Testing for isotypes does not help differentiating rheumatoid arthritis from other rheumatoid factor positive diseases
AbstractRheumatoid factors (RFs) are useful for diagnosis and classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nephelometric and turbidimetric techniques, which detect total RF but do not reveal the antibody isotype, are common diagnostic methods in clinical routine. Given the recent development of isotype-specific immunoassays, the detection of IgG, IgM, and IgA RFs represents an interesting challenge. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether specific RF tests performed as a second step after traditional nephelometry could help differentiating RA from other RF-positive diseases. We tested 117 consecutive serum samples tha...
Source: Immunologic Research - June 15, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
COVID-19 infection: a possible induction factor for development of autoimmune diseases?
In this study, we focused on the similarities and possible differences between COVID-19 and autoimmune disorders to explore the relationship between them. Comparing the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 infection with autoimmune conditions revealed significant immunological properties of COVID-19 including the presence of several autoantibodies, autoimmunity-related cytokines, and cellular activities that could be useful in future clinical studies aiming at managing this pandemic. (Source: Immunologic Research)
Source: Immunologic Research - June 14, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Extracellular vesicle –encapsulated miR-10a-5p derived from MDSCs restrains germinal center B cells in experimental Sjögren’s syndrome
In this study, we found that MDSC-EVs significantly attenuated the progression of experimental S jögren’s syndrome (ESS). Moreover, treatment with MDSC-EVs via intravenous injection markedly reduced the percentage of germinal center (GC) B cells in ESS mice. In vitro, MDSC-EVs could directly suppress the generation of GC B cells and the expression of B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6) in B cells und er GC B-cell-polarizing conditions. Mechanistically, miR-10a-5p carried by MDSC-EVs regulated the differentiation of GC B cells by targeting Bcl-6, and inhibition of miR-10a-5p in MDSC-EVs significantly reversed the effect of MDSC-E...
Source: Immunologic Research - June 10, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Ubiquitin ligase enzymes and de-ubiquitinating enzymes regulate innate immunity in the TLR, NLR, RLR, and cGAS-STING pathways
This article aimed to provide a review on the role of ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination, especially ubiquitin ligase enzymes and de-ubiquitinating enzymes, in the above four pathways. We hope that our work can contribute to the research and development of treatment strategies for innate immunity –related diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. (Source: Immunologic Research)
Source: Immunologic Research - June 9, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Functions of MAP3Ks in antiviral immunity
AbstractImmune signal transduction is crucial to the body ’s defense against viral infection. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activates the transcription of interferon regulators and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB); this promotes the release of interferons and inflammatory factors. Efficient regul ation of type I interferon and NF-κB signaling by members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family plays an important role in antiviral immunity. Elucidating the specific roles of MAP3K activation during viral infection is essential to ...
Source: Immunologic Research - June 7, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Th17 cytokines and factors modulating their activity in patients with pernicious anemia
AbstractThe effects of specific cytokines produced by T cell subsets (such as Th1, Th2, and newly discovered Th17, Treg, Tfh, or Th22) are diverse, depending on interactions with other cytokines, distinct signaling pathways, phase of the disease, or etiological factor. The immunity equilibrium of the immune cells, such as the Th1/Th2, the Th17/Treg, and the Th17/Th1 balance is necessary for the maintenance of the immune homeostasis. If the balance of the T cells subsets is damaged, the autoimmune response becomes enhanced which leads to autoimmune diseases. Indeed, both the Th1/Th2 and the Th17/Treg dichotomies are involve...
Source: Immunologic Research - June 3, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
New insights into muscularis macrophages in the gut: from their origin to therapeutic targeting
AbstractMuscularis macrophages, as the most abundant immune cells in the intestinal muscularis externa, exhibit tissue protective phenotype in the steady state. Owing to tremendous advances in technology, we now know the fact that muscularis macrophages are a heterogeneous population of cells which could be divided into different functional subsets depending on their anatomic niches. There is emerging evidence showing that these subsets, through molecular interactions with their neighbours, take part in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the gut. In this review, we summarize recent progress (...
Source: Immunologic Research - May 23, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Circulating anti-hypothalamus antibodies in celiac patients: tissue transglutaminase friend or foe?
This study demonstrates for the first time the presence of anti-hypothalamus antibodies and their correlation with the severity of the CD. It also allows us to hypothesize the role of tTG as a putative autoantigen expressed by hypothalamic neurons. (Source: Immunologic Research)
Source: Immunologic Research - May 23, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
