Regulation of genes involved in the metabolic adaptation of murine microglial cells in response to elevated HIF-1 α mediated activation
AbstractMicroglia cells are activated in response to different stress signals. Several metabolic adaptations underlie microglia activation in the brain. Among these, in conditions like ischemic stroke and, hypoxic stress stimuli activate microglia cells. Hypoxic stress is mediated by HIF-1α. Although HIF-1α has been implicated in the alteration of metabolic pathways, changes in microglia lipid metabolism during M1 activation of microglia induced by elevated HIF-1α levels are yet to be unders tood. This can also merit interest in the development of novel targets to mitigate chronic inflammation. Our study aims to eluci...
Source: Immunogenetics - February 8, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Determination for KIR genotype and allele copy number via real-time quantitative PCR method
AbstractKiller cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) play crucial roles in regulating NK cell activity. Here, we report a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) to genotype allKIR genes and their copy numbers simultaneously. With 18 pairs of locus-specific primers, we identifiedKIR genes by Ct values and determinedKIR copy number using the 2−∆Ct method. Haplotypes were assigned based onKIR gene copy numbers. The real-time qPCR results were consistent with the NGS method, except for one sample withKIR2DL5 discrepancy. qPCR is a multiplex method that can identifyKIR copy number, which helps...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 11, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Costimulatory receptors in the channel catfish: CD28 family members and their ligands
AbstractThe CD28-B7 interaction is required to deliver a second signal necessary for T-cell activation. Additional membrane receptors of the CD28 and B7 families are also involved in immune checkpoints that positively or negatively regulate leukocyte activation, in particular T lymphocytes. BTLA is an inhibitory receptor that belongs to a third receptor family. Fish orthologs exist only for some of these genes, and the potential interactions between the corresponding ligands remain mostly unclear. In this work, we focused on the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), a long-standing model for fish immunology, to analyze th...
Source: Immunogenetics - January 10, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
The impact of long COVID on health-related quality of life in patients 6 months after discharge with severe COVID-19
This study investigates the relationship between long COVID and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients discharged for 6 months. It included 192 patients with a history of severe COVID-19 and 192 patients with a history of non-severe COVID-19 patients that were selected through quota sampling methods from the Medical Care Monitoring Center (MCMC) of hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, in 2020. Phone-based interviews were con ducted to collect data using the short form of the 12-item health-related quality of life (SF-12) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, including mean (standard deviation) and frequency (percentag...
Source: Immunogenetics - December 27, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Patterns of evolution in MHC class II DQA and DQB exon 2 genes of Alpine mountain hares, Lepus timidus varronis, and sympatric and parapatric brown hares, L. europaeus, from Switzerland
AbstractIn natural populations, hybridization is known to occur between a wide range of species. However, its evolutionary significance is less clear. Genes involved in fighting pathogens are considered excellent candidates for studying adaptive introgression, although both introgression and balancing selection can generate similar patterns of diversity and differentiation. Here, we comparedDQA andDQB MHC class II and microsatellite allelic diversity of sympatric and parapatric mountain (Lepus timidus) and brown hare (L. europaeus) populations from Switzerland. We detected higher genetic diversity in brown hares compared t...
Source: Immunogenetics - December 20, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
The COVID-19 inflammation and high mortality mechanism trigger
AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lasted from March 2020 to May 2023, infecting over 689 million and causing 6.9 million deaths globally. SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells via the spike protein binding to ACE2 receptors, leading to viral replication and an exaggerated immune response characterized by a “cytokine storm.” This review analyzes the COVID-19 pathogenesis, strains, risk factors for severe disease, and vaccine types and effectiveness. A systematic literature search for 2020–2023 was conducted. Results show the cytokine storm underlies COVID-19 p...
Source: Immunogenetics - December 8, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
A novel missense mutation in the AIRE gene underlying autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1
AbstractThe immune regulator gene AIRE plays an essential role in the establishment of immune tolerance and the prevention of autoimmunity. This transcription factor plays a critical role in promoting self-tolerance in the thymus by regulating the expression of a large number of self-antigens that share the common feature of being tissue-restricted in their expression pattern in the periphery. Dysfunction of AIRE in humans causes a rare disease, autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS1), characterized by an autoimmune response against peripheral tissues, particularly endocrine tissues. Although a few dominant mutatio...
Source: Immunogenetics - November 30, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
