Meningeal Multipotent Cells: A Hidden Target for CNS Repair?
AbstractTraditionally, the primary role of the meninges is thought to be structural, i.e., to act as a surrounding membrane that contains and cushions the brain with cerebrospinal fluid. During development, the meninges is formed by both mesenchymal and neural crest cells. There is now emerging evidence that subsets of undifferentiated stem cells might persist in the adult meninges. In this mini-review, we survey representative studies of brain-meningeal interactions and discuss the hypothesis that the meninges are not just protective membranes, but instead contain multiplex stem cell subsets that may contribute to central...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Gastrodin Regulates the Notch Signaling Pathway and Sirt3 in Activated Microglia in Cerebral Hypoxic-Ischemia Neonatal Rats and in Activated BV-2 Microglia
This study is designed to determine whether gastrodin would regulate the Notch signaling pathway and Sirtuin3 (Sirt3), which are implicated in regulating microglia activation. The present results showed that gastrodin markedly suppressed the expression of members of Notch signaling pathway (Notch-1, NICD, RBP-JK and Hes-1) in activated microglia both in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, Sirt3 expression was enhanced. In BV-2 microglia treated with a γ-secretase inhibitor of Notch pathway- DAPT, the expression of RBP-JK, Hes-1, and NICD was suppressed in activated microglia. Treatment with DAPT and gastrodin further decreased...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Extract of Polygala tenuifolia, Angelica tenuissima, and Dimocarpus longan Reduces Behavioral Defect and Enhances Autophagy in Experimental Models of Parkinson ’s Disease
This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic advantages of WIN-1001X on animal models of Parkinson’s disease. WIN-1001X administration successfully relieved the Parkinsonism symptoms in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson’s disease mice tested by rota-rod and pole tests. The loss of tyrosi ne hydroxylase activities in substantia nigra and striatum was also attenuated by administration of WIN-1001X. In mice with sub-chronical MPTP injections, autophagy-related proteins, such as LC3, beclin-1, mTOR, and p62, were measured using the immunoblot assay. The results were favorable to inducti ...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Remote Ischemic Post-Conditioning Therapy is Protective in Mouse Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
AbstractTraumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is characterized by visual dysfunction after indirect or direct injury to the optic nerve following blunt head trauma. TON is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation resulting in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIC) has been shown to enhance endogenous protective mechanisms in diverse disease models including stroke, vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), retinal injury and optic nerve injury. However, the protective mechanisms underlying the improvement of retinal function and RGC survival after RIC treatment remain unclear. H...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
VEGF Modulates the Neural Dynamics of Hippocampal Subregions in Chronic Global Cerebral Ischemia Rats
In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that VEGF enhanced the theta–gamma PAC strength of CA3–CA1 pathway in ischemia rats, which may futher improve the information transmission within the hippocampus. These results illustrated th e potential electrophysiologic mechanism of VEGF on cognitive improvement. (Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine)
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
LncRNA LINC00689 Promotes the Tumorigenesis of Glioma via Mediation of miR-526b-3p/IGF2BP1 Axis
In conclusion, silencing of LINC00689 could inhibit the tumorigenesis of glioma via mediation of miR-526b-3p/IGF2BP1 axis. LINC00689 may serve as a new target for the treatment of glioma. (Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine)
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
High-Intensity Functional Training: Molecular Mechanisms and Benefits
AbstractHigh-intensity interval training (HIIT) and strength exercise are known to improve health markers, such as cardiovascular health, metabolic health, and cognitive function, as well as to reduce all-cause mortality. High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) is a training paradigm derived from both HIIT and strength exercise to elicit greater muscle recruitment than repetitive aerobic exercises, thereby improving both cardiovascular fitness and strength parameters. Herein, we provide a focused review of the known molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of HIFT on cardiovascular, metabolic, and cognit...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Antioxidant Combo Therapy Protects White Matter After Traumatic Brain Injury
AbstractFollowing traumatic brain injury (TBI), increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ensuing oxidative stress promotes the secondary brain damage that encompasses both grey matter and white matter. As this contributes to the long-term neurological deficits, decreasing oxidative stress during the acute period of TBI is beneficial. While NADPH oxidase (NOX2) is the major producer of ROS, transcription factor Nrf2 that induces antioxidant enzymes promotes efficient ROS disposal. We recently showed that treatment with an antioxidant drug combo of apocynin (NOX2 inhibitor) and TBHQ (Nrf2 activator) prot...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - September 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Retraction Note to: Methylation and Expression Patterns of Tropomyosin-Related Kinase Genes in Different Grades of Glioma
(Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine)
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - August 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Extract of Polygala tenuifolia, Angelica tenuissima, and Dimocarpus longan Reduces Behavioral Defect and Enhances Autophagy in Experimental Models of Parkinson ’s Disease
This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic advantages of WIN-1001X on animal models of Parkinson’s disease. WIN-1001X administration successfully relieved the Parkinsonism symptoms in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson’s disease mice tested by rota-rod and pole tests. The loss of tyrosi ne hydroxylase activities in substantia nigra and striatum was also attenuated by administration of WIN-1001X. In mice with sub-chronical MPTP injections, autophagy-related proteins, such as LC3, beclin-1, mTOR, and p62, were measured using the immunoblot assay. The results were favorable to inducti ...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - August 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Butanol Extract of Tinospora cordifolia Alleviates Acute Sleep Deprivation-Induced Impairments in Cognitive Functions and Neuromuscular Coordination in Middle-Aged Female Rats
AbstractSleep deprivation due to present-day lifestyle and late-hours work commitments are associated with a broad spectrum of neurobehavioral complications. Moreover, women, as they age, become prone to the cumulative effects of menopause such as sleep disturbances, adiposity, and inflammation which are attributed to a compromised immuno-neuro-endocrine axis. So far, no effective therapeutic remedy is available to mitigate the adverse effects of SD. The current study was aimed to elucidate the neuroprotective potential of n-Butanol fraction obtained from hydroalcoholic extract ofTinospora cordifolia stem (B-TCE). Four gro...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - August 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Prognostic Value of miR-137 in Children with Medulloblastoma and its Regulatory Effect on Tumor Progression
This study can conclude that miR-137 may be used as a prognostic biomarker of MB. (Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine)
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - August 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Brain Tumors
AbstractNearly thirty thousand incidences of primary and 300 thousand incidences of metastatic brain cancer are diagnosed in the USA each year. It has a high mortality rate and is often unresponsive to the standard of care, which includes surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. These treatment strategies are also hindered by their invasiveness and toxic effects on healthy cells and tissues. Furthermore, the blood –brain/tumor barrier severely limits delivery of anti-cancer therapeutics administered intravenously to brain tumors, resulting in poor tumor response to the treatment. There is a critical need to devel...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - August 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
