Roles of the Amygdala and Basal Forebrain in Defense: a Reply to Luyck Et al. and Implications for Defensive Action
AbstractThe commentary by Luyck and colleagues on our paper provides many stimulating viewpoints and interpretations of our original study on dissociable responses in the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in threat processing. Here, we reply to some of the points raised and while agreeing with most of the comments also provide some alternative viewpoints. We end by putting forward a research agenda for how to further investigate the roles of these regions in threat processing, with an emphasis on studying their roles in defensive action. (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 18, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Roles of the Amygdala and Basal Forebrain in Defense: a Reply to Lucyk Et al. and Implications for Defensive Action
AbstractThe commentary by Luyck and colleagues on our paper provides many stimulating viewpoints and interpretations of our original study on dissociable responses in the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in threat processing. Here, we reply to some of the points raised and while agreeing with most of the comments also provide some alternative viewpoints. We end by putting forward a research agenda for how to further investigate the roles of these regions in threat processing, with an emphasis on studying their roles in defensive action. (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 18, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Role of the Amygdala and the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Emotional Regulation: Implications for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
AbstractThe importance of the amygdala as a salience detector and in emotional learning is now well accepted. The mechanisms that regulate and inhibit the amygdala, however, are less well understood. This review provides evidence from imaging and lesion studies to support the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) as a moderator and inhibitor of the amygdala. Thedual inhibition model centres on the broadly defined ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the distinct role of two of its subcomponents, the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. Thedual inhibition model posits that these two...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 13, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Efficacy of Pharmacological Interventions in Targeting Decision-Making Impairments across Substance and Behavioral Addictions
AbstractDecision-making impairments reflect tendencies towards risky or unwise choices as manifested by presence of psychiatric symptoms or cognitive impairment (e.g. representation of value, inhibitory control-response selection, learning). Such impairments are suggested by the hallmark symptoms of substance and behavioral addictions, which include escalation over time (of substance intake or a given behavior), lack of control, neglect of other domains of life, and cognitive distortions (such as ‘chasing losses’ in gambling disorder). Amongst the putative behavioral addictions, most epidemiological data exist for gamb...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 8, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Decision-Making in Offender Populations with Mental Disorder
AbstractDecision-making has many different definitions and is measured in varied ways using neuropsychological tasks. Offenders with mental disorder habitually make disadvantageous decisions, but no study has systematically appraised the literature. This review aimed to clarify the field by bringing together different neuropsychological measures of decision-making, and using meta-analysis and systematic review to explore the performance of offenders with mental disorders on neuropsychological tasks of decision-making. A structured search of PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Medline, Cinahl was conducted with additional hand search...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - February 23, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognitive Bias Modification for Behavior Change in Alcohol and Smoking Addiction: Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data
In this study, we conducted a Bayesian meta-analysis of individual patient data from studies investigating the effects of CBM as a behavior change intervention for the treatment of alcohol and tobacco use disorders, in individuals aware of the behavior change goal of the studies. Main outcomes included reduction in the targeted cognitive biases after the intervention and in substance use or relapse rate at the short-to-long term follow-up. Additional moderators, both at the study-level (type of addiction and CBM training) and at the participant-level (amount of completed training trials, severity of substance use), were pr...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - January 14, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Patient-Tailored Evidence-Based Approach for Developing Early Neuropsychological Training Programs in Addiction Settings
AbstractSubstance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with impairments of cognitive functions, and cognitive training programs are thus rapidly developing in SUD treatment. However, neuropsychological impairments observed early after withdrawal (i.e., early impairments), that is, approximately in the first six months, may be widespread. Consequently, it might not be possible to train all the identified early impairments. In these situations, we propose that the priority of cognitive training should be given to the early impairments found to be associated with early dropout or relapse (i.e., relapse-related impairments). Ho...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - January 3, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Evaluating Spelling in Glioma Patients Undergoing Awake Surgery: a Systematic Review
