Diverse functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in autoimmune diseases
AbstractSince myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were found suppressing immune responses in cancer and other pathological conditions, subsequent researchers have pinned their hopes on the suppressive function against immune damage in autoimmune diseases. However, recent studies have found key distinctions of MDSC immune effects in cancer and autoimmunity. These include not only suppression and immune tolerance, but MDSCs also possess pro-inflammatory effects and exacerbate immune disorders during autoimmunity, while promoting T cell proliferation, inducing Th17 cell differentiation, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokin...
Source: Immunologic Research - September 21, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Total serum IgA levels and HLA-DQB1*02:01 allelic status
AbstractImmunoglobulin A Deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency and is significantly associated with Celiac Disease (CD), which recognizes a specific background of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) predisposition (including HLA-DQB1*02:01 allele). A number of studies investigated the role of HLA in IgAD etiopathogenesis: HLA-DQB1*02 alleles are included in the main h aplotypes linked to this primary immunodeficiency. In this preliminary study, we investigated the potential impact of HLA-DQB1*02:01 allelic status on total serum IgA levels: 108 serum samples from the bone marrow donors’ registry ...
Source: Immunologic Research - September 19, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Nanotechnology-based theranostic and prophylactic approaches against SARS-CoV-2
AbstractSARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has been an unpredicted burden on global healthcare system by infecting over 700 million individuals, with approximately 6 million deaths worldwide. COVID-19 significantly impacted all sectors, but it very adversely affected the healthcare system. These effects were much more evident in the resource limited part of the world. Individuals with acute conditions were also severely impacted. Although classical COVID-19 diagnostics such as RT-PCR and rapid antibody testing have played a crucial role in reducing the spread of infection, these diagnostic techniques are associated with certai...
Source: Immunologic Research - September 8, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
ANCA detection with solid phase chemiluminescence assay: diagnostic and severity association in vasculitis
AbstractANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) comprises a group of necrotizing vasculitis that mainly affects small- and medium-sized vessels. Serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), mainly anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) and anti-proteinase 3 (anti-PR3), levels may correlate to severity, prognosis, and recurrence of the disease. A retrospective analysis of 101 patients with MPO-positive and 54 PR3-positive vasculitis was performed, using laboratory established cut-off value, measured by chemiluminescence. Furthermore, data of renal disease and pulmonary involvement were collected at vasculitis diagnosis, as well a...
Source: Immunologic Research - September 7, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
MICA and NLRP3 gene polymorphisms interact synergistically affecting the risk of ankylosing spondylitis
The objective of this study was to analyze the association and interaction of polymorphic variants of theMICA andNLRP3 genes in patients with AS. In this case –control study, patients with AS were included and compared with healthy controls of Mexican origin. The polymorphisms rs4349859 and rs116488202 ofMICA and rs3806268 and rs10754558 ofNLRP3 were genotyped using TaqMan probes. Associations were determined using logistic regression models, while interactions were analyzed by the multifactorial dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. AP value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The minor allele of ...
Source: Immunologic Research - September 4, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
How the immune response to the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 affects the retinal vascular endothelial cells: an immune thrombotic and/or endotheliopathy process with in silico modeling
AbstractThrombotic events associated with SARS-CoV-2 at the vascular endothelium still remains unclear. The aim of the current study is to determine the relationship between cellular proteins on the (ocular) vascular endothelial surface and the immune thrombotic and/or endotheliopathy process elicited by SARS-CoV-2 using an in-silico modeling. The structural S (spike glycoprotein), N (nucleocapsid protein), M (membrane protein), and E (envelope protein) proteins, an accessory protein (ORF1ab) of SARS-CoV-2 and 158 cellular proteins associated with retinal vascular endothelial cell surface or structure were included in this...
Source: Immunologic Research - August 29, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
A high affinity and specificity anti-HER2 single-domain antibody (VHH) that targets trastuzumab ’s epitope with versatile biochemical, biological, and medical applications
AbstractIn the past decade, various single-domain antibodies from llamas, also known as VHH or nanobody, have been discovered with applications in tumor imaging and cancer therapy. However, the potential application of anti-HER2 VHHs as a diagnostic tool suitable for ELISA, flow cytometry, cell imaging, bispecific antibody engineering, and immunohistochemistry has not been fully elucidated. To investigate this potential, HER2 antigen was expressed in HEK293 F cells, purified, and used to immunize llama. Using phage display, anti-HER2 VHHs with high affinity and specificity were isolated, sequenced, and constructed with a...
Source: Immunologic Research - August 26, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Dominance and improved survivability of human γδT17 cell subset aggravates the immunopathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris
AbstractHuman γδ T cells are highly enriched in epithelial cell-dominated compartments like skin. Nonetheless, their function in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris (PV), an autoimmune skin disorder, is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the functional expression of human γδT cell subsets along with their homing chemokine receptor-ligand and inflammatory cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of PV. Estimation of the frequency of γδT cell subsets by flow cytometry revealed four major subsets of γδ T cells (γδT1, γδT2, γδT17, γδTreg) in both control and PV circulation. The elevated frequency of γδT17 cell...
Source: Immunologic Research - August 24, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
