Activation of ephrinb1/EPHB2/MAP-2/NMDAR Mediates Hippocampal Neurogenesis Promoted by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Cerebral-Ischemic Mice
This study aimed to investigate the promotive effect and mechanism of repetitive anodal-tDCS on hippocampal neurogenesis after CI in mice. The CI model in mice was established using bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). The pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region and cognitive function were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Morris water maze test, respectively. Hippocampal neurogenesis was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The levels of expression of ephrinb1, EPHB2, MAP-2, and NMDAR in the hippocampi were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Compared with the sham mice, the...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Panobinostat or Entinostat on Motor Recovery in Mice After Ischemic Stroke
AbstractUsing rigorous and clinically relevant experimental design and analysis standards, in this study, we investigated the potential of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors panobinostat and entinostat to enhance recovery of motor function after photothrombotic stroke in male mice. Panobinostat, a pan-HDAC inhibitor, is a FDA-approved drug for certain cancers, whereas entinostat is a class-I HDAC inhibitor in late stage of clinical investigation. The drugs were administered every other day (panobinostat —3 or 10 mg/kg; entinostat—1.7 or 5 mg/kg) starting from day 5 to 15 after stroke. To imitate the current standa...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Specific Susceptibility to COVID-19 in Adults with Down Syndrome
AbstractThe current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, which causes COVID-19, is particularly devastating for individuals with chronic medical conditions, in particular those with Down Syndrome (DS) who often exhibit a higher prevalence of respiratory tract infections, immune dysregulation and potential complications. The incidenc e of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is much higher in DS than in the general population, possibly increasing further the risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications. Here we provide a biological overview with regard to specific susceptibility of individuals with DS to SARS-CoV-2 infection as well a s data f...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Vitamin D3 Supplement Attenuates Blood –Brain Barrier Disruption and Cognitive Impairments in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury
This study was designed to study the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on the cognitive dysfunction and neurological function of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the possible underlying mechanisms. To this purpose, different doses of vitamin D3 were intraperitoneally injection to TBI rats for one week before TBI surgery and three consecutive weeks after TBI. Brain edema evaluation was conducted on the third day and Evans blue staining for blood –brain barrier (BBB) permeability on the seventh day after TBI. Rat behavior was assessed by evaluation of neurological scores and morris water maze. It was revealed that vita...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
IL-2/IL-2R Antibody Complex Enhances Treg-Induced Neuroprotection by Dampening TNF- α Inflammation in an In Vitro Stroke Model
AbstractThe present in vitro study showed that IL-2/IL-2R antibody complex facilitates Treg-induced neuroprotection in the oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model of stroke. First, we examined the role of IL-2/IL-2R-treated Tregs in OGD/R-exposed rat primary cortical cells (PCCs), which represent the cell type of the ischemic gray matter in the stroke brain. Here, OGD/R induced cell death, which was attenuated by Tregs and more robustly by IL-2/IL-2R-treated Tregs, but not by IL-2/IL-2R treatment alone. Second, we next assessed IL-2/IL-2R effects in OGD/R-exposed human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs)...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Repurposing Vorinostat for the Treatment of Disorders Affecting Brain
AbstractBased on the findings in recent years, we summarize the therapeutic potential of vorinostat (VOR), the first approved histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in disorders of brain, and strategies to improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects. Scientific evidences provide a strong case for the therapeutic utility of VOR in various disorders affecting brain, including stroke, Alzheimer ’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy, epilepsy, Niemann-Pick type C disease, and neuropsychiatric dis...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Effect of Ulinastatin to the Learning and Memory in Zebrafish
In this study, we wanted to demonstrate whether UTI could improve learning and memory by using zebrafish behavior model and bio-markers. Zebrafish were 6 –8 months of age and were 2.5–3.5 cm long. They were divided into four groups by control, 1X PBS-injected control, UTI 10,000, and 50,000 injected group. All PBS and UTI injected zebrafish were anesthetized by Tricainemethanesulphonate. We measured total time, distance moved, and frequency in each compartment of T-maze. We also measured the expression levels of glutamate transporter levels and cognitive bio-markers such as c-fos, c-jun, BDNF. UTI affected the learni...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Deoxysphingolipids Upregulate MMP-1, Downregulate TIMP-1, and Induce Cytotoxicity in Human Schwann Cells
