Overexpression of microRNA-939-5p Contributes to Cell Proliferation and Associates Poor Prognosis in Glioma
In this study, we tried to detect the microRNA-939-5p (miR-939-5p) expression pattern and explore its prognostic significance in glioma. We performed the quantitative real-time PCR to examine the relative expression of miR-939-5p in glioma. The Kaplan –Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to reveal the prognostic importance of miR-939-5p. The influence of miR-939-5p on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was investigated by the Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay, and Transwell assay. Besides, the target ge ne of miR-939-5p was provided by luciferase reporter assay. Our data substant...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - March 30, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Activation of ephrinb1/EPHB2/MAP-2/NMDAR Mediates Hippocampal Neurogenesis Promoted by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Cerebral-Ischemic Mice
This study aimed to investigate the promotive effect and mechanism of repetitive anodal-tDCS on hippocampal neurogenesis after CI in mice. The CI model in mice was established using bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). The pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region and cognitive function were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Morris water maze test, respectively. Hippocampal neurogenesis was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The levels of expression of ephrinb1, EPHB2, MAP-2, and NMDAR in the hippocampi were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Compared with the sham mice, the...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - March 29, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Effect of Ulinastatin to the Learning and Memory in Zebrafish
In this study, we wanted to demonstrate whether UTI could improve learning and memory by using zebrafish behavior model and bio-markers. Zebrafish were 6 –8 months of age and were 2.5–3.5 cm long. They were divided into four groups by control, 1X PBS-injected control, UTI 10,000, and 50,000 injected group. All PBS and UTI injected zebrafish were anesthetized by Tricainemethanesulphonate. We measured total time, distance moved, and frequency in each compartment of T-maze. We also measured the expression levels of glutamate transporter levels and cognitive bio-markers such as c-fos, c-jun, BDNF. UTI affected the learni...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - March 26, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Assessment of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Parents of Autistic Children by Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Assay
This study aimed to investigate the frequency of micronucleus (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of parents with autistic children. The study was case –control and the cases were parents of autistic children referring to the psychiatric department of the Ali-Asghar Hospital of Tehran. The total number of samples was 60 cases and 30 controls. The results showed that autistic children's parents had a significant increase in MN frequency in binucle ated lymphocytes. Further researches are suggested to analyze the environmental and genetic reasons for MN increase in autistic children parents. (Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine)
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - March 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Inhibition of microRNA-143-3p Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Targeting FSTL1
AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) miR-143-3p has been reported to participate in the progression of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but its function in cerebral I/R injury remains unclear. Mice were subjected to 60 min of cerebral ischemia followed by different times of reperfusion to construct an I/R injury model in vivo. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) for 2 h followed by different times of re-oxygenation to establish I/R injury model in vitro. Neurol ogical deficit was assessed by a five-point score. Infarct volume was detected using 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazo...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - March 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Specific Susceptibility to COVID-19 in Adults with Down Syndrome
AbstractThe current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, which causes COVID-19, is particularly devastating for individuals with chronic medical conditions, in particular those with Down Syndrome (DS) who often exhibit a higher prevalence of respiratory tract infections, immune dysregulation and potential complications. The incidenc e of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is much higher in DS than in the general population, possibly increasing further the risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications. Here we provide a biological overview with regard to specific susceptibility of individuals with DS to SARS-CoV-2 infection as well a s data f...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - March 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Vitamin D3 Supplement Attenuates Blood –Brain Barrier Disruption and Cognitive Impairments in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury
This study was designed to study the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on the cognitive dysfunction and neurological function of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the possible underlying mechanisms. To this purpose, different doses of vitamin D3 were intraperitoneally injection to TBI rats for one week before TBI surgery and three consecutive weeks after TBI. Brain edema evaluation was conducted on the third day and Evans blue staining for blood –brain barrier (BBB) permeability on the seventh day after TBI. Rat behavior was assessed by evaluation of neurological scores and morris water maze. It was revealed that vita...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - February 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Gene Expression Analysis Identifies Cholesterol Metabolism Dysregulation in Hippocampus of Phenytoin-Resistant Pentylenetetrazol-Kindled Epileptic Mice
