A Systematic Review of Neurocognitive Functioning in Beh çet’s Disease
The objective of this review was to determine whether neurocognitive dysfunction is observed in BD, in which neurocognitive domains, and whether there are differences in rates of dysfunction observed between BD and NBD groups. Studies of any methodology were included that reported results from standardized neurocognitive assessment measures in participants with BD or NBD. Twelve group comparison studies met the criteria for incl usion in the review (totalling 284 BD and 157 NBD participants), as well as 17 case study/series papers (11 BD, 35 NBD). Issues with blinding, incomplete data reporting and selective reporting bias...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - September 6, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Guide to Conducting a Meta-Analysis with Non-Independent Effect Sizes
AbstractConventional meta-analytic procedures assume that effect sizes are independent. When effect sizes are not independent, conclusions based on these conventional procedures can be misleading or even wrong. Traditional approaches, such as averaging the effect sizes and selecting one effect size per study, are usually used to avoid the dependence of the effect sizes. These ad-hoc approaches, however, may lead to missed opportunities to utilize all available data to address the relevant research questions. Both multivariate meta-analysis and three-level meta-analysis have been proposed to handle non-independent effect si...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - August 23, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
This study aims to systematically review the evidence on the accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test for diagnosing HIV –associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and to outline the quality and quantity of research evidence available about the accuracy of MoCA in populations infected with HIV. We conducted a systematic literature review, searching five databases from inception until January 2019. We extracted dich otomized positive and negative test results at various thresholds and calculated the sensitivity and specificity of MoCA. Quality assessment was performed according to the Quality Assessment ...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - August 21, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Cerebellum in Frontotemporal Dementia: a Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Studies
AbstractFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder primarily affecting the frontal and/or temporal lobes. Three main subtypes have been recognized: behavioural-variant FTD (bvFTD), semantic dementia (SD), and progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA), each of which has a distinct clinical and cognitive profile. Although the role of the cerebellum in cognition is increasingly accepted, knowledge of cerebellar changes across neuroimaging modalities and their contribution to behavioural and cognitive changes in FTD syndromes is currently scant. We conducted an anatomical/activation likelihood estimation (A...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - August 18, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Effects of Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury on Episodic Memory: a Meta-Analysis
AbstractMemory impairment following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is among its most pronounced effects. The present meta-analysis focused only on studies of episodic memory (n = 73) conducted with adult patients with moderate-to-severe TBI. The results indicate that verbal Memory, and more specifically Verbal Recall, is most sensitive to the effects of moderate-to-severe TBI. Furthermore, verbal more than visual memory and recall more than recognition are sensitive t o the effects of TBI. These effects are more pronounced in delayed than in immediate testing. Several moderating factors were found: age at testing - the y...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - August 12, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
(Neuro)Psychological Interventions for Non-Motor Symptoms in the Treatment of Patients with Parkinson ’s Disease: a Systematic Umbrella Review
This article reviews the evidence on therapeutic or educative interventions based on psychological principles for patients with Parkinson ’s disease. The electronic bibliographic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and CINAHL were systematically searched for meta-analyses on psychological interventions for patients with Parkinson’s disease, published from January 2000 to June 2018. We extracted psychological interventions, non-m otor outcomes, effect sizes, confidence intervals, and I2 heterogeneity statistics. In addition, we rated the level of evidence on an intervention ’s effectiveness regarding a specific outc...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 4, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Comparison of Virtual Reality Classroom Continuous Performance Tests to Traditional Continuous Performance Tests in Delineating ADHD: a Meta-Analysis
The objective of the present systematic PRISMA review was to address this empirical void and compare three-dimensional (3D) virtual classroom CPTs to traditional two-dimensional (2D) CPTs. The peer-reviewed literature on comparisons of virtual classroom performance between children with ADHD and typically developing children was explored in six databases (e.g., Medline). Published studies using a virtual classroom to compare attentional performance between children with ADHD and typically developing children were included. Given the high heterogeneity with modality comparisons (i.e., computerized CPTs vs. virtual classroom...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 2, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Functional Neural Correlates of Anosognosia in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer ’s Disease: a Systematic Review
