The multifaceted roles of antimicrobial peptides in oral diseases
AbstractAntimicrobial peptides are naturally occurring protein molecules with antibacterial, antiviral and/or antifungal activity. Some antimicrobial peptides kill microorganisms through direct binding with negatively charged microbial surfaces. This action disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane and leads to the leakage of the cytoplasm. In addition, they are involved in the innate immune response. Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in oral health, as natural antimicrobial peptides are the first line of host defence in response to microbial infection. The level of natural antimicrobial peptides increases during sever...
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - March 17, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: John Yun Niu,
Iris Xiaoxue Yin,
May Lei Mei,
William Ka Kei Wu,
Quan ‐Li Li,
Chun Hung Chu Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Porphyromonas gingivalis induced up ‐regulation of PD‐L1 in colon carcinoma cells
In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that peptidoglycan ofP. gingivalis plays a major role in PD ‐L1 up‐regulation in colon cancer cells. In addition, the mechanism of PD‐L1 up‐regulation depends on NOD 1 and NOD 2 and involves activation of RIP2 and MAPK signaling pathways. (Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology)
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - March 14, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Doaa Adel ‐Khattab,
Sabine Groeger,
Eugen Domann,
Trinad Chakraborty,
Günter Lochnit,
Joerg Meyle Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Development of an FhbB based chimeric vaccinogen that elicits antibodies that block Factor H binding and cleavage by the periopathogen Treponema denticola
This study is the first to extend this approach to the development of a preventive or therapeutic vaccine (or monoclonal Ab) for periodontal disease. (Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology)
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - March 8, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nathaniel S. O'Bier,
Dhara T. Patel,
Lee D. Oliver,
Daniel P. Miller,
Richard T. Marconi Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Polyamines in the virulence of bacterial pathogens of respiratory tract
Convergent mechanisms of polyamine biosynthesis do exist across the border of species and genus level. The pool of extracellular polyamines formed by secretion of the commensals and the host may be one of the signaling molecules that might contribute toward the alterations in the expression of virulence factors in bacterial pathogens. AbstractPolyamines are positively charged hydrocarbons that are essential for the growth and cellular maintenance in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Polyamines have been demonstrated to play a role in bacterial pathogenicity and biofilm formation. However, the role of extracellular polyamines as ...
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - March 8, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rajashri Banerji,
Poonam Kanojiya,
Amrita Patil,
Sunil D. Saroj Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology)
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - March 8, 2021 Category: Microbiology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
Multiple factors are involved in regulation of extracellular membrane vesicle biogenesis in Streptococcus mutans
This study showed that when added to the culture medium, MVs significantly enhancedS. mutans biofilm formation especially in the presence of sucrose and regardless of whether human saliva was also added. Multiple factors including 4 ’‐phosphopantetheinyl transferase (Sfp), di‐adenylyl cyclase (Dac) and phosphodiesterase (PdeA) were found to play significant roles in regulation of MV production. AbstractStreptococcus mutans, a major etiological agent of human dental caries, produces membrane vesicles (MVs) that contain protein and extracellular DNA. In this study, functional genomics, along with in vitro biofilm model...
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - March 8, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Zezhang T. Wen,
Ashton N. Jorgensen,
Xiaochang Huang,
Kassapa Ellepola,
Lynne Chapman,
Hui Wu,
L. Jeannine Brady Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
PG1659 functions as anti ‐sigma factor to extracytoplasmic function sigma factor RpoE in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83
The sigma factor RopE plays an important role in oxidative stress resistance and the virulence regulatory network inP. gingivalis. Collectively, the data in this report have demonstrated the functional properties of anti ‐sigma factor PG1659 in its modulation of RopE inP. gingivalis. It is likely that PG1659 is involved in a complex regulatory network that may represent a yet ‐to‐be described oxidative stress resistance pathway inP. gingivalis. AbstractAnti ‐sigma factors play a critical role in regulating the expression of sigma factors in response to environmental stress signals.PG1659 is cotranscribed with an up...
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - March 8, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yuetan Dou,
Hiel Rutanhira,
Norbert Schormann,
Champion Deivanayagam,
Hansel M. Fletcher Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Activity of Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume extract against the biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide synthesis of Streptococcus mutans
The extract ofLigustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume, mainly composed of Ligurobustosides, exhibits antimicrobial activity against oral pathogenStreptococcus mutans. AbstractLigustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume is utilized as a traditional Chinese herbal tea with various health benefits and protective effects.Streptococcus mutans is an important cariogenic oral bacteria species. The present study aimed to assess the influence ofLigustrum robustum extract (LRE) on the biofilm formation ofS.mutans and the mechanism of its action, as well as to identify its chemical components. For chemical identification, HPLC ‐MS and nuclear magnet...
