Neuropsychological Impact of Trauma-Related Mental Illnesses: A Systematic Review of Clinically Meaningful Results
AbstractA trauma history is present in approximately 90% of adults in the United States. Comparatively, lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence is only 8.3% (Kilpatrick et al.Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26, 537-547,2013). A neuropsychological understanding of trauma is essential to effective trauma-informed assessments and treatments. Prior reviews have focused on PTSD, specific neuropsychological domains, and statistically rather than clinically significant results. The current systematic review investigated standardized test performance across neuropsychological domains in participants with trauma h...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - July 22, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Reconsidering the RBANS Factor Structure: a Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analytic Factor Analysis
AbstractThe primary aim was to perform a systematic literature review and extract data necessary for a meta-analytic factor analysis of the RBANS. Secondary aims were to examine the potential validity and utility of the resulting factor structure. Literature was identified through a review of PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, Psychology& Behavioral Sciences Collection, CINAHL Complete, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and SocINDEX. A two-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling method was implemented to pool correlation matrices from primary studies and perform confirmatory factor a...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - July 19, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Prevalence of Depression or Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Narcolepsy: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractA meta-analysis was conducted to review the prevalence and associated moderators of depression or depressive symptoms in patients with narcolepsy. An extensive search of the literature yielded 1104 articles and abstracts, of which 31 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that the overall pooled prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms in patients with narcolepsy was 32% (95% Confidence Interval, 28 –36%) with high between-study heterogeneity (Q = 249.77, df = 30,p < 0.001, τ2 = 0.0087,I2 = 88%). An analysis of 13 studies with healthy control groups indic...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - July 14, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Developmental Trajectory of Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Neuroimaging Studies
AbstractThis systematic review explored the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the clinical time course of cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) in breast cancer patients through the review of longitudinal neuroimaging studies. Before chemotherapy, results reported no evidence for neuropsychological, structural (gray matter) and brain perfusion changes. However, functional brain alterations were evident and revealed a frontoparietal hyperactivation during working memory tasks. Fatigue and number of days since surgery were the two suggested confounding factors. Acutely after chemotherapy, this review found no eviden...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 29, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Use of Electroencephalography as an Informative Tool in Assisting Early Clinical Management after Sport-Related Concussion: a Systematic Review
This study evaluated the associations between EEG measures and clinical presentation within three-months following SRC. A systematic review of the literature was performed in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines, yielding a total of 13 peer-reviewed articles. Most studies showed low to moderate bias and moderate to high quality. The majority of the existing literature on the impact of concussion within the first 3 months post-injury suggests that individuals with concussion show altered brain function, with E...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 22, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Effects of Cognitive Training on Brain Network Activity and Connectivity in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: a Systematic Review
AbstractCognitive training (CT) is an increasingly popular, non-pharmacological intervention for improving cognitive functioning in neurodegenerative diseases and healthy aging. Although meta-analyses support the efficacy of CT in improving cognitive functioning, the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of CT are still unclear. We performed a systematic review of literature in the PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases on controlled CT trials (N > 20) in aging and neurodegenerative diseases with pre- and post-training functional MRI outcomes up to November 23rd 2018 (PROSPERO registration number CRD42019103662). ...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 11, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Olfaction is a Marker of Severity but Not Diagnosis in Anorexia Nervosa: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractResearchers have examined if olfaction is a sensitive biomarker of anorexia nervosa, but considerable heterogeneity across studies makes it difficult to reach a consensus. This review and meta-analysis sought to clarify if olfaction is altered in individuals with anorexia nervosa and explore potential moderators of olfaction in this population. We performed quantitative and qualitative analyses of olfactory function in individuals with anorexia nervosa compared with healthy controls. A random effect model was used to estimate pooled effect sizes, and meta-regression was conducted to identify potential moderators. W...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - May 23, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Split-Brain: What We Know Now and Why This is Important for Understanding Consciousness
