Fuel for Thought? A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies into Glucose Enhancement of Cognitive Performance
AbstractA transient improvement in cognitive performance can be observed following the ingestion of a glucose drink, a phenomenon known as the ‘glucose facilitation effect’. The effect has been studied thoroughly in the last three decades, but its neural underpinnings remain a matter of speculation. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the current evidence from studies applying neuroimaging or neurophysiological methods to inv estigate the glucose enhancement effect. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria of using neuroimaging in conjunction with cognitive outcomes. Six studies employed electroencephalograp...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 10, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
How Perceptions Impact Recovery from Concussion in Childhood and Adolescence: a Systematic Review
AbstractPerceptions about the causes and consequences of concussion, and individual representations and interpretations of these factors, can influence the post-concussive recovery process. The goal of this project was to synthesize evidence on perceptions related to concussions as experienced by children, adolescents, and parents, and to evaluate how these perceptions impact post-concussive recovery in physical, behavioural, cognitive, and psychological domains. We undertook a systematic review based on the Cochrane Handbook, conducting a comprehensive search of six databases and Google Scholar. Duplicate, independent scr...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 1, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Effectiveness of Computerized Cognitive Training Programs (CCTP) with Game-like Features in Children with or without Neuropsychological Disorders: a Meta-Analytic Investigation
AbstractComputerized cognitive training programs (CCTP) are based on the assumption that cognitive abilities may be boosted by repetitively performing challenging tasks. The integration of game-like features in these programs, associated with the goal of amusing or rewarding participants, may contribute to generate cognitive benefits. Indeed, reinforcement contingencies have been reported to produce positive effects on performance and motivation, especially in children. This meta-analysis was aimed at providing a quantitative summary of the effectiveness of CCTP with game-like features in school-aged children with typical ...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - February 27, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Bilingualism Is Associated with a Delayed Onset of Dementia but Not with a Lower Risk of Developing it: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses
AbstractSome studies have linked bilingualism with a later onset of dementia, Alzheimer ’s disease (AD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Not all studies have observed such relationships, however. Differences in study outcomes may be due to methodological limitations and the presence of confounding factors within studies such as immigration status and level of education. We condu cted the first systematic review with meta-analysis combining cross-sectional studies to explore if bilingualism might delay symptom onset and diagnosis of dementia, AD, and MCI. Primary outcomes included the age of symptom onset, the age at...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - February 7, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Factor Structure of Cognitive Functioning in Cognitively Healthy Participants: a Meta-Analysis and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data
AbstractMany neuropsychologists are of the opinion that the multitude of cognitive tests may be grouped into a much smaller number of cognitive domains. However, there is little consensus on how many domains exist, what these domains are, nor on which cognitive tests belong to which domain. This incertitude can be solved by factor analysis, provided that the analysis includes a broad range of cognitive tests that have been administered to a very large number of people. In this article, two such factor analyses were performed, each combining multiple studies. However, because it was not possible to obtain complete multivari...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - January 31, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Lifespan Model of Interference Resolution and Inhibitory Control: Risk for Depression and Changes with Illness Progression
We describe the development of these two processes across the lifespan, noting factors that influence this development (e.g., environment, adversity and stress) as well as inherent difficulties in assessing IC/IR prior to adulthood (e.g., cross-informant reports). We use mood disorders as an illustrative example of how this multidimensional construct can be informative to state, trait, vulnerability and neuroprogression of disease. We present aggregated data across numerous studies and methodologies to examine the lifelong development and degradation of this subconstruct of executive function, particularly in mood disorder...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - January 14, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Pharmacotherapy for the Pseudobulbar Affect in Individuals Who Have Sustained a Traumatic Brain Injury: a Systematic Review
AbstractPseudobulbar affect is a debilitating condition that significantly reduces quality of life for many individuals following traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is characterized by embarrassing and often uncontrollable episodes of crying or laughter. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy as compared to all other comparators for the management of pseudobulbar affect in adults who have sustained TBI. Six databases were searched, with additional hand searching of journals, clinical trials registries and international drug regulators to identify published and unpublished studi...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - January 14, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Correction to: Towards a Better Understanding of Cognitive Deficits in Absence Epilepsy: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Due to an error during the editorial phase, a correction regarding Fig. 2 is added to the original article: “Towards a Better Understanding of Cognitive Deficits in Absence Epilepsy: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Please see below correct Fig. 2. (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - December 19, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Data-Driven Cognitive Subtypes across the Psychosis Spectrum