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - March 8, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Zhong Zhang,
Jumei Zeng,
Xuedong Zhou,
Qianda Xu,
Chenghui Li,
Yiduo Liu,
Chaoliang Zhang,
Liu Wang,
Weicai Zeng,
Yuqing Li Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces a proatherosclerotic response in human endothelial cells in a three ‐dimensional collagen scaffold model
This study characterizes a three ‐dimensional model with human coronary artery endothelial cells on three‐dimensional (HCAEC‐3D) type I collagen scaffolds to evaluate whether infection withAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces a proinflammatory response associated with atherosclerosis. The HCAEC ‐3D culture was physicochemically characterized with regard to biocompatibility and barrier function. Then, the culture was infected withA. actinomycetemcomitans strain ATCC 29522 at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 1:1, 1:10, and 1:100. Cultures without infection and stimulated withA. actinomycetemcomitans lip...
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - March 8, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Maria A. Torres,
Diego F. Gualtero,
Gloria I. Lafaurie,
Marta R. Fontanilla Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Modified SHI medium supports growth of a disease ‐state subgingival polymicrobial community in vitro
AbstractDeveloping a laboratory model of oral polymicrobial communities is essential for in vitro studies of the transition from healthy to diseased oral plaque. SHI medium is an enriched growth medium capable of supporting in vitro biofilms with similar diversity to healthy supragingival inocula; however, this medium does not maintain the diversity of gram ‐negative bacteria more associated with subgingival plaque. Here, we systematically modified SHI medium components to investigate the impacts of varying nutrients and develop a medium capable of supporting a specific disease‐state subgingival community. A diseased s...
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - March 8, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Eleanor I. Lamont,
Archita Gadkari,
Kristopher A. Kerns,
Thao T. To,
Diane Daubert,
Georgios Kotsakis,
Batbileg Bor,
Xuesong He,
Jeffrey S. McLean Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Towards defining the outer membrane proteome of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Porphyromonas gingivalis cell showing different types of outer membrane ‐associated proteins with their localization and function. AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram ‐negative anaerobic pathogen found in subgingival plaque associated with progressive periodontitis. Proteins associated with the outer membrane (OM) of Gram‐negative pathogens are particularly important for understanding virulence and for developing vaccines. The aim of this study was to establi sh a reliable list of outer membrane associated proteins (Omps) for this organism. Starting with a list of 99 experimentally determined Omps, several bi...
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - March 8, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Paul D. Veith,
Dhana G. Gorasia,
Eric C. Reynolds Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Lactobacilli postbiotics reduce biofilm formation and alter transcription of virulence genes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
AbstractPeriodontitis is characterized by a dysbiotic microbial community and treatment strategies include the reestablishment of symbiosis by reducing pathogens abundance.Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is frequently associated with rapidly progressing periodontitis. Since the oral ecosystem may be affected by metabolic end ‐products of bacteria, we evaluated the effect of soluble compounds released by probiotic lactobacilli, known as postbiotics, on Aa biofilm and expression of virulence‐associated genes. Cell‐free pH‐neutralized supernatants (CFS) ofLactobacillus rhamnosus Lr32,L.rhamnosus HN001,Lacto...
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - March 8, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Karin H. Ishikawa,
Manuela R. Bueno,
Dione Kawamoto,
Maria R. L. Simionato,
Marcia P. A. Mayer Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
PG1659 functions as anti ‐sigma factor to extracytoplasmic function sigma factor RpoE in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83
The sigma factor RopE plays an important role in oxidative stress resistance and the virulence regulatory network inP. gingivalis. Collectively, the data in this report have demonstrated the functional properties of anti ‐sigma factor PG1659 in its modulation of RopE inP. gingivalis. It is likely that PG1659 is involved in a complex regulatory network that may represent a yet ‐to‐be described oxidative stress resistance pathway inP. gingivalis. AbstractAnti ‐sigma factors play a critical role in regulating the expression of sigma factors in response to environmental stress signals.PG1659 is cotranscribed with an up...
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - January 13, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yuetan Dou,
Hiel Rutanhira,
Norbert Schormann,
Champion Deivanayagam,
Hansel M. Fletcher Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Periodontal Pathogens ’ strategies disarm neutrophils to promote dysregulated inflammation
Neutrophils normally play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis in the oral cavity, but both established and emerging periodontal pathogens evade and manipulate neutrophil functional mechanisms to initiate and maintain a cycle of inflammation that results in periodontitis. Here, we review the effect of established and emerging periodontal pathogens on each neutrophil function and link the aberrant neutrophil phenotype to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. AbstractPeriodontitis is an irreversible, chronic inflammatory disease where inflammophilic pathogenic microbial communities accumulate in the gingival crevice. Neut...
Source: Molecular Oral Microbiology - December 31, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Irina Miralda,
Silvia M. Uriarte Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
