Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Therapy for Glioblastoma
AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) are the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors in adults. Current mainstay treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation; however, these are ineffective. As a result, immunotherapy treatment strategies are being developed to harness the body ’s natural defense mechanisms against gliomas. Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells uses patients’ own T cells that are genetically modified to target tumor-associated antigens. These cells are harvested from patients, engineered to target specific proteins expresse d by the tumor and re-injected into the p...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - October 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Overexpression of miR-149-5p Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) Injury by Targeting Notch2
This study aimed to investigate the roles of miR-149-5p in I/R injury. The results showed that miR-149-5p was significantly downregulated in brain tissues of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and primary cortical neurons subject to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). MiR-149-5p overexpression effectively reduced MCAO/R-induced infarct volume, neurological score, and brain water content as well as OGD/R-induced cortical neurons apoptosis and OGD/R-induced expression of TNF- α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, and COX-2. Moreover, Notch2 was identified as a target of miR-149-5p and Notch2 overexpression signifi...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Spider Neurotoxins as Modulators of NMDA Receptor Signaling
AbstractMolecules that selectively act on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors may have a multidirectional effect by modulating the activity of NMDARs, affecting their active sites as well as by changing the composition of their subunits. The results of the clinical trials conducted so far in mood disorders and schizophrenia indicate that such agents may become new effective drugs for the treatment of these diseases. Number of spider neurotoxins e.g. ctenitoxins extracted fromPhoneutria sp. venom act as potent and selective NMDAR blockers that do not disturb cortical and hippocampal glutamate signaling, LTP generation and...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Compound 21, a Direct AT2R Agonist, Induces IL-10 and Inhibits Inflammation in Mice Following Traumatic Brain Injury
AbstractRecent studies demonstrated that the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, compound 21 (C21), provides neuroprotection and enhances recovery in experimental stroke. However, C21 has never been tested in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, we aim to examine whether C21 confers protection after TBI. Unilateral cortical impact injury was induced in young adult C57BL/6 mice. C21 (0.03 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered at 1 h and 3 h post-TBI. After neurological severity score (NSS) assessments, all animals were sacrificed for immunoblotting analysis at 24 h post-TBI. C21 treatment significantly ameliorated NSS a...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Preventive Effects of Sinigrin Against the Memory Deterioration in the Pentylenetetrazole-Kindled Male Wistar Rats: Possible Modulation of NLRP3 Pathway
AbstractMainly found in brussels sprouts, broccoli, and black mustard seeds, sinigrin (2-propenyl glucosinolate) has enjoyed some attention currently for its effects on health and disease prevention. The present research design is aimed at investigating the effects of sinigrin on inflammation, oxidative stress (OS) and memory. Randomly, six groups of male Wistar rats were categorized into the control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were treated with sinigrin (10 and 20 mg/kg, orally). The control positive group was given the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) treatment and the control negative one was given normal...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Compound 21, a Direct AT2R Agonist, Induces IL-10 and Inhibits Inflammation in Mice Following Traumatic Brain Injury
AbstractRecent studies demonstrated that the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, compound 21 (C21), provides neuroprotection and enhances recovery in experimental stroke. However, C21 has never been tested in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, we aim to examine whether C21 confers protection after TBI. Unilateral cortical impact injury was induced in young adult C57BL/6 mice. C21 (0.03 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered at 1 h and 3 h post-TBI. After neurological severity score (NSS) assessments, all animals were sacrificed for immunoblotting analysis at 24 h post-TBI. C21 treatment significantly ameliorated NSS a...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Preventive Effects of Sinigrin Against the Memory Deterioration in the Pentylenetetrazole-Kindled Male Wistar Rats: Possible Modulation of NLRP3 Pathway
AbstractMainly found in brussels sprouts, broccoli, and black mustard seeds, sinigrin (2-propenyl glucosinolate) has enjoyed some attention currently for its effects on health and disease prevention. The present research design is aimed at investigating the effects of sinigrin on inflammation, oxidative stress (OS) and memory. Randomly, six groups of male Wistar rats were categorized into the control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were treated with sinigrin (10 and 20 mg/kg, orally). The control positive group was given the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) treatment and the control negative one was given normal...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Glioblastoma Therapy
AbstractAs a multi-functional cellular organelle, mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming is well recognized as a hallmark of cancer. The center of mitochondrial metabolism is oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby converting the chemical energy to the biological energy currency ATPs. OXPHOS also creates the mitochondrial membrane potential and serve as the driving force of other mitochondrial metabolic pathways and experiences significant reshape in the different stages of tumor progression. In this minireview, we reviewed the major mitochondrial pathways that are connec...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
MiR-5787 Attenuates Macrophages-Mediated Inflammation by Targeting TLR4/NF- κB in Ischemic Cerebral Infarction
AbstractAccumulating studies have suggested the important role of microRNA (miRNA) in ischemic cerebral infarction. However, little is known of the modifying effect of miR-5787, a newly found miRNA, in ischemic cerebral infarction. We aim to elucidate the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of miR-5787 in the pathogenesis of ischemic cerebral infarction. MiR-5787 is demonstrated to be downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples of patients compared with controls, which is negatively associated with inflammatory cytokines of IL-6 and TNF- α in ischemic cerebral infarction. Besides, the express...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Proteomic Analysis of Perihematoma Tissue from Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage Using iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics
AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage is a complicated disorder with limited proven prognostic and therapeutic targets and elusive mechanisms. With proteomic methods, we aimed to explore the global protein expression profile of perihematomal tissue from ICH patients and identify potential pathophysiological pathways and protein markers. Using iTRAQ-labeling quantitative proteomics technology, four ICH brain sample and four non-ICH brain samples were analyzed. Among the 3740 quantifiable proteins, 884 were dysregulated in the patients compared to those in the controls (p < 0.05). After bioinformatics analysis, the differ...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuronal Exosomes Secreted under Oxygen –Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Presenting Differentially Expressed miRNAs and Affecting Neuronal Survival and Neurite Outgrowth
AbstractIschemia/reperfusion is a key feature of acute ischemic stroke, which causes neuron dysfunction and death. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles produced by most cell types, are implicated in the mediation of cellular interactions with their environment. Here, we investigated the contents and functions of exosomes from neurons under ischemic reperfusion injury. First, rat cortical primary neuronal cell cultures were placed in an oxygen- and glucose-deprived (OGD) medium, followed by reperfusion in a normoxic conditioned medium (OGD/R) to mimic ischemia/reperfusion in vitro. The neuron-derived exosomes were harvest...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
