Executive Function and Theory of Mind in Children with ADHD: a Systematic Review
AbstractIn developmental research, the relationship between Executive Function (EF) and Theory of Mind (ToM) has been extensively assessed, and EF has been considered a condition for ToM. However, few researchers have studied the relationship between EF and ToM in clinical populations, especially that of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention and motor hyperactivity/impulsivity, in which EF is largely impaired. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model, 201 English and Spanish articles evaluati...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - August 30, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Social Function and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children and Adults with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractIn light of the proliferation of recent research into social function in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a systematic review and meta-analysis is required to synthesise data and place findings within the context of a theoretical framework. This paper reviews findings from research into social function and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children and adults with NF1 and integrates these findings with the Socio-Cognitive Integration Abilities Model (SOCIAL). It also critically appraises links between social outcomes, internal and external factors moderating social functioning, cognitive domains implicated in social...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - August 11, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Delusions in Parkinson ’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Published Cases
AbstractDelusions in Parkinson ’s disease (PD) are thought to be associated with disease progression and cognitive impairment. However, this symptom description is not consistent in the literature and there is a suggestion that different subgroups of psychotic patients occur in PD, which we aimed to clarify. Case reports were i dentified through a systematic search of databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, PsychInfo). Cases with isolated delusions were compared to those with both delusions and hallucinations. We identified 184 cases of delusions in PD. Delusions were primarily paranoid in nature (83%) and isolated in 50%. Those with...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - August 2, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
General and Domain-Specific Effectiveness of Cognitive Remediation after Stroke: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractCognitive remediation (CR) has been shown to improve cognitive abilities following a stroke. However, an updated quantitative literature review is needed to synthesize recent research and build understanding of factors that may optimize training parameters and treatment effects. Randomized controlled trials of CR were retrieved from seven electronic databases. Studies specific to adult stroke populations were included. Treatment effects were estimated using a random effects model, with immediate and longer-term follow-up outcomes, and moderator effects, examined for both overall and domain-specific functioning. Twe...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - July 13, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Computerized Cognitive Training on Executive Functions: a Cross-Disciplinary Taxonomy for Classifying Outcome Cognitive Factors
AbstractThe growing prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders associated with aging and cognitive decline has generated increasing cross-disciplinary interest in non-pharmacological interventions, such as computerized cognitive training (CCT), which may prevent or slow cognitive decline. However, inconsistent findings across meta-analytic reviews in the field suggest a lack of cross-disciplinary consensus and on-going debate regarding the benefits of CCT. We posit that a contributing factor is the lack of a theoretically-based taxonomy of constructs and representative tasks typically used. An integration of the Cattell-Hor...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neurodevelopmental consequences of pediatric cancer and its treatment: applying an early adversity framework to understanding cognitive, behavioral, and emotional outcomes
AbstractToday, children are surviving pediatric cancer at unprecedented rates, making it one of modern medicine ’s true success stories. However, we are increasingly becoming aware of several deleterious effects of cancer and the subsequent “cure” that extend beyond physical sequelae. Indeed, survivors of childhood cancer commonly report cognitive, emotional, and psychological difficulties, including at tentional difficulties, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Cognitive late- and long-term effects have been largely attributed to neurotoxic effects of cancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, cranial irr...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents with Turner Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractTurner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder, affecting 1/2500 to 1/3000 live female births, induced by partial or total deletion of one X chromosome. The neurocognitive profile of girls with TS is characterized by a normal Verbal IQ and weaknesses in visual-spatial, mathematics, and social cognitive domains. Executive functions (EFs) impairments have also been reported in these young patients. However, methodological differences across studies do not allow determination of which EFs are impaired and what is the magnitude of these impairments. The aim of this review was to clarify the EF profile of children and adole...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neurocognitive Functioning in Depressed Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusion: The findings suggest that currently depressed young people display a range of neurocognitive weaknesses which may impact treatment engagement and outcome. The findings support the need to consider neurocognitive functioning when treating youth with depression. (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Study of Language in the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Frontotemporal Spectrum Disorder: a Systematic Review of Findings and New Perspectives
AbstractAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by motor network disruption. Extra-motor manifestations including executive functions, social cognition, and behavioral changes are now well recognized as important features of ALS, and are associated with frontotemporal and frontostriatal network disruption. However, the presence and characterization of language changes has received less attention. This systematic review characterizes the profile of reported language dysfunction in ALS. PRISMA guidelines were implemented to carry out and report the review. Current evidence sugges...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Systematic Review of Cognition in Chiari I Malformation
AbstractDisplacement of the cerebellar tonsils in Chiari type I malformation (CMI) can affect functions controlled by the cerebellum and brainstem. While playing an integral role in the control of movement, the cerebellum also has widespread cortical connections, influencing a range of cognitive process. A systematic literature review was conducted to examine the relationship between cognition and CMI, assessing evidence for general or domain-specific cognitive change. The search protocol examined the AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. Articles meeting the following criteria we...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
RBANS Validity Indices: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractNeuropsychology practice organizations have highlighted the need for thorough evaluation of performance validity as part of the neuropsychological assessment process. Embedded validity indices are derived from existing measures and expand the scope of validity assessment. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) is a brief instrument that quickly allows a clinician to assess a variety of cognitive domains. The RBANS also contains multiple embedded validity indicators. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the utility of those indicators to assess performance validity. A s...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - May 16, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Effects of rTMS on Impulsivity in Normal Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractImpulsivity is a multi-dimensional construct that is regarded as a symptom of many psychiatric disorders. Harm resulting from impulsive behaviour can be substantial for the individuals concerned, for their social network, and for wider society. Therefore, the importance of developing therapeutic interventions to target impulsivity is paramount. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature from AMED, Embase, Medline, and PsycINFO databases on the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in healthy adults to modulate different subdomains (motor, temporal and reflection) of im...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - May 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Computerized Cognitive Training on Executive Functions: a Cross-Disciplinary Taxonomy for Classifying Outcome Cognitive Factors
AbstractThe growing prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders associated with aging and cognitive decline has generated increasing cross-disciplinary interest in non-pharmacological interventions, such as computerized cognitive training (CCT), which may prevent or slow cognitive decline. However, inconsistent findings across meta-analytic reviews in the field suggest a lack of cross-disciplinary consensus and on-going debate regarding the benefits of CCT. We posit that a contributing factor is the lack of a theoretically-based taxonomy of constructs and representative tasks typically used. An integration of the Cattell-Hor...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - May 3, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Study of Language in the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Frontotemporal Spectrum Disorder: a Systematic Review of Findings and New Perspectives
AbstractAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by motor network disruption. Extra-motor manifestations including executive functions, social cognition, and behavioral changes are now well recognized as important features of ALS, and are associated with frontotemporal and frontostriatal network disruption. However, the presence and characterization of language changes has received less attention. This systematic review characterizes the profile of reported language dysfunction in ALS. PRISMA guidelines were implemented to carry out and report the review. Current evidence sugges...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 28, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents with Turner Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractTurner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder, affecting 1/2500 to 1/3000 live female births, induced by partial or total deletion of one X chromosome. The neurocognitive profile of girls with TS is characterized by a normal Verbal IQ and weaknesses in visual-spatial, mathematics, and social cognitive domains. Executive functions (EFs) impairments have also been reported in these young patients. However, methodological differences across studies do not allow determination of which EFs are impaired and what is the magnitude of these impairments. The aim of this review was to clarify the EF profile of children and adole...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 27, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
