A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cognitive Training in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder
AbstractMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) is common and disabling, and is linked to functional impairment and increased mortality. While current treatments for MDD are moderately effective, ultimately, up to one third of patients do not achieve full remission. Interestingly, while affective symptoms of major depression typically resolve with the depressive episode, cognitive impairment frequently persists, and has been identified as one of the most prominent predictors of illness recurrence. Additionally, MDD is well-recognised as a key risk factor for further cognitive decline and dementia. Yet, available treatments for MDD...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 28, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Correction to: Apathy and Depression as Predictors of Activities of Daily Living Following Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injuries in Adults: a Meta ‑Analysis
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-021-09509-0 (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 26, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Repetition Priming in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer ’s Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
We examined the between-group standard mean difference comparing repetition priming in AD dementia or amnestic MCI (aMCI; presumably due to AD) to controls. Thirty-two studies were selected, including 590 individuals with AD d ementia, 267 individuals with amnestic MCI, and 703 controls. Our results indicated that both individuals with aMCI and AD dementia perform worse on repetition priming tasks than cognitively older adults. Paradigm-related moderators suggested that the effect size between studies comparing the combin ed aMCI or AD dementia group to cognitively healthy older adults was the highest for paradigms that re...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 25, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Best Practices in Structural Neuroimaging of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
AbstractStructural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) offers immense potential for increasing our understanding of how anatomical brain development relates to clinical symptoms and functioning in neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinical developmental sMRI may help identify neurobiological risk factors or markers that may ultimately assist in diagnosis and treatment. However, researchers and clinicians aiming to conduct sMRI studies of neurodevelopmental disorders face several methodological challenges. This review offers hands-on guidelines for clinical developmental sMRI. First, we present brain morphometry metrics and revie...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 24, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Effect of Cognitive Intervention on Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Alzheimer ’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractCognitive intervention includes cognitive stimulation, cognitive training, and cognitive rehabilitation. This systematic review was performed to re-assess the efficacy of cognitive intervention for the patients with Alzheimer ’s disease (AD). Twenty studies (2012 participants) were eventually included. For global cognitive function, the combined mean difference (MD) in eight studies was 1.67 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.45, 2.89,p = 0.007;Q = 33.28, df = 8,p < 0.0001, τ2 = 2.17,I2 = 76%) for the short term. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of six RCTs was 1.61 (95% Confide...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 24, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Meta-Analysis of Line Bisection and Landmark Task Performance in Older Adults
AbstractYoung adults exhibit a small asymmetry of visuospatial attention that favours the left side of space relative to the right (pseudoneglect). However, it remains unclear whether this leftward bias is maintained, eliminated or shifted rightward in older age. Here we present two meta-analyses that aimed to identify whether adults aged ≥50 years old display a group-level spatial attention bias, as indexed by theline bisection and thelandmark tasks. A total of 69 datasets from 65 studies, involving 1654 participants, were analysed. In the meta-analysis of the line bisection task (n = 63), no bias was identified for stu...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 22, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Frailty and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies
AbstractThe relationship between cognitive function and frailty among older adults is a growing area of research due to the implications of cognitive and physical decline for functional independence in late life. Multiple studies demonstrate a meaningful relationship between these two factors, which together may constitute increased risk of negative health outcomes for older adults. The current analysis was conducted to 1) systematically review current evidence for differences in cognitive performance based on frailty status among older adults and provide quantitative evidence for the magnitude of this effect, and 2) asses...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 22, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A Scoping Review of Communicating Neuropsychological Test Results to Patients and Family Members
AbstractFeedback of neuropsychological test results to patients and family members include psychoeducation and implications for daily life. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the literature on neuropsychological feedback and to offer clinical recommendations. In accordance with formal scoping review methodology, PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase databases were searched. Studies were included if they reported on neuropsychological feedback, if full papers were available, and if they included human participants. All languages were included, and no limit was placed on the year of publicat...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 20, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Cognitive Remediation as an Adjunct Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review
AbstractSubstance use disorders are associated with diverse neuropsychological impairments, with deficits in memory and executive functioning commonly observed. Cognitive remediation has been shown to be effective in other populations with cognitive impairments in these domains, including those with psychiatric disorders and acquired brain injuries, and it has been hypothesised to be similarly effective for those in treatment for substance use disorders. We aimed to systematically review the evidence for cognitive remediation interventions administered as an adjunct treatment to substance use rehabilitation. Studies were i...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 19, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Meta-Analysis of Cognition in Parkinson ’s Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Progression
This report provides the first comprehensive meta-analysis of PD-MCI cognitive outcomes and predictors in PD-MCI conversion to PDD. Limitations include heterogeneity of cross-sectional effect sizes and the potential impact of small-study effects. Areas for continued research include visuospatial skills and visual memory in PD-MCI and longitudinal examination of executive dysfunction in PD-MCI. (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 16, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Social Cognition in Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
This study aims to systematically review all studies reporting on the effects of childhood TBI on social cognition. Meta-analytic techniques were employed to determine the magnitude of social cognitive deficits in childhood TBI. Literature searches were conducted in electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL) to retrieve relevant articles on social cognitive outcomes of paediatric TBI published from 2007 –2019. The systematic review identified fourteen eligible studies, which examined the effect of paediatric TBI on five dimensions of social cognition, including emotion recognitio...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 15, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Impact of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Cognitive Functions: a Systematic Review
AbstractHyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a modality of treatment in which patients inhale 100% oxygen inside a hyperbaric chamber pressurised to greater than 1 atmosphere. The aim of this review is to discuss neuropsychological findings in various neurological disorders treated with HBOT and to open new perspectives for therapeutic improve ment. A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) database from the inception up 10 May 2020. Eligibility criteria included original articles published in English. Case studies were excluded. Full-text articles were obtained from the selected studies and were revi...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 13, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Correction to: Gray Matter Atrophy in the Cortico ‑Striatal‑Thalamic Network and Sensorimotor Network in Relapsing–Remitting and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-021-09503-6 (Source: Neuropsychology Review)
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 8, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Response Time Measures as Supplementary Validity Indicators in Forced-Choice Recognition Memory Performance Validity Tests: A Systematic Review
AbstractPerformance validity tests (PVTs) based on the forced-choice recognition memory (FCRM) paradigm are commonly used for the detection of noncredible performance. Examinees' response times (RTs) are affected by cognitive processes associated with deception and can also be gathered without lengthening the duration of the assessment. Consequently, interest in the utility of these measures as supplementary validity indicators in FCRM-PVTs has grown over the years. The current systematic review summarizes both clinical and simulation (i.e., healthy participants simulating cognitive impairment) studies of RTs in FCRM-PVTs....
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 5, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Working Memory in Pediatric Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractWorking memory is a multicomponent system that is supported by overlapping specialized networks in the brain. Baddeley ’s working memory model includes four components: the phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, the central executive, and episodic buffer. The aim of this review was to establish the gravity and pattern of working memory deficits in pediatric epilepsy. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systemat ic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guided electronic searches. Sixty-five studies were included in the review. Meta-analyses revealed significant impairments across each working memory comp...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - April 5, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