AbstractA main goal of awake surgery is to preserve language in order to facilitate return to work and maintain quality of life. Although spelling has become crucial in daily life, it has received little attention in awake surgery practice. We review assessments of spelling carried out in awake surgery studies, to inspect how current neurofunctional theories of spelling may guide pre-, intra- and post-operative neurosurgical practice. A systematic database search in Embase, Medline, PubMed and Web of Science identified studies reporting on spelling assessment in glioma patients undergoing awake surgery. Twenty-three studie...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - December 21, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Correction to: The Neural Substrate of Reward Anticipation in Health: A Meta-Analysis of fMRI Findings in the Monetary Incentive Delay Task
The members of MTAC were removed from the author group and full list are shown in the Acknowledgements section. Also, members “Roee, A” and “Van Amselvoort, T” should be “Admon, R" and “Van Amelsvoort, T”, respectively. The original article has been corrected. (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - December 14, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The ‘Neglected’ Personal Neglect
AbstractA review of patients with brain injury showing personal neglect is presented. The aim is to shed light on this aspect of neglect often unresearched or only indirectly investigated, and to discuss recent findings concerning the methods used to assess personal neglect, its neural correlates and its association with the more often explored aspect of extrapersonal neglect. The review was performed using PubMed and PsychInfo databases to search for papers published in the last 123 years (until January 2018). We reviewed 81 papers describing either single or group studies for a total of 2247 patients. The results of th...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - December 13, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and PTSD in People with Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
This study examined the link between depression/anxiety/PTSD and dementia by evaluating the prevalence of these disorders in people with dementia, relative to their healthy peers. Existing meta-analyses have examined the prevalence of clinically-significant depression and anxiety in Alzheimer ’s disease (AD), and depression in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but have not considered vascular dementia (VaD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), PTSD, or anxiety in FTD. The current meta-analysis compared the prevalence of clinically-significant depression, anxiety and PTSD in the four most com mon types of dementia (AD, VaD, DLB...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - December 7, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Efficacy of Invasive and Non-Invasive Brain Modulation Interventions for Addiction
AbstractIt is important to find new treatments for addiction due to high relapse rates despite current interventions and due to expansion of the field with non-substance related addictive behaviors. Neuromodulation may provide a new type of treatment for addiction since it can directly target abnormalities in neurocircuits. We review literature on five neuromodulation techniques investigated for efficacy in substance related and behavioral addictions: transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), (repetitive) transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), EEG, fMRI neurofeedback and deep brain stimulation (DBS) and additional...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - December 7, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Trajectory of Pseudoneglect in Adults: A Systematic Review
AbstractNeurologically healthy adults tend to display a reliable leftward perceptual bias during visuospatial tasks, a phenomenon known as pseudoneglect. However, the phenomenon in older adults is not well understood, and a synthesis of research that examines pseudoneglect using the line bisection task, as well as other tasks, in the context of aging is lacking. The aim of the current systematic review is to integrate the available research on pseudoneglect in late adulthood, and to discuss the association between age and a bias to the left hemispace. The systematic search revealed that five different tasks have been used ...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - November 21, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Systematic Review of Cognitive Outcomes in Angiographically Negative Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
AbstractClinical outcomes, including performance on cognitive assessment, in patients with angiographically negative subarachnoid haemorrhage (anSAH) are often interpreted as benign with a good prognostic trajectory. However, diffuse cognitive deficits have been reported within this patient cohort resulting from anSAH, albeit to a lesser extent when compared to other neurovascular events. We consider cognitive outcomes in relation to anSAH to systematically review reported deficits, with a view to quantify and categorise cognitive impairment in this cohort. Anxiety and depression were also included within this review, prov...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - October 23, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognitive Deficits in Psychotic Disorders: A Lifespan Perspective
AbstractIndividuals with disorders that include psychotic symptoms (i.e. psychotic disorders) experience broad cognitive impairments in the chronic state, indicating a dimension of abnormality associated with the experience of psychosis. These impairments negatively impact functional outcome, contributing to the disabling nature of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression. The robust and reliable nature of cognitive deficits has led researchers to explore the timing and profile of impairments, as this may elucidate different neurodevelopmental patterns in individuals who experience psychosis. Here, we revi...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - October 20, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
