaze), with a total number of 806 participants. Our findings show that the network for orienting attention by social gaze and by non-social arrow cues is in part functionally segregated. Orienting by both types of cues relies on the activity of brain regions involved in endogenous attention (the superior f...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 17, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Meta-Analysis of Hippocampal Volume and Episodic Memory in Preterm and Term Born Individuals
AbstractPreterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation) has been associated with memory deficits, which has prompted investigation of possible alterations in hippocampal volume in this population. However, existing literature reports varying effects of premature birth on hippocampal volume. Specifically, it is unclear whether smal ler hippocampal volume in preterm-born individuals is merely reflective of smaller total brain volume. Further, it is not clear if hippocampal volume is associated with episodic memory functioning in preterm-born individuals. Meta-analysis was used to investigate the effects of premature birth on hi ...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 15, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Musical Mnemonics in Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals and Individuals with Alzheimer ’s Dementia: A Systematic Review
AbstractBased on the idea that music acts as a mnemonic aid, musical mnemonics (i.e., sung presentation of information, also referred to as ‘music as a structural prompt’), are being used in educational and therapeutic settings. However, evidence in general and patient populations is still scarce. We investigated whether musical mnemonics affect working and episodic memory performance in cognitively unimpaired individuals and person s with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). Furthermore, we examined the possible contribution of musical expertise. We comprehensively searched the PubMed and PsycINFO databases for studies publi...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 14, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Correction to: Comparison of Cognitive Intervention Strategies for Individuals with Alzheimer ’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
(Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 10, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Correction to: Interventions with an Impact on Cognitive Functions in Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
(Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 30, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Same, Same but Different? A Multi-Method Review of the Processes Underlying Executive Control
AbstractAttention, working memory, and executive control are commonly considered distinct cognitive functions with important reciprocal interactions. Yet, longstanding evidence from lesion studies has demonstrated both overlap and dissociation in their behavioural expression and anatomical underpinnings, suggesting that a lower dimensional framework could be employed to further identify processes supporting goal-directed behaviour. Here, we describe the anatomical and functional correspondence between attention, working memory, and executive control by providing an overview of cognitive models, as well as recent data from ...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 27, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Comparison of Cognitive Intervention Strategies for Individuals With Alzheimer ’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
AbstractAccumulating evidence has shown the effectiveness of cognitive interventions, which can be divided into cognitive training (CT), cognitive stimulation (CS), cognitive rehabilitation (CR), and combined interventions (i.e., cognitive interventions combined with other non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise), in individuals with Alzheimer ’s disease (AD). However, the effectiveness of cognitive interventions varies greatly among studies and more comprehensive studies are required. We aimed to evaluate whether the current evidence shows that cognitive interventions are effective at improving cogni...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 16, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Neuropsychological Assessment of Unilateral Spatial Neglect Through Computerized and Virtual Reality Tools: A Scoping Review
AbstractUnilateral Spatial Neglect is a disabling neuropsychological deficit. Patients with spatial neglect fail to detect and report events, and to perform actions in the side of space contralateral to a hemispheric cerebral lesion. Neglect is assessed by evaluating the patients ’ abilities in daily life activities and by psychometric tests. Computer-based, portable and Virtual Reality technologies may provide more and precise data, and be more sensitive and informative, compared to current paper-and-pencil procedures. Studies since 2010, in which such technologies have b een used, are reviewed. Forty-two articles meeti...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 13, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognitive and Neuropathophysiological Outcomes of Gamma-tACS in Dementia: A Systematic Review
AbstractDespite the numerous pharmacological interventions targeting dementia, no disease-modifying therapy is available, and the prognosis remains unfavorable. A promising perspective involves tackling high-frequency gamma-band (> 30 Hz) oscillations involved in hippocampal-mediated memory processes, which are impaired from the early stages of typical Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Particularly, the positive effects of gamma-band entrainment on mouse models of AD have prompted researchers to translate such findings into huma ns using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a methodology that allows the en...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 6, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Performance Validity Test Failure in the Clinical Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Rates
AbstractPerformance validity tests (PVTs) are used to measure the validity of the obtained neuropsychological test data. However, when an individual fails a PVT, the likelihood that failure truly reflects invalid performance (i.e., the positive predictive value) depends on the base rate in the context in which the assessment takes place. Therefore, accurate base rate information is needed to guide interpretation of PVT performance. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the base rate of PVT failure in the clinical population (PROSPERO number: CRD42020164128). PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsychINFO were se...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 6, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Differences in Ex-Gaussian Parameters from Response Time Distributions Between Individuals with and Without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-analysis
AbstractAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Differences in reaction times (RT) in cognitive tasks have been consistently observed between ADHD and typical participants. Instead of estimating means and standard deviations, fitting non-symmetrical distributions like the ex-Gaussian, characterized by three parameters (µ, σ, andτ), account for the whole RT distributions. A meta-analysis is performed with all the available literature using ex-Gaussian distributions for comparisons between individuals with ADHD and controls. Re...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 6, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Embodying Time in the Brain: A Multi-Dimensional Neuroimaging Meta-Analysis of 95 Duration Processing Studies
In this study, following the recent best-practice guidelines, we conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis of 95 carefully-selected neuroimaging papers of duration processing. We categorized the included papers into 14 classes of temporal features according to six categorical dimensions. Then, using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) technique we investigated the convergent activation patterns of each class with a cluster-level family-wise error correction at p < 0.05. The regions most consistently activated across the various timing contexts were the pre-SMA and bilateral insula, consistent with an embod...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 1, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognitive Effects Following Offline High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) in Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
This study was registered on the PROSPERO international prospective protocol for systematic reviews (PROSPERO 2020 CRD 42,020,191,269). The Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to ass ess the risk of bias in randomised trials. Separate analyses examined the cognitive effects of excitatory and inhibitory forms of offline HF-rTMS on accuracy and reaction times across six cognitive domains. Fifty-three studies (N = 1507) met inclusion criteria. Excitatory offline HF-rTMS showed significant small sized effects for improving accuracy (k = 46, g = 0.12) and reaction time (k = 44, g = -0.13) across all cognitive domai...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 1, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