AbstractRecently, the discussion regarding the consequences of cutting the corpus callosum ( “split-brain”) has regained momentum (Corballis, Corballis, Berlucchi,& Marzi,Brain,141(6), e46,2018; Pinto et al.,Brain, 140(5), 1231 –1237,2017a; Pinto, Lamme,& de Haan,Brain, 140(11), e68,2017; Volz& Gazzaniga,Brain,140(7), 2051 –2060,2017; Volz, Hillyard, Miller,& Gazzaniga,Brain,141(3), e15,2018). This collective review paper aims to summarize the empirical common ground, to delineate the different interpretations, and to identify the remaining questions. In short, callosotomy leads to a broad breakdown...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - May 11, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms that Predict Cognitive Decline or Impairment in Cognitively Normal Middle-Aged or Older Adults: a Meta-Analysis
This study aimed to systematically review the literature and determine which behavioral and psychological symptoms are most predictive of future cognitive decline among individuals with no pre-existing cognitive impairments. The selected studies included middle-aged or older adults without cognitive impairments. The predictors were assessed using behavioral and psychological questionnaires, or diagnostic interviews, to identify non-cognitive symptoms or psychiatric clinical conditions. The follow-up period was at least one year, and the design of the selected studies was either retrospective or prospective. This study comp...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - May 10, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Depression and Cognitive Control across the Lifespan: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractDepression has been shown to negatively impact neurocognitive functions, particularly those governed by fronto-subcortical networks, such as executive functions. Converging evidence suggests that depression-related executive dysfunction is greater at older ages, however, this has not been previously confirmed by meta-analysis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, using three-level models, on peer-reviewed studies that examined depression-related differences in cognitive control in healthy community-dwelling individuals of any age. We focused on studies of cognitive control as defined by the National ...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - May 7, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognition-Oriented Treatments for Older Adults: a Systematic Overview of Systematic Reviews
AbstractCognition-oriented treatments – commonly categorized as cognitive training, cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation – are promising approaches for the prevention of cognitive and functional decline in older adults. We conducted a systematic overview of meta-analyses investigating the efficacy of cognition-oriented treatments on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes in older adults with or without cognitive impairment. Review quality was assessed by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR). We identified 51 eligible reviews, 46 of which were included in the quantitative synthesis. The...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 6, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Meta-Analysis of Neuropsychological Predictors of Outcome Following Stroke and Other Non-Traumatic Acquired Brain Injuries in Adults
AbstractA number of cognitive abilities have been reported to predict outcome following a non-traumatic acquired brain injury (ABI) in adults. However, the results are inconsistent. Furthermore, the unique and combined capacity of these cognitive abilities to predict ABI outcome has not been evaluated. Consequently, we employed meta-analysis and multiple regression to evaluate the capacity of various neuropsychological domains to predict two separate outcome variables in adults: (1) activities of daily living; and (2) quality of life. Based on the activities of daily living meta-analysis (N = 2384), we estimated the fo...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 19, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cerebellar Contributions to Proactive and Reactive Control in the Stop Signal Task: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies
AbstractThe cerebellum facilitates and modulates cognitive functions using forward and inverse internal models to predict and control behavior, respectively. Despite neuroimaging evidence that regions of the cerebellum are active during executive function (EF) tasks in general, little is known about the cerebellum ’s role in specific EFs and their underlying neural networks. Inhibitory control specifically may be facilitated by cerebellar internal models predicting responses during proactive control (withholding), and controlling responses during reactive control (inhibiting). The stop signal task (SST) is an inhibitory ...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 17, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Correction to: Bilingualism Is Associated with a Delayed Onset of Dementia but Not with a Lower Risk of Developing it: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses
The original version of this article unfortunately contained the following mistakes. (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 12, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Inhibitory Control Deficits in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: a Meta-Analysis
AbstractAmnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a prodromal stage of Alzheimer ’s disease that is characterized by impairments in episodic memory. Recent evidence has shown that inhibitory control is also impaired in aMCI. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to quantify inhibitory control ability in individuals with aMCI by examining performance across a range of well-d efined inhibition paradigms that tapped into one of three inhibitory control subtypes (i) interference control (e.g., Stroop task), (ii) response inhibition (e.g., Go/Nogo task), or (iii) inhibition of cognitive sets (Wisconsin Card Sort Task). ...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 11, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
