Dynamic evolution of Mhc haplotypes in cynomolgus macaques of different geographic origins
AbstractThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a key role in immune defense, and theMhc genes of cynomolgus macaque display a high degree of polymorphism. Based on their geographic distribution, different populations of cynomolgus macaques are recognized. Here we present the characterization of theMhc class I and II repertoire of a large pedigreed group of cynomolgus macaques originating from the mainland north of the isthmus of Kra (N = 42). Segregation analyses resulted in the definition of 81 unreportedMafa-A/B/DRB/DQ/DP haplotypes, which include 32 previously unknownDRB regions. In addition, we report 13 ...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 27, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Habitat fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is associated with erosion of frog immunogenetic diversity and increased fungal infections
We examined the effects of habitat fragmentation in Brazil ’s Atlantic Forest on amphibian genetic diversity at an immune locus related to antigen presentation and detection (MHC IIB Exon 2). We used a custom high-throughput assay to sequence a fragment of MHC IIB and quantifiedBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infections in six frog species in two Atlantic Forest regions. Habitat fragmentation was associated with genetic erosion at MHC IIB Exon 2. This erosion was most severe in forest specialists. SignificantBd infections were detected only in one Atlantic Forest region, potentially due to relatively higher elevation...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 26, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Evolution of RNA sensing receptors in birds
AbstractBirds are important hosts for many RNA viruses, including influenza A virus, Newcastle disease virus, West Nile virus and coronaviruses. Innate defense against RNA viruses in birds involves detection of viral RNA by pattern recognition receptors. Several receptors of different classes are involved, such as endosomal toll-like receptors and cytoplasmic retinoic acid –inducible gene I-like receptors, and their downstream adaptor proteins. The function of these receptors and their antagonism by viruses is well established in mammals; however, this has received less attention in birds. These receptors have been chara...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 21, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
High-resolution human KIR genotyping
AbstractKiller immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) regulate the function of natural killer cells through interactions with various ligands on the surface of cells, thereby determining whether natural killer (NK) cells are to be activated or inhibited from killing the cell being interrogated. The genes encoding these proteins display extensive variation through variable gene content, copy number and allele polymorphism. The combination of KIR genes and their ligands is implicated in various clinical settings including haematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant and infectious disease progression. The determination o...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 20, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Immunoglobulin-like receptors and the generation of innate immune memory
AbstractHost immunity is classically divided into “innate” and “adaptive.” While the former has always been regarded as the first, rapid, and antigen-nonspecific reaction to invading pathogens, the latter represents the more sophisticated and antigen-specific response that has the potential to persist and generate memory. Recent work howeve r has challenged this dogma, where murine studies have successfully demonstrated the ability of innate immune cells (monocytes and macrophages) to acquire antigen-specific memory to allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The immunoreceptors so far identifie...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 16, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Individual copy number variation and extensive diversity between major MHC-DAB1 allelic lineages in the European bitterling
AbstractPolymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC),DAB1 gene was characterized for the first time in the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), a freshwater fish employed in studies of host-parasite coevolution and mate choice, taking advantage of newly designed primers coupled with high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Across 221 genotyped individuals, we detected 1 –4 variants per fish, with 28% individuals possessing 3–4 variants. We identified 36DAB1 variants, and they showed high sequence diversity mostly located within predicted antigen-binding sites, and both global and codon-specific excess of non...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 11, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Immunoinformatics prediction of potential immunodominant epitopes from human coronaviruses and association with autoimmunity
AbstractCross-reactivity between different human coronaviruses (HCoVs) might contribute to COVID-19 outcomes. Here, we aimed to predict conserved peptides among different HCoVs that could elicit cross-reacting B cell and T cell responses. Three hundred fifty-one full-genome sequences of HCoVs, including SARS-CoV-2 (51), SARS-CoV-1 (50), MERS-CoV (50), and common cold species OC43 (50), NL63 (50), 229E (50), and HKU1 (50) were downloaded aligned using Geneious Prime 20.20. Identification of epitopes in the conserved regions of HCoVs was carried out using the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) to predict B- and T-cell epitopes. ...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 10, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Combined overexpression of four transcription factors promotes effector T cell dedifferentiation toward early phenotypes
In conclusion, overexpression of early characterist ic transcription factors in effector T cells induces their dedifferentiation, and induction of dedifferentiation by the S1 group may be more effective. (Source: Immunogenetics)
Source: Immunogenetics - January 10, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Immunoinformatics prediction of potential immunodominant epitopes from human coronaviruses and association with autoimmunity
AbstractCross-reactivity between different human coronaviruses (HCoVs) might contribute to COVID-19 outcomes. Here, we aimed to predict conserved peptides among different HCoVs that could elicit cross-reacting B cell and T cell responses. Three hundred fifty-one full-genome sequences of HCoVs, including SARS-CoV-2 (51), SARS-CoV-1 (50), MERS-CoV (50), and common cold species OC43 (50), NL63 (50), 229E (50), and HKU1 (50) were downloaded aligned using Geneious Prime 20.20. Identification of epitopes in the conserved regions of HCoVs was carried out using the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) to predict B- and T-cell epitopes. ...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 10, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Combined overexpression of four transcription factors promotes effector T cell dedifferentiation toward early phenotypes
In conclusion, overexpression of early characterist ic transcription factors in effector T cells induces their dedifferentiation, and induction of dedifferentiation by the S1 group may be more effective. (Source: Immunogenetics)
Source: Immunogenetics - January 10, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
