Neuronal Exosomes Secreted under Oxygen –Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Presenting Differentially Expressed miRNAs and Affecting Neuronal Survival and Neurite Outgrowth
AbstractIschemia/reperfusion is a key feature of acute ischemic stroke, which causes neuron dysfunction and death. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles produced by most cell types, are implicated in the mediation of cellular interactions with their environment. Here, we investigated the contents and functions of exosomes from neurons under ischemic reperfusion injury. First, rat cortical primary neuronal cell cultures were placed in an oxygen- and glucose-deprived (OGD) medium, followed by reperfusion in a normoxic conditioned medium (OGD/R) to mimic ischemia/reperfusion in vitro. The neuron-derived exosomes were harvest...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - January 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
LncRNA LINC00689 Promotes the Tumorigenesis of Glioma via Mediation of miR-526b-3p/IGF2BP1 Axis
In conclusion, silencing of LINC00689 could inhibit the tumorigenesis of glioma via mediation of miR-526b-3p/IGF2BP1 axis. LINC00689 may serve as a new target for the treatment of glioma. (Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine)
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - January 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism at rs2275294 in the ZNF512B Gene with Prognosis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore whether the single nucleotide polymorphism rs2275294 in theZNF512B gene is related to the length of survival of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This prospective study examined 212 patients with ALS, who were genotyped at the rs2275294 locus inZNF512B using the ligase method. Genotype was compared with clinical data and survival. Kaplan –Meier survival analysis and Cox hazard regression were used to identify risk factors of shorter survival. Our results were meta-analyzed together with previous work in order to examine the potential association between the rs2...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - January 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
High-Intensity Functional Training: Molecular Mechanisms and Benefits
AbstractHigh-intensity interval training (HIIT) and strength exercise are known to improve health markers, such as cardiovascular health, metabolic health, and cognitive function, as well as to reduce all-cause mortality. High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) is a training paradigm derived from both HIIT and strength exercise to elicit greater muscle recruitment than repetitive aerobic exercises, thereby improving both cardiovascular fitness and strength parameters. Herein, we provide a focused review of the known molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of HIFT on cardiovascular, metabolic, and cognit...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - January 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Effects of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone on Lipid Isoprenoid and Rho Protein Levels in Brains of Aged C57BL/6 Mice
We report the novel finding that 7,8-DHF restored levels of the Rho proteins Rac1 and Rab3A in membrane preparations isolated from brains of treated aged mice. The selective TrkB agonist 7,8-DHF did not affect BDN F and TrkB levels, but restored Tiam1 levels that were found to be reduced in brains of aged mice. FPP, GGPP, and cholesterol levels were significantly elevated in brains of aged mice but not changed by 7,8-DHF treatment. Hence, 7,8-DHF may be useful as pharmacological tool to treat age-related cogn itive dysfunction although the underlying mechanisms need to be elucidated in detail. (Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine)
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 30, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Walnut Diet in Combination with Enriched Environment Improves Cognitive Function and Affects Lipid Metabolites in Brain and Liver of Aged NMRI Mice
AbstractThis in vivo study aimed to test if a diet enriched with 6% walnuts alone or in combination with physical activity supports healthy ageing by changing the oxylipin profile in brain and liver, improving motor function, cognition, and cerebral mitochondrial function. Female NMRI mice were fed a 6% walnut diet starting at an age of 12 months for 24 weeks. One group was additionally maintained in an enriched environment, one group without intervention served as control. After three months, one additional control group of young mice (3 weeks old) was introduced. Motor and cognitive functions were measured using Open...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 26, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Recent Insights on the Role of PPAR- β/δ in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, and Its Potential Target for Therapy
AbstractPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ belongs to the family of hormone and lipid-activated nuclear receptors, which are involved in metabolism of long-chain fatty acids, cholesterol, and sphingolipids. Similar to PPAR-α and PPAR-γ, PPAR-β/δ also acts as a transcription factor activated by dietary lipids and endogenous ligands, such as long-chain saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and selected lipid metabolic products, such as eicosanoids, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Together with other PPARs, PPAR-β/δ displays transcriptional activity through interactio...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - November 18, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Molecular Classification of Gliomas is Associated with Seizure Control: A Retrospective Analysis
AbstractClassically, histologic grading of gliomas has been used to predict seizure association, with low-grade gliomas associated with an increased incidence of seizures compared to high-grade gliomas. In 2016, WHO reclassified gliomas based on histology and molecular characteristics. We sought to determine whether molecular classification of gliomas is associated with preoperative seizure presentation and/or post-operative seizure control across multiple glioma subtypes. All gliomas operated at our institution from 2007 to 2017 were identified based on ICD 9 and 10 billing codes and were retrospectively assessed for mole...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - November 18, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Gut Ecosystem: A Critical Player in Stroke
