A model integrating Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) haplotypes for risk prediction of COVID-19 clinical disease severity
AbstractAssociations between inherited Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) genotypes and the severity of multiple RNA virus infections have been reported. This prospective study was initiated to investigate if such an association exists for COVID-19. In this cohort study performed at Ankara University, 132 COVID-19 patients (56 asymptomatic, 51 mild-intermediate, and 25 patients with severe disease) were genotyped for KIR and ligands. Ankara University Donor Registry (n:449) KIR data was used for comparison. Clinical parameters (age, gender, comorbidities, blood group antigens, inflammation biomarkers) and KIR genoty...
Source: Immunogenetics - September 18, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Holosteans contextualize the role of the teleost genome duplication in promoting the rise of evolutionary novelties in the ray-finned fish innate immune system
AbstractOver 99% of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) are teleosts, a clade that comprises half of all living vertebrate species that have diversified across virtually all fresh and saltwater ecosystems. This ecological breadth raises the question of how the immunogenetic diversity required to persist under heterogeneous pathogen pressures evolved. The teleost genome duplication (TGD) has been hypothesized as the evolutionary event that provided the substrate for rapid genomic evolution and innovation. However, studies of putative teleost-specific innate immune receptors have been largely limited to comparisons either amo...
Source: Immunogenetics - September 11, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
The WC1 γδ T cell pathogen receptor of ruminants is preserved in the genome of ancient extinct auroch
AbstractThe work reported here investigated the γδ T cell-specific cell surface receptor known as workshop cluster 1 (WC1) in the extinct Auroch and compared the gene sequences to those in modern cattle breeds. These molecules function as hybrid pattern recognition receptors (PRR), binders of microbial pathogens, and as signaling co-receptors o f the T cell antigen receptor (TCR), directing the immune responses by γδ T cell subsets. Sequences in the Auroch genome included both WC1.1 and WC1.2-like a-patterned scavenger receptor cytsteine–rich (SRCR) domains as well as the more conserved b, c, d, and e-patterned SRCR ...
Source: Immunogenetics - September 9, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Bioinformatics-based study to identify immune infiltration and inflammatory-related hub genes as biomarkers for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
This study may contribute to the understanding of signaling pathways and biological processes associated with RA and the role of inflammatory immune infiltration in the pathogenesis of RA. In addition, this study shows thatAdcy2,Cxcl13, andCcr5 have the potential to be biomarkers for RA treatment. (Source: Immunogenetics)
Source: Immunogenetics - September 3, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Compound heterozygous DCLRE1C mutations lead to clinically typical Severe Combined Immunodeficiency presenting with Graft Versus Host Disease
This study adds to the ever-growing knowledge on the broad immunological and clinical spectrum associated withDCLRE1C mutations. (Source: Immunogenetics)
Source: Immunogenetics - August 18, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Differences in pyroptosis of recent thymic emigrants CD4+ T Lymphocytes in ART-treated HIV-positive patients are influenced by sex
AbstractPyroptosis cell death in recent thymus emigrants (RTE) CD4+ T lymphocytes plays an important role on HIV-1 infection as a cause of CD4+ T cell depletion, being influenced by several factors, among them, the sex. Thus, the aim of this study was evaluated pyroptosis levels in RTE CD4+ T lymphocytes of individuals under antiretroviral therapy (ART) strat ified by sex. Thirty-seven ART-treated HIV-positive patients (22 females and 15 males) and 12 (seven females and five males) clinically health subjects were recruited. Analysis by flow-cytometry of RTE CD4+ cells (CD4+ CD31+ /fluorescent-labeled inhibitor...
Source: Immunogenetics - August 1, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
HLA-DRB1 genes and the expression dynamics of HLA CIITA determine the susceptibility to T2DM
AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease with polygenic inheritance. The expression of major histocompatibility complex class II genes are regulated by several trans-activators. We have studied the expression of HLA-DRB1, RFX, CIITA-P1, PIV transactivators, immunophenotyping of cells, SNPs in CIITA-168 (A/G) and IFN- γ + 874 (T/A) in T2DM patients and controls (n = 201 each). We observed increased frequencies of DRB1*03, DRB1*04 and DRB1*07 and decreased frequencies of DRB1*10, DRB1*14, and DRB1*15 alleles among patients. Significant up-regulations of HLA-DRB1 genes were observed in patients (p < 0...
Source: Immunogenetics - August 1, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Evidence of genetic epistasis in autoimmune diabetes susceptibility revealed by mouse congenic sublines
AbstractSusceptibility to autoimmune diabetes is a complex genetic trait. Linkage analyses exploiting the NOD mouse, which spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes, have proved to be a useful tool for the characterization of some of these traits. In a linkage analysis using 3A9 TCR transgenic mice on both B10.BR and NOD.H2k backgrounds, we previously determined that both theIdd2 andIdd13 loci were linked to the proportion of immunoregulatory CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) T cells. In addition toIdd2 andIdd13, five other loci showed weak linkage to the proportion of DN T cells. Of interest, in an interim analysis, a locus ...
Source: Immunogenetics - August 1, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Prediction of ATPase cation transporting 13A2 molecule in Petromyzon marinus and pan-cancer analysis into human tumors from an evolutionary perspective
AbstractThe ATPase cation transporting 13A2 protein (ATP13A2), which maintains the homeostasis of mitochondria and lysosomes, plays a significant role in human neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Through constructing a lamprey proteome database, employing multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, 5 ATP13A2 proteins fromPetromyzon marinus (Pm-ATP13A2) were identified based on the evolutionary perspective. The motif and domain analysis showed that the ATP13A2 protein was conserved. The multiple phosphorylation sites and transmembrane structures highlighted the characteristics of ATP13A2 as the P-ATPase-V cati...
Source: Immunogenetics - August 1, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Analysis of shark NCR3 family genes reveals primordial features of vertebrate NKp30
AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells play major roles in innate immunity against viruses and cancer. Natural killer receptors (NKR) expressed by NK cells recognize foreign- or self-ligands on infected and transformed cells as well as healthy cells. NKR genes are the most rapidly evolving loci in vertebrates, and it is generally difficult to detect orthologues in different taxa. The unique exception is NKp30, an activating NKR in mammals that binds to the self-ligand B7H6. The NKp30-encoding gene,NCR3, has been found in most vertebrates including sharks, the oldest vertebrates with human-type adaptive immunity. NCR3 has a spec...
Source: Immunogenetics - August 1, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Plasma cell immunoglobulin heavy chain repertoire dynamics before and after tetanus booster vaccination
AbstractAntibody sequence repertoire analysis of plasma cells (PC) isolated before and 1 week after a vaccine provides time-specific snapshots of the antibody response. Comparison of the immunoglobulin (Ig) sequences pre- and post-vaccination allows analysis of maturation over time and identification of antigen specific Ig. Here we compare the Ig heavy chain (Ig-H) repertoire of circulating PCs isolated from 109 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected by apheresis 1 week after a tetanus toxoid vaccine booster with the Ig-H repertoire of PCs collected 2 and 11 weeks prior to the booster. A total of 21,060 unique...
Source: Immunogenetics - August 1, 2021 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