AbstractThe delineation of cognitive subtypes of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may offer a means of determining shared genetic markers and neuropathology among individuals with these conditions. We systematically reviewed the evidence from published studies reporting the use of data-driven (i.e., unsupervised) clustering methods to delineate cognitive subtypes among adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder. We reviewed 24 studies in total, contributing data to 13 analyses of schizophrenia spectrum patients, 8 analyses of bipolar disorder, and 5 analyses of mixed samples of sch...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - December 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Towards a Better Understanding of Cognitive Deficits in Absence Epilepsy: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
In conclusion, in contrast to common beliefs, lower than average neurocognitive performance was noted in multiple cognitive domains, which may influence academic and psychosocial development. (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - November 26, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Role of Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Circuits in Language: Recurrent Circuits Revisited
AbstractBased on a review of recent literature, a recurrent circuit model describes how cortico-thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical circuitry supports word retrieval, auditory-verbal comprehension, and other language functions. Supporting data include cellular and layer-specific cortico-thalamic, thalamo-cortical, and cortico-cortical neuroanatomy and electrophysiology. The model posits that during word retrieval, higher order cortico-thalamo-cortical relays maintain stable representations of semantic information in feedforward processes at the semantic-lexical interface. These stable semantic representations are compare...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - November 21, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Caregiver- and Clinician-Reported Adaptive Functioning in Rett Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Evaluation of Measurement Strategies
AbstractRett syndrome is the second most common cause of intellectual disability in females worldwide. The severity of many individuals ’ impairment limits the effectiveness of traditional assessment. However, clinician and parent reports of adaptive functioning may provide insight into these patients’ abilities. This review aims to synthesize the current literature assessing adaptive functioning in Rett syndrome and evaluate ex isting measurement tools in this population. A search was conducted on PubMed using the search term “Rett syndrome.” Studies that quantitatively assessed adaptive functioning outcomes in Re...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - November 19, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Visuospatial Neglect - a Theory-Informed Overview of Current and Emerging Strategies and a Systematic Review on the Therapeutic Use of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation
AbstractVisuospatial neglect constitutes a supramodal cognitive deficit characterized by reduction or loss of spatial awareness for the contralesional space. It occurs in over 40% of right- and 20% of left-brain-lesioned stroke patients with lesions located mostly in parietal, frontal and subcortical brain areas. Visuospatial neglect is a multifaceted syndrome - symptoms can be divided into sensory, motor and representational neglect - and therefore requires an individually adapted diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Several models try to explain the origins of visuospatial neglect, of which the “interhemispheric rivalr...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - November 19, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
To Watch is to Work: a Review of NeuroImaging Data on Tool Use Observation Network
AbstractSince the discovery of mirror neurons in the 1990s, many neuroimaging studies have tackled the issue of action observation with the aim of unravelling a putative homolog human system. However, these studies do not distinguish between non-tool-use versus tool-use actions, implying that a common brain network is systematically involved in the observation of any action. Here we provide evidence for a brain network dedicated to tool-use action observation, called the tool-use observation network, mostly situated in the left hemisphere, and distinct from the non-tool-use action observation network. Areas specific for to...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - October 28, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neurobiological and Cognitive Profile of Young Binge Drinkers: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractThis review provides the first systematic and quantitative synthesis of the literature examining the relationship between binge drinking, cognition, brain structure and function in youth aged 10 to 24 years. PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, PsychINFO and ProQuest were searched for neuroimaging, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological studies. A total of 58 studies (21 neuroimaging, 16 neurophysiological, 21 neuropsychological) met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Overall, ab normal or delayed development of key frontal executive-control regions may predispose youth to binge drink. These abnorm...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - September 10, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