AbstractPharmaco-resistant Epilepsy has been a major challenge for medical interventions in controlling seizures. To date, up to 33% of the patients with epilepsy do not show adequate response to anti-epileptic drugs even after prolonged combinatorial drug usage. Using microarray, this study explores the changes in hippocampal gene expression in the phenytoin-resistant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindled mouse model of epilepsy. Our results from mRNA microarray analysis show distinct gene expression profiles in the hippocampus of phenytoin-resistant and sensitive mice. Pathway enrichment analysis showed differential expression...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - February 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Panobinostat or Entinostat on Motor Recovery in Mice After Ischemic Stroke
AbstractUsing rigorous and clinically relevant experimental design and analysis standards, in this study, we investigated the potential of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors panobinostat and entinostat to enhance recovery of motor function after photothrombotic stroke in male mice. Panobinostat, a pan-HDAC inhibitor, is a FDA-approved drug for certain cancers, whereas entinostat is a class-I HDAC inhibitor in late stage of clinical investigation. The drugs were administered every other day (panobinostat —3 or 10 mg/kg; entinostat—1.7 or 5 mg/kg) starting from day 5 to 15 after stroke. To imitate the current standa...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - February 15, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Defective Lysosomal Lipid Catabolism as a Common Pathogenic Mechanism for Dementia
AbstractDementia poses an ever-growing burden to health care and social services as life expectancies have grown across the world and populations age. The most common forms of dementia are Alzheimer ’s disease (AD), vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Lewy body dementia, which includes Parkinson’s disease (PD) dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Genomic studies over the past 3 decades have identified variants in genes regulating lipid transporters and endosomal p rocesses as major risk determinants for AD, with the most significant being inheritance of the ε4 allele of theAPOE gene, encodin...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - February 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Sphingolipids as Regulators of Neuro-Inflammation and NADPH Oxidase 2
AbstractNeuro-inflammation accompanies numerous neurological disorders and conditions where it can be associated with a progressive neurodegenerative pathology. In a similar manner, alterations in sphingolipid metabolism often accompany or are causative features in degenerative neurological conditions. These include dementias, motor disorders, autoimmune conditions, inherited metabolic disorders, viral infection, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, psychiatric conditions, and more. Sphingolipids are major regulators of cellular fate and function in addition to being important structural components of membranes. Their m...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - February 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Antioxidant Combo Therapy Protects White Matter After Traumatic Brain Injury
AbstractFollowing traumatic brain injury (TBI), increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ensuing oxidative stress promotes the secondary brain damage that encompasses both grey matter and white matter. As this contributes to the long-term neurological deficits, decreasing oxidative stress during the acute period of TBI is beneficial. While NADPH oxidase (NOX2) is the major producer of ROS, transcription factor Nrf2 that induces antioxidant enzymes promotes efficient ROS disposal. We recently showed that treatment with an antioxidant drug combo of apocynin (NOX2 inhibitor) and TBHQ (Nrf2 activator) prot...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - January 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Lipidomic Analysis of Postmortem Prefrontal Cortex Phospholipids Reveals Changes in Choline Plasmalogen Containing Docosahexaenoic Acid and Stearic Acid Between Cases With and Without Alzheimer’s Disease
In this study, we used a comprehensive mass-spectrometry method to quantify diacyl and plasmalogen species, alkyl synthetic precursors of plasmalogens, a nd lysophospholipid degradation products of diacyl and plasmalogen PLs, in postmortem samples of prefrontal cortex from 21 AD patients and 20 age-matched controls. Total PLs were also quantified with gas-chromatography analysis of bound fatty acids following thin layer chromatography isolation. Ther e was a significant 27% reduction in the concentration (nmol/g wet weight) of choline plasmalogen containing stearic acid (alkenyl group) and docosahexaenoic acid in AD compar...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - January 21, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Extract of Polygala tenuifolia , Angelica tenuissima , and Dimocarpus longan Reduces Behavioral Defect and Enhances Autophagy in Experimental Models of Parkinson ’s Disease
This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic advantages of WIN-1001X on animal models of Parkinson’s disease. WIN-1001X administration successfully relieved the Parkinsonism symptoms in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson’s disease mice tested by rota-rod and pole tests. The loss of tyrosi ne hydroxylase activities in substantia nigra and striatum was also attenuated by administration of WIN-1001X. In mice with sub-chronical MPTP injections, autophagy-related proteins, such as LC3, beclin-1, mTOR, and p62, were measured using the immunoblot assay. The results were favorable to inducti ...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - January 11, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
VEGF Modulates the Neural Dynamics of Hippocampal Subregions in Chronic Global Cerebral Ischemia Rats
In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that VEGF enhanced the theta–gamma PAC strength of CA3–CA1 pathway in ischemia rats, which may futher improve the information transmission within the hippocampus. These results illustrated th e potential electrophysiologic mechanism of VEGF on cognitive improvement. (Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine)
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - January 4, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
