Deoxysphingolipids Upregulate MMP-1, Downregulate TIMP-1, and Induce Cytotoxicity in Human Schwann Cells
AbstractSphingolipids are a heterogeneous class of lipids and essential components of the plasma membrane and plasma lipoproteins. Studies have shown that plasma deoxysphingolipid (DSL), a newly identified sphingolipid class, is increased in diabetic patients and associated with diabetic neuropathy. However, it remains unknown if there is a causal relationship between plasma DSL increase and diabetic neuropathy. Since matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in diabetic neuropathy by degrading extracellular matrix in the peripheral nervous system, we investigated the effect of DSLs on the expression of MMPs ...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuroprotective and Proneurogenic Effects of Glucosamine in an Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Model of Ischemia
AbstractNeuroprotective, antineuroinflammatory, and proneurogenic effects of glucosamine, a naturally occurring amino sugar, have been reported in various animal models of brain injury including cerebral ischemia and hypoxic brain damage. Given that clinical translation of therapeutic candidates identified in animal models of ischemic stroke has remained unsatisfactory in general, possibly due to inadequacy of existing models, we sought to study the effects of glucosamine in a recently developed, clinical condition mimicking mouse model of internal cerebral artery occlusion. In this model of mild to moderate striatal damag...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - November 27, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Exosomes Derived Neuronal Markers: Immunoaffinity Isolation and Characterization
AbstractNeuronal exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication in the brain and represent a promising biomarker for neurological diseases, including stroke. However, limited techniques are available for isolating neuronal exosomes due to their small number in the serum exosomes. Thus, the development of efficient tools with brain-specific markers is needed. Here, we show the optimization of an immunoaffinity assay-based isolation protocol for specific exosomes or neuronally derived exosomes (NDE). Our results demonstrated that one-micron functionalized magnetic beads successfully separated CD63+ and L1CAM+ ex...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - November 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: Specific Susceptibility to COVID-19 in Adults with Down Syndrome
(Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine)
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - November 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Identification of Blood Biomarkers of Chronic Neuropathic Pain by Comparative Transcriptomics
In this study, we recruited 50 chronic pain (neuropathic and nociceptive) and 43 pain-free controls to identify specific blood biomarkers of chronic neuropathic pain (CNP). Affymetrix microarray was carried out on a subset of samples selected 10 CNP and 10 pain-free control participants. The most significant genes were cross-validated using the entire dataset by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In comparative analysis of controls and CNP patients,WLS(P = 4.80 × 10–7),CHPT1 (P = 7.74 × 10–7) andCASP5 (P = 2.30 × 10–5) were highly significant, whilstFGFBP2 (P = 0.00162),STAT1 (P =â...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - November 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) Protects Cerebral Neurons from Death During Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) Injury by Modulating Drp1 in Mice
This study aimed to explore the role of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The mouse model with cerebral I/R injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). The expression ofogt in brain tissues was detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining assay. Neurological deficit was evaluated using a modified scoring system. The infarct volume was assessed by TTC staining assay. Neuronal apoptosis in brain tissues was evaluated by TUNEL staining assay. The level of cleaved caspase-3 in brain tissues was detected by Western blot an...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - October 27, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
SIRT3 Regulates Neuronal Excitability of Alzheimer ’s Disease Models in an Oxidative Stress-Dependent Manner
AbstractMitochondrial deacetylase Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) has been shown to regulate metabolic and antioxidant functions. Previous studies have reported that SIRT3 mediates change of neuronal excitability. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that SIRT3 deficiency results in neural hyperactivity, decreased survival rate, and increased oxidative stress of culture neurons, while a superoxide dismutase 2 mimetic reduces oxidative stress and suppresses the neuronal hyperactivity. In culture neurons treated with A β, SIRT3 activator reduces level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hyperactivity of neurons wh...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - October 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Emerging Epigenetic Therapies for Brain Tumors
AbstractMalignant brain tumors are among the most intractable cancers, including malignancies such as glioblastoma, diffuse midline glioma, medulloblastoma, and ependymoma. Unfortunately, treatment options for these brain tumors have been inadequate and complex, leading to poor prognoses and creating a need for new treatment modalities. Aberrant epigenetics define these types of tumors, with underlying changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin structure and noncoding RNAs. Epigenetic-targeted therapies are an alternative that have the potential to reverse the epigenetic deregulation underpinning brain ma...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - October 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Therapy for Glioblastoma
AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) are the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors in adults. Current mainstay treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation; however, these are ineffective. As a result, immunotherapy treatment strategies are being developed to harness the body ’s natural defense mechanisms against gliomas. Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells uses patients’ own T cells that are genetically modified to target tumor-associated antigens. These cells are harvested from patients, engineered to target specific proteins expresse d by the tumor and re-injected into the p...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - October 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