AbstractThe intestinal microbiome is emerging as a critical factor in health and disease. The microbes, although spatially restricted to the gut, are communicating and modulating the function of distant organs such as the brain. Stroke and other neurological disorders are associated with a disrupted microbiota. In turn, stroke-induced dysbiosis has a major impact on the disease outcome by modulating the immune response. In this review, we present current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiome in stroke, one of the most devastating brain disorders worldwide with very limited therapeutic options, and we discuss novel in...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - November 18, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Remote Ischemic Post-Conditioning Therapy is Protective in Mouse Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
AbstractTraumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is characterized by visual dysfunction after indirect or direct injury to the optic nerve following blunt head trauma. TON is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation resulting in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIC) has been shown to enhance endogenous protective mechanisms in diverse disease models including stroke, vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), retinal injury and optic nerve injury. However, the protective mechanisms underlying the improvement of retinal function and RGC survival after RIC treatment remain unclear. H...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - November 13, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Preclinical and Clinical Evidence for the Involvement of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Vascular Cognitive Impairment
AbstractSphingosine 1-phosphates (S1Ps) are bioactive lipids that mediate a diverse range of effects through the activation of cognate receptors, S1P1–S1P5. Scrutiny of S1P-regulated pathways over the past three decades has identified important and occasionally counteracting functions in the brain and cerebrovascular system. For example, while S1P1 and S1P3 mediate proinflammatory effects on glial cells and directly promote endothelial cell barrier integrity, S1P2 is anti-inflammatory but disrupts barrier integrity. Cumulatively, there is significant preclinical evidence implicating critical roles for this pathway in reg...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - November 12, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
MiR-5787 Attenuates Macrophages-Mediated Inflammation by Targeting TLR4/NF- κB in Ischemic Cerebral Infarction
AbstractAccumulating studies have suggested the important role of microRNA (miRNA) in ischemic cerebral infarction. However, little is known of the modifying effect of miR-5787, a newly found miRNA, in ischemic cerebral infarction. We aim to elucidate the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of miR-5787 in the pathogenesis of ischemic cerebral infarction. MiR-5787 is demonstrated to be downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples of patients compared with controls, which is negatively associated with inflammatory cytokines of IL-6 and TNF- α in ischemic cerebral infarction. Besides, the express...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - November 9, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Lysophosphatidic Acid Signalling in Nervous System Development and Function
AbstractOne class of molecules that are now coming to be recognized as essential for our understanding of the nervous system are the lysophospholipids. One of the major signaling lysophospholipids is lysophosphatidic acid, also known as LPA. LPA activates a variety of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) leading to a multitude of physiological responses. In this review, I describe our current understanding of the role of LPA and LPA receptor signaling in the development and function of the nervous system, especially the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, I highlight how aberrant LPA receptor signaling may underlie n...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - November 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Gastrodin Regulates the Notch Signaling Pathway and Sirt3 in Activated Microglia in Cerebral Hypoxic-Ischemia Neonatal Rats and in Activated BV-2 Microglia
This study is designed to determine whether gastrodin would regulate the Notch signaling pathway and Sirtuin3 (Sirt3), which are implicated in regulating microglia activation. The present results showed that gastrodin markedly suppressed the expression of members of Notch signaling pathway (Notch-1, NICD, RBP-JK and Hes-1) in activated microglia both in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, Sirt3 expression was enhanced. In BV-2 microglia treated with a γ-secretase inhibitor of Notch pathway- DAPT, the expression of RBP-JK, Hes-1, and NICD was suppressed in activated microglia. Treatment with DAPT and gastrodin further decreased...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - October 23, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Galuteolin Inhibited Autophagy for Neuroprotection Against Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats
In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of galuteolin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We administered galuteolin or galuteolin and rapamycin to rats which had middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). A series of characterizations were carried out to monitor the outcomes of galuteolin in I/R rats regarding the infarct volumes, neurological deficits, and brain water, as well as its effect on neuroprotection and autophagy. It was found that galuteolin significantly reduced the infarct volume, brain water content, and the neurological deficits in a dose-dependent mann...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - October 21, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