AbstractFunctional neuroimaging techniques (i.e. single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging) have been used to assess the neural correlates of anosognosia in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer ’s disease (AD). A systematic review of this literature was performed, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses statement, on PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases. Twenty-five articles met all inclusion criteria. Specifically, four brain connectivity and 2 1 brain perfusion, metabolism, and activation articl...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 2, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Quantitative Meta-analysis of Olfactory Dysfunction in Epilepsy
AbstractOlfactory dysfunction in epilepsy is well-documented in several olfactory domains. However, the clinical specificity of these deficits remains unknown. The aim of this systematic meta-analysis was to determine which domains of olfactory ability were most impaired in individuals with epilepsy, and to assess moderating factors affecting olfactory ability. Extant peer-reviewed literature on olfaction in epilepsy were identified via a computerized literature search using PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar databases. Twenty-one articles met inclusion criteria. These studies included a total of 912 patients wi...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - May 28, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Corticosteroids and Cognition: A Meta-Analysis
AbstractA thorough understanding of the cognitive effects of corticosteroids is essential given their frequency of use. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of corticosteroids on the various domains of cognitive functioning, grouped by duration of use. An electronic search of PsycInfo, Medline and Google Scholar was conducted for all journal articles published between January 1990 and May 2018. Twenty six studies were included enabling calculation of standardised mean difference (SMD) using a random effects model for the cognitive domains of divided attention, executive function, expressive language,...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - May 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognitive Assessment of Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis in the Arab World: a Systematic Review
AbstractThe prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is on the rise globally, and recent epidemiological studies have observed increased rates in the Arab world (i.e., countries of North Africa and the Middle East where Arabic is the primary language). However, assessment of cognitive impairment and its relevant covariates (e.g., fatigue and depressive symptomatology) in the Arab world has not been rigorously reviewed. Thus, the objective of the present study was to systematically review the current use of cognitive assessment measures in observational and interventional studies of individuals with MS in the Arab world. A sys...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - May 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Introduction to the Special Issue on the Utility of Transdiagnostic Approaches for Developing Novel Interventions for Substance and Behavioural Addictions
(Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 26, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Defining Compulsive Behavior
This article aims to help progress the definition of what constitutes compulsive behavior, cross-diagnostically, by analyzing different definitions in the psychiatric literature. We searched PubMed for articles in human psychiatric research with ‘compulsive behavior’ or ‘compulsivit y’ in the title that focused on the broader concept of compulsivity—returning 28 articles with nine original definitions. Within the definitions, we separated three types of descriptive elements: phenomenological, observational and explanatory. The elements most applicable, cross-diagnostically, resulted in this definition: Compulsive...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 22, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Systematic Meta-Review of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Addictive Behaviors
AbstractIt is well established that poor inhibitory control confers both a vulnerability to, and maintenance of, addictive behaviors across the substance and behavioral spectrums. By comparison, the role of compulsivity in addictive behaviors has received less research focus. The neurocognitive literature to date is vast, and it is unclear whether there are any convincing lines of systematic evidence delineating whether and how aspects of impulsivity and compulsivity are shared and unique across different substance and behavioral addictive disorders. Such information has significant implications for our understanding of un...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Genetic Modulation of Neurocognitive Development in Cancer Patients throughout the Lifespan: a Systematic Review
AbstractThe rise in cancer survival rates has raised concerns about the long-term adverse effects of cancer treatment, including neurocognitive impairment. Neurocognitive deficits such as attention and processing speed are frequently observed and can have a profound, lifelong impact in daily life of cancer patients. Interestingly, large interpatient variability exists in cognitive outcomes. Emerging evidence indicates that such differences may be related to genetic variation. The aim of our review was to systematically summarize the current literature on the modulatory effects of germline genetic polymorphisms on cancer tr...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - March 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