AbstractSphingolipids are a heterogeneous class of lipids and essential components of the plasma membrane and plasma lipoproteins. Studies have shown that plasma deoxysphingolipid (DSL), a newly identified sphingolipid class, is increased in diabetic patients and associated with diabetic neuropathy. However, it remains unknown if there is a causal relationship between plasma DSL increase and diabetic neuropathy. Since matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in diabetic neuropathy by degrading extracellular matrix in the peripheral nervous system, we investigated the effect of DSLs on the expression of MMPs ...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Inhibition of microRNA-143-3p Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Targeting FSTL1
AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) miR-143-3p has been reported to participate in the progression of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but its function in cerebral I/R injury remains unclear. Mice were subjected to 60 min of cerebral ischemia followed by different times of reperfusion to construct an I/R injury model in vivo. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) for 2 h followed by different times of re-oxygenation to establish I/R injury model in vitro. Neurol ogical deficit was assessed by a five-point score. Infarct volume was detected using 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazo...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Overexpression of microRNA-939-5p Contributes to Cell Proliferation and Associates Poor Prognosis in Glioma
In this study, we tried to detect the microRNA-939-5p (miR-939-5p) expression pattern and explore its prognostic significance in glioma. We performed the quantitative real-time PCR to examine the relative expression of miR-939-5p in glioma. The Kaplan –Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to reveal the prognostic importance of miR-939-5p. The influence of miR-939-5p on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was investigated by the Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay, and Transwell assay. Besides, the target ge ne of miR-939-5p was provided by luciferase reporter assay. Our data substant...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Gene Expression Analysis Identifies Cholesterol Metabolism Dysregulation in Hippocampus of Phenytoin-Resistant Pentylenetetrazol-Kindled Epileptic Mice
AbstractPharmaco-resistant Epilepsy has been a major challenge for medical interventions in controlling seizures. To date, up to 33% of the patients with epilepsy do not show adequate response to anti-epileptic drugs even after prolonged combinatorial drug usage. Using microarray, this study explores the changes in hippocampal gene expression in the phenytoin-resistant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindled mouse model of epilepsy. Our results from mRNA microarray analysis show distinct gene expression profiles in the hippocampus of phenytoin-resistant and sensitive mice. Pathway enrichment analysis showed differential expression...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: One Lactate to Rule Them All
AbstractAdult hippocampal neurogenesis is a dynamic process involved in cognitive functions, like learning and memory. Numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulate and affect hippocampal neurogenesis. An exceptionally beneficial external factor is physical exercise due to the impact of the lactate accumulated during physical effort on neural plasticity. Lactate has recently emerged as one of the most interesting and potent factors in health and disease due to its involvement in the metabolism and signaling of most, if not all, of the cells in the CNS. Herein, we illustrate the effects induced by lactate on the differe...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: Specific Susceptibility to COVID-19 in Adults with Down Syndrome
(Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine)
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: Specific Susceptibility to COVID-19 in Adults with Down Syndrome
A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12017-021-08657-z (Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine)
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Assessment of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Parents of Autistic Children by Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Assay
This study aimed to investigate the frequency of micronucleus (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of parents with autistic children. The study was case –control and the cases were parents of autistic children referring to the psychiatric department of the Ali-Asghar Hospital of Tehran. The total number of samples was 60 cases and 30 controls. The results showed that autistic children's parents had a significant increase in MN frequency in binucle ated lymphocytes. Further researches are suggested to analyze the environmental and genetic reasons for MN increase in autistic children parents. (Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine)
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - December 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
